This study aims to determine the effects of the variables within the UTAUT 2 model on the intention to use a Fully Electric Car. In this context, data were collected through survey forms from 401 white-collar workers who are considered to have a higher economic status. Initially, validity and reliability analyses were conducted on the scales used in the Smart PLS program, and subsequently, the hypotheses were interpreted using the results obtained from structural equation modeling. In this study, it was found that effort expectancy, social influence, perceived ease of use, hedonic motivation, and habit had a positive and significant impact on the intention to use electric vehicles. Performance expectancy has a negative and significant effect on the intention to use electric cars, while price has no significant effect. It was determined that the intention to use electric vehicles was found to mediate the relationship between perceived ease of use and actual usage behavior. This research can offer significant contributions to literature, particularly by examining the influence of habit on behavioral intention and the effect of hedonic motivation on electric vehicle usage intention. By testing the UTAUT 2 model in the context of electric vehicle acceptance, this study supports the universality and applicability of the model to various technologies. Emphasizing the role of variables such as hedonic motivation and habit in electric vehicle acceptance adds a new dimension to the UTAUT 2 model. Thus, it makes an important contribution to technology acceptance research.

Bu çalışmada gıda fiyatlarındaki aşırı artışların olası nedenleri ve Covid-19’un gıda fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. İkincil kaynaklar üzerinde doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler sadeleştirilmiş ve bazen özet tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışmada özellikle 2021 yaz aylarında gıda fiyatlarında düzenli bir artışın olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada gıda fiyatlarındaki aşırı artışın nedenleri arasında küresel iklim değişikliği, girdi maliyetlerinin artması, nakliye masrafları, aracı komisyon ve kar marjları, işçilik ve ambalajlama, vergi vb giderlerin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Enflasyon ve döviz kurunun yükselmesi yanında Covid-19’u istismar eden satıcıların etik dışı davranışlarının da aşırı fiyat artışlarına neden olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada gıda fiyatlarında görülen fiyat artışlarının hangi aşamada arttığının doğru tespiti ve kalıcı çözümü için bölgesel temelli akademik çalışmaların periyodik aralıklarla yürütülmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Gıdada aşırı fiyat artışları ile mücadelede enflasyon oranı ve döviz kurunun kontrol altına alınmasının, üreticilerin yeterince desteklenmesinin yanında denetimlerin sürekli ve zamanında yapılmasının önemine işaret edilmiştir.

This study aims to develop and validate a scale measuring consumers’ attitudes towards social media influencers (SMIs). In this sense, the study population consisted of social media users who followed at least one social media influencer. The survey method was used as the data collection tool in the study. While creating the scale items, relevant literature as well as expressions and some sentences obtained from short interviews with consumers who use social media and follow at least one social media influencer were used. As part of the research, 821 surveys were accepted as valid and evaluated. After pretesting studies on a group of 258 people, the scale was retested with a new sample of 821 people. The skewness and kurtosis values were between +1.96 and -1.96. The sample had a normal distribution. The EFA analysis revealed that the scale item distribution was compatible with the pretest analysis. Although no random distribution was found with parallel analysis, Kaiser–Guttman analysis was also performed to control the distribution of random scales into their subdimensions. The EFA results showed that the developed scale provided appropriate values. KMO=0.896, Bartlett’s sphericity test=0.000, Bartlett’s<0.05, Cronbach’s alpha=0.889, AVE=0.585, and CR=0.934. As a result of CFA, the values for the goodness of fit were found to be appropriate (x2 (df)=3.144; p=0.000, RMSEA=0.051; CFI=0.994; GFI=0.990; SRMR=0.014; AVE=0.580; CR=0.933), and it was observed that there were no items below the factor value of 0.50. As a result of the invariance analysis, it was understood that the developed scale had invariance properties and was suitable for use with a large audience, as the ∆CFI value was less than 0.01 between both samples. The General Attitudes Scale towards social media influencers has a single factor and consists of six items. The factor loading values of the scale items ranged between 0.53 and 0.90. In this research, it was determined that social media influencers had a significant impact on the participants. The general attitudes of the participants as part of the study had a significant effect on their social media influencers.

