Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease affecting global health. Its increasing prevalence, particularly among aging populations, remains a leading cause of disability. Besides conventional pharmacological and surgical treatments, dietary interventions are promising strategies to alleviate OA symptoms and progression. Unfortunately, scientific evidence does not support many commonly used, misleading ideas about nutrition in knee OA. Recent data highlight the detrimental effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets, particularly those rich in refined sugars and saturated fats, which exacerbate systemic inflammation and contribute to cartilage degradation. Conversely, diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and dietary fiber have shown anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. A Mediterranean diet rich in these nutrients effectively prevents the development of OA and its comorbidities, including obesity and cardiovascular disease. The role of supplements, such as glucosamine, chondroitin, and vitamin D, is questioned due to the lack of evidence supporting their efficacy in treating knee OA. Despite dietary recommendations published annually, there is still a need to debunk many myths that are not confirmed by current evidence. The significant research gaps require more extensive, controlled studies to establish evidence-based dietary recommendations (particularly carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and antioxidant intake). This comprehensive review provides insight into the various indications for the impact of nutrition on knee OA, focusing on key nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, antioxidants, and selected micronutrients, providing the clinician with ready-to-implement nutritional modifications. Such an analysis may help clinicians and patients incorporate dietary strategies into treating knee OA, emphasizing the need for personalized, sustainable approaches.

Behçet’s disease (BD) is rare in European populations. Because clinical and immunological characteristics may differ between Caucasians and Middle Eastern patients, we analyzed BD patients from the Polish population. Data from eight patients with BD treated at a rheumatology clinic were analyzed and collected, including demographic data, clinical features, laboratory test results, comorbidities, and treatment options. The study included eight patients (mean age 38.2 ± 13.7 years; 75% female). None of the patients had a family history of the disease. The mean delay in diagnosis was 5.28 ± 4.6 years. The disease began with the development of mucosal ulcerations and a maculopapular rash, and some patients also developed anemia, alopecia, headaches, and arthritis. All patients had mucosal ulcerations and an erythematous or maculopapular rash; joint involvement occurred in 62.5%. Vascular complications (37.5%) included superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, ischemic stroke, and cephalic vein thrombosis. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (50%), dyslipidemia (37.5%), and depression (25%). Inflammatory markers were elevated in half of the patients and normalized after treatment. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 62.5%, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in 25%. Patients were treated with glucocorticosteroids (100%) in combination with azathioprine (62.5%), cyclosporine (25%), methotrexate (12.5%), and hydroxychloroquine (25%). Data from a single center indicate that BD in Caucasians is characterized by heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and develops predominantly in women. The presence of ANA and ANCA antibodiescan be misleading and requires differential diagnosis. The course is generally mild, but severe symptoms (especially thrombosis) require close monitoring by a multidisciplinary team.

Background/Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide, causing pain and disability. In addition to mechanical overload, increasing evidence suggests that metabolic disorders and abdominal obesity may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of OA through mild inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Methods: This cross-sectional, single-center study included 108 patients with radiologically confirmed KOA and 33 control subjects aged 45–80 years. KOA severity was assessed using the Kellgren–Lawrence scale and the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scale. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements, namely body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and dysfunctional obesity index (DAI), were analyzed. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with KOA severity. Results: Over 85% of KOA patients were overweight or obese, and 63.9% met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. KOA patients had a significantly higher BMI, WHtR, waist circumference, BRI, LAP, and a higher prevalence of obesity than the control group. WHtR, BRI, and serum glucose levels positively correlated with OARSI scores. In multivariate linear regression analysis, age remained the only independent predictor of higher OARSI scores. Saturated fat intake exceeded recommended levels in both groups, but macronutrient intake was not associated with KOA severity. Conclusions: Age is the strongest independent predictor of structural KOA severity; however, visceral fat distribution and serum glucose levels correlate with the OARSI score, and modifying them may help improve cardiometabolic health in patients with KOA.