The aim of this study is to examine the attitudes of students in secondary education institutions towards physical education and sports according to various variables. In this quantitative study, a survey model was used. The study group consists of students in secondary education institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education. The sampling group, which was determined by convenient sampling method, consists of 387 people in total, 174 girls and 213 boys. In the first part of the measurement tool consisting of two parts; there is a personal information form that includes questions about the demographic information of the participants such as gender, licensed sports status, participation in school sports, income and class. The second part involves the Attitude Scale on Physical Education and Sports (BESITO) developed by Deliceoğlu (2018) to measure the participants' attitudes towards physical education and sports. Normality tests were applied to the data obtained and it was assumed that the data showed normal distribution since Skewness and Kurtisos values were between -2 and +2. Later, independent sample (T-Test) and one-way variance (One-Way ANOVA) tests were applied. Welch values were taken into consideration for the data that did not show homogeneity in the One-Way ANOVA test, and Tukey HSD test, one of the Post Hoc tests, was applied as the second step test. The results obtained were evaluated at 0.05 significance level. While no significant difference was found depending on gender and income variables, a significant difference was found in the behavioural sub-dimension depending on the variable of being a licensed athlete. A statistically significant difference was found in both behavioural and Besito total scores according to participation in school sports. Finally, a statistically significant difference was found in the affective sub-dimension depending on the class variable. As a result, in the study in which we examined the attitudes of students in secondary education institutions towards physical education and sports, it was concluded that students' attitude scores may differ according to various variables.

Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin derslerde kullandıkları ders materyallerinin motivasyon düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırma deseni olarak nicel yaklaşımın tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama kapsamındaki karşılaştırma türü ilişki modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini üniversite eğitimine devam eden öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise uygulama ve teorik yapıda eğitim yöntemlerinin uygulandığı bölümlerde öğrenimlerine devam eden öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Örnekleme grupları uygun örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş olup çalışmaya 288 erkek, 219 kadın olmak üzere toplamda 507 kişi katılmıştır. Ölçme aracı olarak Keller’ın geliştirdiği, Dinçer ve Doğanay’ın uyarladığı Öğretim Materyali Motivasyon Ölçeği (ÖMMÖ) kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere Kolmogorov-Smirnov normallik testi uygulanmış olup elde edilen sonuçlar normal dağılım göstermemesine rağmen çarpıklık (Skewness) ve basıklık (Kurtosis) değerleri incelendiğinde -3 ila +3 arasında olmasından dolayı verilerin normal dağılıma sahip olduğu kabul edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ışığında elde edilen verilere bağımsız örneklem testi (T-testi) ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (One-Way ANOVA) uygulanmıştır. Veri analizi sonuçlarına göre verilerin homojenlik varsayımı sağlama durumuna bağlı olarak Welch değerleri dikkate alınmış ve ikinci seviye testi olarak Post Hoc testlerinden Games-Howell testi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular p<0.05 anlamlılık değerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Cinsiyet değişkenine bağlı olarak hem ÖMMÖ toplam puanları hem de alt boyutlarda anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmezken, fakülte değişkenine bağlı olarak gruplar arasında hem ÖMMÖ toplam puanları hem de alt boyutlarda anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaş değişkene bağlı olarak güven alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılığa rastlanmazken, diğer alt boyular arasında ve ÖMMÖ toplam puanlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık elde edilmiştir. Eğitim öğretim süreçlerinde kullanılan materyaller çeşitli değişkenlere göre motivasyonu etkilemektedir. Motivasyonu etkileyen unsurların belirlenerek tasarlanan öğretim modellerine entegre edilmesi daha sağlıklı bir öğretimin yapılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the course materials used by university students in their lessons on their motivation levels. As a research design, the comparison type relationship model within the scope of relational screening, one of the screening models öğrenof the quantitative approach, was used. The universe of the study consists of students who continue their university education. The sample group consists of students who continue their education in departments where educational methods in practice and theoretical structure are applied. Sampling groups were determined by convenient sampling method and a total of 507 people, 288 men and 219 women, participated in the study. Instructional Material Motivation Scale (IMMS), developed by Keller and adapted by Dinçer and Doğanay, was used as a measurement tool. Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied to the obtained data, and although the results obtained did not show a normal distribution, when the skewness and kurtosis values were examined, it was accepted that the data had a normal distribution because they were between -3 and +3. In the light of these results, independent sample test (T-test) and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were applied to the data obtained. According to the data analysis results, Welch values were taken into account depending on the homogeneity assumption of the data and the Games-Howell test, one of the Post Hoc tests, was applied as the second level test. The findings were evaluated according to the p<0.05 significance value. Depending on the gender variable, no significant difference was detected in both the total scores of IMMS and sub-dimensions, while there was a significant difference between the groups in both the total scores of IMMS and sub-dimensions depending on the faculty variable. While no significant difference was found in the confidence sub-dimension depending on the age variable, a statistically significant difference was found among the other sub-dimensions and in the total scores of IMMS. The materials used in education and training processes affect motivation according to various variables. Determining the factors affecting motivation and integrating them into the designed teaching models will contribute to a healthier teaching.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the job satisfaction levels of physical education and sport teachers according to various variables. Methodology: In this study, which employs a quantitative research method, the survey model was adopted. The population of the study comprises physical education and sports teachers, while the sample consists of physical education and sports teachers working in schools affiliated with the Kütahya Provincial Directorate of National Education. The sample group, which was determined by probabilistic simple random sampling method, consists of a total of 472 participants, 244 women and 228 men. ‘Job Satisfaction Scale’ was used to determine the job satisfaction levels of the participants. Independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were utilized to analyze the collected data. Considering the homogeneity assumption of the data, Welch values were evaluated, and the Tukey test, a type of Post Hoc test, was employed as a secondary-level analysis method. Results: Job satisfaction levels of physical education and sport teachers differ according to gender, marital status, staff status and working time variables. Conclusions: It was observed that female teachers, married teachers and permanent teachers had higher levels of job satisfaction, and new teachers had higher levels of motivation. On the other hand, contracted teachers and teachers working for a long time were found to have low job satisfaction. In order to increase teachers' job satisfaction, supportive policies specific to gender, marital status and working status should be developed.