Dünyanın pek çok ülkesinde insanların temel ihtiyaçlardan biri olan konutla ilgili yaşanan sorunlar tam olarak çözülmüş değildir. Türkiye’de de konut üretim ve pazarlama sürecinde farklı sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de konut üretim ve pazarlama sürecinde ne tür sorunlarla karşılaşıldığını ilgili literatür çerçevesinde kategorik olarak ele alarak tartışmaktır. Bu çerçevede ikincil veri analizi yapılmış ve bu sorunlarla ilgili kavram ve terimler açıklanmıştır. Araştırma bu hali ile keşfedici bir özellik göstermektedir. Araştırmanın ikincil veri analizi sonucunda konut üretiminde finansal açıdan olduğu kadar, arsa temini, inşaat malzeme maliyetlerindeki artışlar ve yerel yönetimlerden kaynaklanan sorunlarla karşılaşıldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Veri analizinden ortaya çıkan bir diğer önemli bulgu ise konut geliştiricilerinin reklam çalışmalarında pazarlama otomasyonu kullanımı ve dijital teknikleri kullanmadaki yetersizlikleridir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçların konut arz ve talep eden kesimlerin doğru karar alma süreçlerinde yararlı olacağı, okuyuculara muhakeme etme fırsatı verebileceği, tatmin ve motive etme noktasında yardımcı olabileceği ve bundan sonraki çalışmalara yön verebileceği değerlendirilmektedir.

A Social Media Influencer (SMI) is a new independent third party that uses social media to shape audience attitudes. SMIs are present on most digital media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube, and build their sphere of influence by sharing their experiences on a wide range of specific topics such as fitness, fashion, beauty, DIY, vacation, entertainment, etc. with their followers. While making these posts, SMI creates a desire in social media users who are interested in those topics to follow influencers with high influence. This is because similar topics are also of interest to social media users and they feel SMI as a reflection of themselves. Therefore, every behavior of the influencer attracts more attention. This situation makes the job of marketers and brands easier. Because instead of their efforts to reach the target audience by developing many strategies, there is the SMI who brings together potential buyers who have formed their own target audience. In addition, reaching SMIs for advertising deals is less costly than reaching classic influencers. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a scale that can measure the effect of SMIs' attitudes and behaviors on consumer purchase intention. Accordingly, the population of the study consisted of social media users who follow at least one SMI. Questionnaire method was used as a data collection tool in the research. While creating the scale items, expressions and phrases obtained from short interviews with consumers who use social media and follow at least one SMI were utilized in addition to the relevant domestic and foreign literature. Within the scope of the research, 821 questionnaires were accepted as valid and evaluated. As a result of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) application, it was determined that there is a significant effect of SMI on the effect of purchase intention.

Research concerning green marketing has predominantly focused on consumer behavior. However, aspects such as the extent to which Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) embrace green marketing values, their ability to implement the green marketing mix, and the integration of green marketing into their business culture are critically important. This research aims to provide the 4P (product, price, place, and promotion)-focused green marketing literature with a measurement tool to assess how SMEs implement green marketing practices. The study employed a descriptive design and possesses an exploratory nature. Scale development involved two stages: First, analyses were conducted on a pre-test sample of 159 individuals, revealing the initial scale structure. Second, these analyses were repeated on a larger group of 387 participants. The scale was finalized by confirming the consistency of results across both analyses. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 24 were utilized for descriptive statistics and the scale development process. The final validated 12-item scale demonstrates a robust three-factor structure (“Environmental Promotion”, ”Green Packaging”, and ”Green Distribution”), explaining 62.6% of the total variance. The scale exhibits excellent psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.912), strong model fit from Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and both convergent and discriminant validity, as indicated by an Average Variance Extracted (AVE) value of 0.605. The scale is deemed applicable to larger populations.