Studies on the distribution of lymphatic filariasis (LF) have mostly focused on reporting prevalence at the community level and distribution at the district levels. Understanding the distribution patterns at community levels may help in designing surveillance strategies. This study aimed to characterize the spatial distribution of LF infections in four hotspot communities in Ghana. The research, involving 252 participants, collected demographic data, mass drug administration (MDA) information, household GPS coordinates, and antigen detection test results. The LF prevalence varied significantly among the communities, with Asemda having the highest (33.33%) and Mempeasem having the lowest (4.44%). Females had lower odds of infection than males (OR = 2.67, p = 0.003 CI: 1.39–5.13). Spatial analysis using kernel density, Anselin Local Moran’s, Getis-Ord Gi models, Ordinary Least Squares, and Geographic Weighted Regression revealed mixed patterns of spatial autocorrelation. This study identified LF hotspots, indicating clusters of high or low prevalence with some areas showing disparities between MDA coverage and LF positivity rates. Despite these hotspots, the overall distribution of LF appeared random, suggesting the importance of purposeful sampling in surveillance activities. These findings contribute valuable insights into the micro-epidemiology of LF, emphasizing the need for community-specific investigations to understand the factors influencing the effectiveness of MDA programs in controlling filarial infections. The study highlights the importance of refining surveillance strategies based on community-level distribution patterns.

Introduction: Tuberculosis [TB] and diabetes mellitus (DM) remain major public health concerns worldwide. TB negatively affects an individual’s glucose tolerance, increasing the risk of developing DM. Similarly, DM reduces the host’s ability to fight TB infection and increases the likelihood of developing TB and poor response to TB medication. This study analysed stigma and health-seeking behaviour in a sub-district of Accra Metropolis. Methods: We used a mixed-methods research approach involving a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews to explore community knowledge, stigma, and health-seeking behaviour related to TB and DM. A total of 437 individuals were selected for a survey using a simple random sampling technique, while 22 participants, including three TB patients, four nurses, one medical doctor, four students from a nursing and midwifery school, five students from a school of hygiene, and five community members, were involved in the study. Healthcare providers and patients were purposively selected, while students and community members were recruited through convenience sampling. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed on the quantitative data using STATA, while the qualitative data were thematically analysed using the MAXQDA software. Results: Participants’ age, sex, and educational levels were significantly associated with their knowledge of TB and DM. Males were 0.600 times as likely as females to be knowledgeable about DM (95% CI: 0.386–0.934, p = 0.024). Social determinants of health, such as poverty, local beliefs, stigma, and negative attitudes from healthcare workers, may influence TB patients’ preference for traditional remedies over biomedical treatment. Conclusion: Therefore, we observed that addressing cultural barriers, stigma, and financial costs related to TB and diabetes care will help increase patients’ willingness for biomedical treatment.