The purpose of this study, the effect of the situated game teaching model through setplays, which is an innovative model, on basic motor skills was investigated. In addition to the applications within the scope of the current curriculum, educational games applied for 8 weeks were conducted with situated game teaching model through setplays and their effects on basic motor skills were examined. Experimental and control groups included 62 2nd grade students in the 2020-2021 academic year. For 8 weeks, children were made to play with situated game teaching model through setplays 2 days a week and 40 minutes each. The short form of the second version of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency Test (BOT-2) was used as a measurement tool. Prior to the applications, the first tests of both the experimental group and the control group were taken, and after the applications, the final tests of both groups were taken. After the normality test, repeated measures ANOVA and SIMPLE EFFECTS tests were applied for mixed measures at α=0.05 significance level to determine whether there was a difference between the basic motor development levels depending on the program applied to the study groups and the duration of the study. A statistically significant difference was found between the 6 subtests of BOT-2 (Fine Motor Sensitivity and Integrity, Balance, Running Speed and Agility, Hand-Arm Coordination, Power) and Total Motor Compound values. As a result, educational games applied and situated game teaching model through setplays positively affect basic motor skill levels. Keywords: Situated game teaching, model, setplays, motor development, physical education.

The aim of this study is to examine the spiritual intelligence levels of active soccer players according to various variables. A survey model was used in this quantitative study. The study group consisted of 517 football players actively playing football in the 1st Amateur League, Super Amateur League and Regional Amateur League. Snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to collect the data. The first part of the measurement tool, which consists of two parts, includes questions prepared for the demographic information of the participants. The second part includes the "Spiritual Intelligence Scale" adapted into Turkish by Erduran-Tekin & Ekşi (2019). Independent sample test (T-test) and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were applied to the data obtained. According to the results of the data analysis, Welch values were taken into consideration depending on the homogeneity assumption of the data and Tukey test, one of the Post Hoc tests, was applied as a second level test. The total score and sub-dimensions of spiritual intelligence differ statistically according to marital status, age, occupation, economic income and practicing sports. The fact that football players tell the problems they experience to the people around them (family members), the maturity that occurs in individuals with the advancement of age, the assurance and personal rights they have in the profession, having an economic income that they can feel comfortable and doing sports increase the level of spiritual intelligence. Keywords: Active sports participation, football, spiritual intelligence, 1st amateur league, 2nd amateur league, regional amateur league.