Climate disasters pose a risk to residents’ well-being globally. However, information about the impact of climate disasters among urban and rural residents remains lacking, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to fill the gap by investigating the impact of climate disaster on subjective well-being based on urban and rural typology model. The data were cross-sectional, involving 7110 Indonesian residents who had experienced climate disasters, 3813 from urban areas and 3297 from rural areas. An ordered probit model was employed to estimate the impact of climate disasters on subjective well-being (i.e., happiness and life satisfaction). In general, the empirical results show that climate disasters do not significantly affect the happiness of Indonesian residents, but they significantly and negatively impact their life satisfaction. Further analysis reveals that climate disasters impact urban and rural residents differently. The subjective well-being of rural residents is more severely affected than those living in urban areas. Further estimation also indicated that climate disaster significantly reduces residents’ subjective well-being at the lowest income level for both rural and urban residents. Our finding confirms that rural residents remain the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

Using the political ecology approach, we investigated the Indonesian government’s decision to commercialize protected areas (PAs) and promote its tourism sector aggressively, and examined how this commercialization is enabled through various institutions and governing structures. We confirmed that the commercialization of PAs in Indonesia was an alternative accumulation, dealing with the crisis of capitalist accumulation. Our empirical finding showed that the commercialization of PAs in Indonesia had detimental environmental and social impacts, such as deadlocks or monopoly or management, and environmental deterioration. This commercialization pattern was different from accumulation by conservation in other regions, such as Africa, where local people were deprived of their access to the means of production, consequently becoming laborers in the tourism industry. In Indonesia, local people were given access to resources; however, as these resources were of little value, they became laborers in the tourism industry. Further research is needed to test whether different patterns of accumulation by conservation also apply to other types of PAs in Indonesia, such as national parks and customary forests, including various coral reef conservation areas in remote and small Islands used as tourist attractions.

This research describes how agriculture-based villages have changed due to small sand mining (artisanal) activities: the social meaning or social representation of the mining existence, how much it contributes to household income, and community resistance forms, including how the farming community adapts to the vulnerability. To analyze various quantitative data related to social representation, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to explain community acceptance of the mining activities. Qualitative data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis, while four-quadrant analysis was employed in analyzing mining development, resistance, and community adaptation to vulnerability. The findings show that the shift in the village economy from agriculture to mining has been driven more by the government's massive infrastructure development policy since 1990 that sand mining has become an integral part of people's social lives, and people become so dependent on it. It has resulted in split public opinion regarding the mining activities. The people's contradictory views on mining have caused community resistance to be closed and cultural, not open and structural, that mining activities do not face many obstacles. As a result, their adaptation strategy to vulnerability is dominated by short-term reactive strategies rather than long-term anticipations to stabilise livelihoods. The current research illustrates that sand mining is inherent in the social system and harms the environment and social sustainability, especially on the community's weak opposition and low adaptability.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the adoption of greenhouse technology on pesticide and chemical fertiliser use among melon farmers in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Using a Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method, this research article compared farmers, who adopted greenhouse technology with a control group of nonadopters, considering various socio-demographic characteristics. Our analysis reveals that while greenhouse adoption tends to reduce the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers, these differences are not statistically significant. The study highlights the fact that the adoption of greenhouse technology has the potential to decrease the farmer’s reliance on chemical inputs and promote more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The findings underscore the importance of greenhouse technology in enhancing agricultural productivity while mitigating the negative impacts of conventional farming on the environment. This research article contributes to understanding how technological advancements can support sustainable farming practices in Indonesia.

Transformation adaptation arises due to increased deforestation and how communities around the forest adapt to sustain their lives. Uncertainty over forest area control can hinder the effectiveness of forest management. In order to accommodate the functions of protection and use of the economy in a balanced, the government has issued a policy on forest resource management since the Old Order era developed into the New Order era to the present era. This study aims to describe the development of community adaptation to changes in forest management patterns in Wajak District. The research was conducted in Wajak District, Malang Regency. The stages of data analysis in this qualitative research were carried out with interactive techniques, including data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing or verification. Researchers use two techniques, including triangulation (combined) from the type of source and technique triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the transformation of forest management patterns based on each transition period included planting, maintenance, profit sharing collection, processing and marketing of forest products, as well as the form of cooperation policies with Forest Village Community or Masyarakat Desa Hutan (MDH) in Wajak District. Transformation adaptation of community in forest areas changes in line with the Social Forestry policy. At present, this transformation has an impact that the community feels in terms of social, economic, and environmental aspects. Other impacts include open access to community development and empowerment programs, diverse community livelihoods, and environmental conservation in the forest.