Trichomonad species inhabit a variety of vertebrate hosts; however, their potential zoonotic transmission has not been clearly addressed, especially with regard to human infection. Twenty-one strains of trichomonads isolated from humans (5 isolates), pigs (6 isolates), rodents (6 isolates), a water buffalo (1 isolate), a cow (1 isolate), a goat (1 isolate), and a dog (1 isolate) were collected in Indonesia and molecularly characterized. The DNA sequences of the partial 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene or 5.8S rRNA gene locus with its flanking regions (internal transcribed spacer region, ITS1 and ITS2) were identified in various trichomonads; Simplicimonas sp., Hexamastix mitis, and Hypotrichomonas sp. from rodents, and Tetratrichomonas sp. and Trichomonas sp. from pigs. All of these species were not detected in humans, whereas Pentatrichomonas hominis was identified in humans, pigs, the dog, the water buffalo, the cow, and the goat. Even when using the high-resolution gene locus of the ITS regions, all P. hominis strains were genetically identical; thus zoonotic transmission between humans and these closely related mammals may be occurring in the area investigated. The detection of Simplicimonas sp. in rodents (Rattus exulans) and P. hominis in water buffalo in this study revealed newly recognized host adaptations and suggested the existence of remaining unrevealed ranges of hosts in the trichomonad species.

Every petroleum-processing plant produces sewage sludge containing several types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The degradation of PAHs via physical, biological, and chemical methods is not yet efficient. Among biological methods, the use of marine sponge symbiont bacteria is considered an alternative and promising approach in the degradation of and reduction in PAHs. This study aimed to explore the potential performance of a consortium of sponge symbiont bacteria in degrading anthracene and pyrene. Three bacterial species (Bacillus pumilus strain GLB197, Pseudomonas stutzeri strain SLG510A3-8, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain SLCDA 976) were mixed to form the consortium. The interaction between the bacterial consortium suspension and PAH components was measured at 5 day intervals for 25 days. The biodegradation performance of bacteria on PAH samples was determined on the basis of five biodegradation parameters. The analysis results showed a decrease in the concentration of anthracene (21.89%) and pyrene (7.71%), equivalent to a ratio of 3:1, followed by a decrease in the abundance of anthracene (60.30%) and pyrene (27.52%), equivalent to a ratio of 2:1. The level of pyrene degradation was lower than that of the anthracene due to fact that pyrene is more toxic and has a more stable molecular structure, which hinders its metabolism by bacterial cells. The products from the biodegradation of the two PAHs are alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and a small proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon components.

Marzuki I, Kamaruddin M, Ahmad R. 2021. Identification of marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria and their application in degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodiversitas 22: 1481-1488. Diverse and abundant microbial species that occupy marine sponges may make important contributions to host metabolism. Sponges are filter feeders and devour microorganisms from the seawater around them. Each microbe that endures the sponges’ digestive and immune responses are related symbiotically. Marine sponges symbiont bacteria can comprise as much as 40% of sponge tissue volume, and these are known to exhibit a great potential on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation. However, the potential use of marine sponges symbiont bacteria is unexplored. Therefore, we designed and conducted a study to identify bacterial isolates obtained from sponges. For this, we collected sponges samples (Hyrtios erectus, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti), Niphates sp., and Callyspongia sp.) from the Spermonde islands in Indonesia. We successfully found eight bacterial isolates from four sponges, as molecular identification based on 16S rRNA approach revealed bacterial isolates of SpAB1, SpAB2, SpBB1, SpDB1, and SpDB2 from three sponges (Hyrtios erectus, Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti), Niphates sp.). Interestingly, these were closely related to Pseudomonas, and a bacterial isolate from Callyspongia sp. (SpCB1) showed similarity to Bacillus. Bacillus and Pseudomonas bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated sponges exhibited degradation of naphthalene and pyrene PAHs.

Marzuki I, Ahmad R, Kamaruddin M, Asaf R, Armus R, Siswanty I. 2021. Performance of cultured marine sponges-symbiotic bacteria as a heavy metal bio-adsorption. Biodiversitas 22: 5536-5543. One source of heavy metal waste could be coming from industrial disposal. Contamination and accumulation of hazardous heavy metal waste are most likely to occur in water areas, It has become a global issue that urgently requires appropriate technology to address. Two marine sponge-symbiotic bacteria from the Spermonde islands, Indonesia, i.e., Bacillus cohnii strain DSM 6307 (BS) and Pseudomonas stutzeri RCH2 (PS), were used in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of heavy metal bio-adsorption of two sponge symbiotic bacteria by contact technique and are assessed their activity, capacity, and efficiency of bio-adsorption against different heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd),. The bio-adsorption capacity was evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) after a predetermined contact time (4, 8, 12, and 16 days). The results demonstrated that two sponge symbiotic bacteria had bio-adsorption activities against eight different heavy metals. BS bacteria exhibited higher bio-adsorption capacity (Cr ? Zn ? Cu ? Fe ? Co ?Mn and Ag ? Cd) than that of PS bacteria (Zn ? Co ? Fe ? Mn ? Cu ? Cr and Cd ? Ag). The difference in the atomic number of heavy metals causes the characteristics of these metals to vary which affects the capacity and efficiency of bio-adsorption of sponge symbiotic bacteria to heavy metals.

