The purpose of this research is to analyse the practices of virtual reality marketing in the Bali tourism sector in Indonesia. This is a qualitative and descriptive research with the purposive sampling method used to acquire data on Bali’s tourism components through in-depth interviews, observation, journals, and the Netnographic approach. The result showed hegemony in the practice of virtual reality marketing to tourists and potential consumers, using significant technology. The marketers practice the hegemony of virtual reality marketing on tourists and potential consumers. Tourism capitalism as a chain link in the tourism business can be integrated into marketing through virtual reality. This study acts as a guide to the application of virtual reality marketing and limited to Bali Province, Indonesia. Practically, it acts as a guide to the application of virtual reality marketing, with its social implication as a disconnection to tourism networks.

As a region that relies on the tourism sector as the priority then, when the Covid-19 pandemic hit the world, Bali became one of the most affected regions. Efforts are being made to drive the MSME sector in overcoming the financial crisis. The problem discussed was how the impact of MSMEs as the economy spearhead in the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The urgency of this research is to contribute to the practice of community empowerment through the MSME sector. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach, to explore and comprehensively describe the phenomena that occurred in the MSME sector. This research was conducted in Bali Province, the determination of informants was carried out purposively. The results showed that MSMEs had become the economy spearheaded during the pandemic, become a solution to economic growth, accommodated the process of quadrant shifting from tourism performer into MSME performer, implemented economy digitization at various stages, and business activities. The sharing economy pattern has been formed in MSME business practices, through various related business sectors. The findings of this study are (1) a change in the mindset of the people who initially had a mentality as workers, now have an entrepreneurial spirit, and (2) the application of the sharing economy as an exchange of values in the MSME sector. The limitation of the research is that the research location is only in one area. The social implication is that MSME becomes a solution to prevent the potential social vulnerability.

This study deals with changes in consumer behavior based on hedonic desires. The change from consumption to consumerism. This is done on the purchase of four-wheeled vehicles (cars). This research is expected to provide awareness and critical understanding to the public to buy products according to their abilities, not get caught in the capitalist trap. This study uses descriptive qualitative and interpretive, by involving consumers, car marketers, and financial agents as informants. The results show that there has been a transformation in the behavior of consumer societies based on the desire of hedonism that is influenced by global cultural imperialism, such as instant culture and consumerism behavior. Further research needs to be done on consumers in excessive consumption of other products.

Community political participation is a political process in an effort to determine state decisions and policies to improve the welfare of the community. This research was conducted in the context of community participation, particularly Jembrana Regency which has a variety of different characteristics of the community. Those specific characteristics of Jembrana Regency community are; 1) Geographical aspect which showing a very wide area distribution, 2) Population aspect which indicating the difficulty of reaching rural areas that are relatively far from the city center and government, 3) Sociological aspect which representing political euphoria that often creates tension from the preparation stage to the final stage of the election. The problems formulated in this study are the factors that become obstacles to community participation in the regional elections of Bali Province. This study uses a quantitative approach with data analysis techniques, namely factor analysis, which aims to find factors that become a barrier for society to choose their governor. The respondents taken were 260 people with stratified proportional random ampling technique, from 5 sub-districts. Data collection techniques are carried out by doing observation, distributing questionnaires, and documentation. The results of the study concluded that the factors that inhibit volunteers in regional head elections are; 1) Not competent, 2) Geographical, 3) Not independent.Partisipasi politik masyarakat merupakan proses politik dalam upaya menentukan keputusan dan kebijakan negara untuk menyejahterahkan masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam konteks partisipasi masyarakat, khususnya Kabupaten Jembrana yang memiliki ragam karakteristik masyarakat yang berbeda. Karakteristik khusus yang dimiliki masyarakat Kabupaten Jembrana adalah; 1) Aspek geografis, menunjukkan sebaran wilayah yang sangat luas, 2) Aspek kependudukan, menunjukkan sulitnya menjangkau wilayah pedesaan yang jaraknya relatif jauh dari pusat kota dan pemerintahan, 3) Aspek sosiologis, yang menunjukkan euphoria politik yang sering menimbulkan ketegangan dari tahap persiapan sampai ke tahap akhir pemilihan. Persoalan yang dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor yang menjadi penghambat partisipasi masyarakat pada pemilihan kepala daerah Provinsi Bali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencermati faktor penghambat partisipasi masyarakat pada pemilihan kepala daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan teknik analisis data yakni analisis faktor, yang bertujuan untuk mengkonfirmasi faktor penghambat masyarakat dalam memilih gubernur. Responden yang diambil sebanyak 260 responden dengan teknik stratified proportional random sampling, dan populasi sebanyak 225.725 dari 5 kecamatan. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi, menyebarkan kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor penghambat menjadi sukarelawan dalam pemilihan kepala daerah adalah; 1) Tidak memiliki kompetensi, 2) Geografis, 3) Tidak independen. Kontribusi penelitian adalah memberikan sumbangsih dalam kebijakan kepemiluan terutama dalam mengatasi rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat. Secara konseptual penelitian ini memberikan sumbangsih konsep tentang perubahan perilaku masyarakat dalam menggunakan hak pilihnya.