Healthcare, one of the most important industries, is data-oriented, but most of the research in this industry focuses on incorporating the internet of things (IoT) or connecting medical equipment. Very few researchers are looking at the data generated in the healthcare industry. Data are very important tools in this competitive world, as they can be integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) to promote sustainability. Healthcare data include the health records of patients, drug-related data, clinical trials data, data from various medical equipment, etc. Most of the data management processes are manual, time-consuming, and error-prone. Even then, different healthcare industries do not trust each other to share and collaborate on data. Distributed ledger technology is being used for innovations in different sectors including healthcare. This technology can be incorporated to maintain and exchange data between different healthcare organizations, such as hospitals, insurance companies, laboratories, pharmacies, etc. Various attributes of this technology, such as its immutability, transparency, provenance etc., can bring trust and security to the domain of the healthcare sector. In this paper, a decentralized access control model is proposed to enable the secure interoperability of different healthcare organizations. This model uses the Ethereum blockchain for its implementation. This model interfaces patients, doctors, chemists, and insurance companies, empowering the consistent and secure exchange of data. The major concerns are maintaining a history of the transactions and avoiding unauthorized updates in health records. Any transaction that changes the state of the data is reflected in the distributed ledger and can be easily traced with this model. Only authorized entities can access their respective data. Even the administrator will not be able to modify any medical records.

In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, all aspects of the industrial domain are being affected by emerging technologies. Digitalization of every process is taking place or under process. One of the most important components common to every domain is the supply chain process. Organizations employ a digital supply chain to track the delivery of their products or materials. The digital supply chain is still suffering from a few issues such as no provenance, less transparency, and a trust issue. Blockchain technology, one of the emerging technologies, can be integrated with the supply chain to deal with the existing issues and to improve its performance. In this paper, a model is proposed to integrate blockchain technology with the supply chain to improve performance. The proposed model uses the combination of the Ethereum blockchain and the interplanetary file system to maintain the traceability, transparency, and trustworthiness of the supply chain.

In the last few years, technological development has multiplied. New technologies are affecting almost every industry. One of these which noticed the abrupt change in their ecosystem is the healthcare industry. As this industry has a direct impact on the human lives so adoption of new technology is not so easy. Proper testing and trials are performed before amalgamating any new technology with the healthcare system. Emerging technologies are being employed to deliver better health-related services to patients. Different communication and information collection technologies are used to maintain and access patients' health data to authorized users. But with the employment of technology, health data security and privacy-related issues are increasing. Maintaining trust among multiple entities of the healthcare system is a challenging task. One emerging technology, distributed ledger technology (DLT), is creating some hope for resolving the fears mentioned above of the healthcare ecosystem. Attributes like Security, privacy and authentication can be enhanced by integrating this technology with the healthcare ecosystem. This study examines the role of distributed ledger technology in the healthcare system while highlighting how some aspects of this disruptive technology can completely alter current business practices. To achieve this, the theoretical foundations of numerous research papers published in prestigious scientific journals and several reports from industries are included in this survey. This helps to streamline our analysis and fully capture the constantly expanding blockchain domain. This survey also identifies several research holes and prospective areas for further study using these findings as a starting point. Both academics and practitioners should find great value in these discoveries. This survey presents a comprehensive evaluation of current DLT- supported approaches in the healthcare system. and provides benefits and limitations of the recent work. This survey also emphasizes the essential security needs for a healthcare ecosystem and discusses the security flaws with existing methods.

Due to the duplicity and inefficiencies in the current land registration system, the land records are not secured, and citizens face the brunt of this. Similar to this, thousands of people are dealing with this situation. Fraudsters use numerous faults in the current property registration process to swindle both the public and the government. The implementation of a secure land registration using Blockchain and majority consensus is examined in this study. The adoption of Blockchain by the land register significantly lowers security issues. Since each block is linked to the hash of the one before it, each block’s hash value will be unique. It uses a hashing algorithm known as SHA256. The security of the data linked with each transaction is improved by the Proof of Work (PoW) method with SHA256. Each hash in the message digest is fixed for all the blocks and represents the complete collection of transactions contained in these blocks. The responsibility for mining new blocks, chaining with existing Blockchain and validating transactions falls on a node. Hashes are used to link transactions together via merge trees, which requires less storage. Thus, a 99% decrease in the human record-keeping effort is offered by the suggested usage of Blockchain for land registration.

The most prevalent issue in the supply chain ecosystem is introducing transparency to the system. Another issue is fostering trust among various stakeholders to support successful process execution. Depending on the domain and the stakeholders, the supply chain process may change. Thus, solving the issue is challenging. Blockchain technology, sometimes referred to as distributed ledger technology, is beneficial in many ways in a variety of industries, including finance and healthcare. Blockchain based model can resolve the issues of traditional supply chain ecosystem. It creates a decentralized and transparent system where every decision is taken with the help of consensus of the associated stakeholders. This supports an immutable ledger so unauthorized modification is not supported. In this article, we address the issues that the supply chain ecosystem faces as well as the benefits of blockchain technology in resolving these issues. As well as some of the remaining challenges and opportunities, other aspects of blockchain technology are explored that will enable it flourish in future supply chains.

This book covers advances and applications of smart technologies including the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and deep learning in areas such as manufacturing, production, renewable energy, and healthcare. It also covers wearable and implantable biomedical devices for healthcare monitoring, smart surveillance, and monitoring applications such as the use of an autonomous drone for disaster management and rescue operations. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the areas such as electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, computer engineering, and information technology. • Covers concepts, theories, and applications of artificial intelligence and deep learning, from the perspective of the Internet of Things. • Discusses powers predictive analysis, predictive maintenance, and automated processes for making manufacturing plants more efficient, profitable, and safe. • Explores the importance of blockchain technology in the Internet of Things security issues. • Discusses key deep learning concepts including trust management, identity management, security threats, access control, and privacy. • Showcases the importance of intelligent algorithms for cloud-based Internet of Things applications. This text emphasizes the importance of innovation and improving the profitability of manufacturing plants using smart technologies such as artificial intelligence, deep learning, and the Internet of Things. It further discusses applications of smart technologies in diverse sectors such as agriculture, smart home, production, manufacturing, transport, and healthcare.