: EFFECTIVENESS OF LAVENDER STEAM AROMATHERAPY AND OXYTOCIN MASSAGE IN BREAST MILK DEVELOPMENT IN POSTPARTUM MOTHERS Background: Breast milk (ASI) is a natural nutrient with the most suitable nutritional content for optimal growth. The reasons that cause the failure to provide exclusive breastfeeding are both mother and baby factors, as well as psychological conditions due to postpartum exhaustion may affect lactation. One of the non-pharmacological treatments to help postpartum mothers still feel comfortable and relaxed so that they can have a calming effect and help make breast milk smooth is by offering oxytocin massage (OM) and lavender steam aromatherapy (LSA) to postpartum mothers. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of steam aromatherapy stimulation and oxytocin massage in milk production. Methods: The research design used was the post-test-only design. The sample in this study consisted of 30 postpartum Primipara mothers with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the T Independent Test. Results: The findings of the univariate analysis showed that more respondents were over 25 years of age (73%), most recently graduated from high school (67%), and did not have a job (57%). bivariate analysis showed that OM intervention therapy in postpartum mothers was more efficient in the development of breast milk with a standard deviation of 6.60591 compared to the intervention of LSA (SD = 9.74435). Conclusion: It can be concluded that relaxation of oxytocin massage and Lavender steam aromatherapy for postpartum mothers in Makassar Health Centre, South Sulawesi, both of which have a relaxing effect and help postpartum mothers to smooth breast milk. However, in this study OM is more effective in accelerating the development of breast milk in postpartum mothers rather than intervention of LSA. Suggestion Oxytocin massage is more effective in accelerating the development of breast milk in postpartum mothers, therefore health workers, especially midwives are advised to use oxytocin relaxation massage while offering Lavender steam aromatherapy as an alternative method to help postpartum mothers encourage breast milk production. Keywords: Lavender Steam Aromateraphy; Oxytocin Massage; Breast Milk Production ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Air susu ibu (ASI) merupakan nutrisi alami dengan kandungan nutrisi yang paling sesuai untuk pertumbuhan yang optimal. Alasan yang menjadi penyebab kegagalan pemberian ASI eksklusif adalah faktor ibu dan bayi, serta kondisi psikologis akibat kelelahan pasca melahirkan dapat mempengaruhi laktasi. Salah satu penanganan non farmakologis untuk membantu ibu nifas tetap nyaman dan rileks sehingga dapat memberikan efek menenangkan dan membantu melancarkan ASI adalah dengan pemberian lavender steam aromatherapy (LSA) dan pijat oksitosin (OM) kepada ibu nifas.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui khasiat stimulasi uap aromaterapi dan pijat oksitosin dalam produksi ASI.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah post-test-only design. Sampel dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 30 ibu primipara nifas dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Independen T.Hasil: Temuan analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa lebih banyak responden berusia di atas 25 tahun (73%), paling akhir tamat SMA (67%), dan tidak memiliki pekerjaan (57%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa terapi intervensi OM pada ibu postpartum lebih efisien dalam perkembangan ASI dengan standar deviasi 6,60591 dibandingkan dengan intervensi LSA (SD = 9,74435).Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa relaksasi pijat oksitosin dan aromaterapi uap lavender pada ibu nifas di Puskesmas Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, keduanya memiliki efek relaksasi dan membantu ibu nifas melancarkan ASI. Namun pada penelitian ini OM lebih efektif dalam mempercepat perkembangan ASI pada ibu postpartum daripada intervensi LSA.Saran Pijat oksitosin lebih efektif dalam mempercepat perkembangan ASI pada ibu nifas, oleh karena itu tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan disarankan untuk menggunakan pijat relaksasi oksitosin sambil menawarkan aromaterapi uap Lavender sebagai metode alternatif untuk membantu ibu nifas mendorong produksi ASI Kata Kunci: Aroma Terapi Lavender; Pijat Oksitosin; Produksi Air Susu Ibu

Senam hamil yang dilakukan secara teratur selama masa tiga bulan (trimester ketiga) terakhir dapat mengurangi resiko partus lama. Hal ini terjadi karena peningkatan kadar hormon endorphin dalam tubuh sewaktu senam, yang secara alami berfungsi sebagai penahan rasa sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas senam hamil terhadap kelancaran persalinan kala II pada ibu inpartu di Puskesmas Bulupoddo Kab. Sinjai. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah ibu bersalin yang memenuhi persyaratan dengan sebanyak 35 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil dari 35 responden yang diteliti terdapat 91,4% (32 orang) yang melakukan senam hamil dengan 85,7% yang mengalami persalinan kala II normal dan sisanya sebanyak 5,7%yang melakukan senam hamil tapi mengalami persalinan kala II tidak normal. Sedangkan dan 3 orang (8,6%) yang tidak melakukan senam hamil dan mengalami persalinan tidak normal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di atas menunjukkan ρ< α yang artinya 0,005 lebih kecil dari nilai 0,05, artinya terdapat hubungan signifikan antara senam hamil dan terjadinya kelancaran persalinan kala II ibu inpartu di Puskesmas Bulupoddo Kabupaten Sinjai. Sebaiknya ibu hamil rutin melakukan senam hamil untuk menjaga kebugaran dan memperlancar proses persalinan demi kesehatan ibu dan janinnya.