The aim of this study is to gauge the environmental attitudes of adolescents in order to improve environmental education plans. To this end, the Attitudes Towards the Environment validated survey was applied to 346 adolescents (51% boys and 49% girls, mean age = 15.05) at secondary schools in Cordoba (Spain). A factor analysis (FA) was carried out using the FACTOR program, obtaining three factors: emotional, cognitive, and behavioral. The results of the FA exhibit excellent internal consistency, with an Omega coefficient of 0.916 and Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.915, and adequate goodness of fit. The emotional factor results are good, as concern and responsibility towards the environment were notable. However, this did not translate into motivation to obtain further knowledge or to become involved in collective civic actions. The findings in this line give us information to review educational objectives and methodologies, for which emotional education is essential. Elements are proposed to encourage adolescents to adopt more proenvironmental attitudes so that the development of environmental awareness and concern in them is not undermined by frustration, and so that peer learning is present through dialogue and cooperative work, promoting an affinity for nature and the motivation to participate in collective civic activities.

People today are becoming increasingly disconnected from nature, and suffering physically and mentally as a result. One solution to this is to undertake the renaturation of human environments, including schools and universities. Faculties of education have an opportunity to serve as an example to their students in this regard, by establishing models of reconnection for new teachers to take into schools subsequently. This project reports on the renaturation of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology at the University of Cordoba (Spain), where outdoor spaces have been greened and adapted for teaching, biodiversity has been promoted, and students have been trained in the importance of working in contact with nature in order to promote sustainability.

The growing acceleration of socio-ecological crises has increased demands for higher education to move beyond disciplinary teaching toward competence-based sustainability education. In science teacher education, this shift requires not only aligning curricula with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) but also developing transformative sustainability competencies. This review analyzes the relationship between UNESCO’s Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) learning objectives and the European GreenComp framework, exploring their integration into science education programs. Based on a qualitative thematic review of 65 publications published between 2015 and 2025, the study identifies a strong emphasis on normative and methodological aspects of sustainability education, while critical-political perspectives and futures literacy remain less represented. The paper proposes an integrative model built around three interconnected dimensions: SDG-oriented learning objectives, sustainability competences, and a critical socio-ecological perspective. The findings indicate that effective curriculum design in science teacher education must combine content-oriented and competence-oriented approaches. UNESCO’s ESD objectives provide socio-environmental relevance and normative guidance, whereas GreenComp contributes systems thinking, anticipatory competences, and action-oriented learning. However, the review warns that sustainability education risks remaining functional rather than transformative unless issues of power, inequality, and socio-ecological justice are explicitly addressed.

Introduction. In contrast to the wide range of possibilities for measuring gender awareness, there are fewer validated instruments with a broad, global and holistic vision in relation to gender and far from the adult-centred perspective. For this reason, a scale that measures the Degree of Gender Awareness in Adolescents is created, validated and developed: GADA (Gender Awareness Degree in Adolescents). Method. GADA has been developed after a pilot test and an expert judgment process and has been validated through factor analysis based on the latest statistical advances in the social sciences following post-Little Jiffy psychometrics. The FACTOR program has been used to obtain two factors, the personal and the social, with a constructionist vision of gender. The population belongs to 10 secondary education institutes in Córdoba (Spain) with a sample of 510 students (55% women and 45% men) between 14 and 16 years old. Results. The scale shows high reliability and internal consistency, with Cronbach's Omega and alpha coefficient being .84 and optimal goodness adjustments (GFI =.992, CFI =.992, NNFI =.987, RMSEA [95% CI] =.032 (.0101-.0378) and RMCR =.0404). Furthermore, sex is an invariant variable. Discussion or Conclusion: The GADA Scale is a reliable instrument with a global and comprehensive vision of gender and feminism with relevant issues for adolescence that addresses gender awareness with educational applications.

Revista de Educación Ambiental y Sostenibilidad

¿Cómo percibe la adolescencia los riesgos medioambientales y los principios del ecofeminismo? Los objetivos perseguidos por esta investigación son analizar la capacidad de un grupo de jóvenes para vincular degradación ambiental y desigualdad de género y testar si la educación no formal influye en el desarrollo de una conciencia ambiental y de género. Se sigue una metodología cualitativa mediante entrevista de dos grupos focales de jóvenes en España, uno de un centro educativo y el otro grupo de un proyecto de educación de ámbito no formal. Los resultados revelan que el primer grupo presenta dificultades para relacionar género y medioambiente y muestra emociones medioambientales centradas en la frustración y el miedo. Por el contrario, el segundo grupo evidencia una visión más sistémica, relacionando desigualdad de género, degradación ambiental y justicia social, además de canalizar la ecoansiedad hacia la acción colectiva. Se concluye que, para el caso estudiado, la educación no formal favorece una conciencia más ecofeminista; aportando claves para integrar sus enfoques en la educación formal.