Modern aviation is one of the main consumers of petroleum-based fuels, consuming nearly 100 million gallons of fuel per year, and this consumption continues to grow. On the other hand, airlines have committed to achieving net-zero carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the industry by 2050. Fulfilling this commitment necessitates the investigation of new and the optimization of existing processes for the production of alternative, renewable, and environmentally safe feedstocks. This article was prepared as part of the research project “Development of Technological Solutions for Obtaining Composite Motor Fuels from Secondary Raw Materials to Enhance Energy Security”.

The operational efficiency, reliability, technical service life, and durability of aviation equipment are directly and proportionally determined by the rational selection and utilisation of aviation fuels and associated operating materials. Aviation fuel quality must be precisely matched to the operational conditions and technical requirements of the equipment in service. The use of substandard fuels results in degradation of reliability and reduction of service life, while the use of fuels exceeding the quality level prescribed for a given aircraft system leads to unjustified economic expenditure without a corresponding operational benefit. The reliability, technical resource, and durability of both civil and military aviation equipment can be assured through a high level of chemical reliability — defined as the capacity of aviation equipment to sustain required operational parameters through the consistent application of aviation fuels of a technically and economically justified quality grade. The present study conducts a comparative analysis of the physicochemical properties of aviation fuels of domestic and foreign production in accordance with the requirements of current ASTM and NATO standardisation documents, with the aim of identifying compliance gaps and informing rational fuel selection for aviation equipment operated under Ukrainian conditions.