The post-buckling behavior of a hybrid functionally graded (FG) rectangular plate reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) is presented. The mathematical model developed based on transverse displacement variation of second-order in third-order shear deformation theory, hence referred to as modified third-order shear deformation theory (MTSDT). Transverse shear stress is imposed zero on top and bottom surface of plate. 2D C0 finite element (FE) formulation model developed based on MTSDT. Inhouse MATLAB code developed of present FE formulation. The rectangular plates consist of matrix material, fiber, and CNT as reinforcement material. The grading of fiber material in the thickness direction ensured using a power–law distribution. The material characteristics of the hybrid FG plates predicted using the Halpin-Tsai equation and the rule of mixing technique. No shear correction factor is required due to realistic parabolic behavior considered in the present work. The comparison study results of the present model are in good agreement with the published work. After confirming the accuracy of the present model a parametric study was carried outd to check the influence of different parameters.

Concrete remains a mainstay among construction materials despite ongoing improvements to enhance its environmental friendliness and effectiveness. This study explores the effects of adding quartz and eggshell powder to concrete. The experimental investigation measures concrete samples’ compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7, 28, and 90 days. Concrete mixes with varying percentages of quartz powder and eggshell powder and their combinations were prepared and tested. The findings show that using quartz and eggshell powder improves the strength characteristics of concrete, with several mixtures performing better than conventional concrete. The examination of experimental data highlights the potential of these supplementary materials to enhance the sustainability and durability of concrete structures. It provides valuable insights into the mechanisms contributing to the strength improvement. These results advance the field of construction materials by contributing to ongoing efforts to create high-performance, environmentally friendly concrete compositions.

The present paper investigates the axial and shear buckling analysis of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced multiscale functionally graded material (FGM) plate. Modified third-order deformation theory (MTSDT) with transverse displacement variation is used. CNT materials are assumed to be uniformly distributed, and ceramic fibers are graded according to a power-law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. The effective material properties are obtained using the Halpin–Tsai equation and Voigt rule of the mixture approach. A MATLAB code is developed using nine noded iso-parametric elements containing 13 nodal unknowns at each node. The shear correction factor is eliminated in the present model, and top and bottom transverse shear stresses are imposed null to derive higher-order unknowns. Comparisons of the present results with those available in the literature confirm the accuracy of the existing model. The effects of material components, plate sizes, loading types, and boundary conditions on the critical buckling load are investigated. For the first time, the critical buckling loads of CNT-reinforced multiscale FGM rectangular plates with diverse boundary conditions are given, and they can be used as future references.

This article represents the free vibration analysis of multiscale functionally graded plates, reinforced with a carbon nanotube. The modified third-order shear deformation theory with a variation in transverse displacement is employed in the present work. MATLAB code is developed for C0 finite element (FE) formulation. A rectangular nine-noded element containing 117 nodal unknowns at each element was considered. The top and bottom transverse shear stress of the plate is considered zero. No shear correction factor is required in the present model. In this study, the FGM plates are assumed to be reinforced with MWCNT and SWCNT and also graded with fibre material throughout the thickness. The effective elastic properties of the multiscale composite plate are estimated by the combination of the Halpin–Tsai equation and the homogenisation scheme. The effects of various parameters such as the volume fraction of fibre material, a/h ratio, aspect ratio and weight percentage of both types of CNTs on frequency are studied.