Objective: The objective of this study was to identify potential robust acoustic biomarkers for functional post-thyroidectomy voice disorder (PTVD) that may support early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies, using acoustic analysis and explainable machine learning methods. Methods: Spectral and cepstral features were extracted from /a/ and /i/ voice recordings collected preoperatively and 4–6 weeks postoperatively from a total of 126 patients. Various Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Boosting models were trained. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied to enhance interpretability. SHAP values from training and test sets were compared via scatter plots to identify stable candidate biomarkers with high consistency. Results: GentleBoost (AUC = 0.85) and LogitBoost (AUC = 0.81) demonstrated the highest classification performance. Performance metrics across all models were evaluated for statistical significance. DeLong’s test was conducted to assess differences between ROC curves. The features iCPP, aCPP, and aHNR were identified as stable candidate biomarkers, exhibiting consistent SHAP distributions in both training and test sets in terms of direction and magnitude. These features showed statistically significant correlations with PTVD (p < 0.05) and demonstrated strong effect sizes (Cohen’s d = −2.95, −1.13, −0.60). Their diagnostic relevance was further supported by post hoc power analyses (iCPP: 1.00; aCPP: 0.998). Conclusions: SHAP-supported machine learning models offer an objective and clinically meaningful approach for evaluating PTVD. The identified features may serve as potential biomarkers to guide individualized voice therapy decisions during the early postoperative period.

Capparis ovata contains alkaloids, lipids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and also is rich in antioxidants. Conventionally, in Turkey, the flower buds, root, bark, and fruits of C. ovata are used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatism, tonic, and diuretic effects. The aim of this study was to examine the effect on wound healing of C. ovata seed oil (COSO), which is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. In the study, 20 Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into two groups of 10 animals each. A standard full-thickness skin defect was created on the back area of the rats. In both groups, after cleaning the wounds with saline daily, no active substance other than saline was applied to the control group, while 1 cc/day COSO was applied to the wounds of the rats in the study group. On the post-operative 14^th day, the rats were reanesthetized and wound area measurements were made. Then, excision was performed to include 1 cm of intact tissue around the wound, which remained unhealed, and samples were taken for histopathological examination. The changes in wound areas showed that after 14 days, the improvement in the group treated with caper oil (32.78; 95% confidence interval, 17.21–48.36) was significantly higher than that of the control group (65.41; 95% confidence interval, 49.84–80.98) (p=0.009). The histopathological scores showed a significant difference between the groups in respect of epithelial formation, inflammation, and fibrosis development. No epithelial tissue formation was observed in the control group (90%), and more incomplete re-epithelization and focal epidermal hyperplasia were observed in the treatment group (60%). Fibrosis development was mild and weak (70%) in the control group and was evaluated as severe and intense (60%) in the treatment group. Perivascular edema was mild (50%) and vascularity was immature (60% – an indicator of neovascularization) in the treatment group. These histopathological results showed that the treatment group inflammation phase was completed and the proliferation phase started, as well as the effectiveness of the use of caper oil on epithelization, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, which are important histopathological parameters in the evaluation of wound healing compared to the control group. From the results of this study, it was concluded that COSO significantly enhances the healing of full-thickness skin wounds and this effect is primarily related to its anti-inflammatory effect.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of action of artichoke leaf extract in hepatic ischemia/ reperfusion injury. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups such as sham, control, and artichoke leaf extract groups. Antioxidant enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were examined from the tissue and serum obtained from the subjects. Histopathological findings were scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS: Statistically, the antioxidant activity was highest in the artichoke leaf extract group, the difference in biochemical parameters and C-reactive protein was significant compared with the control group, and the histopathological positive effects were found to be significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, artichoke leaf extract had a hepatoprotective effect and that this effect was related to the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of artichoke.

BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations in emergency general surgery (EGS) cases in the USA have increased by 28% since 2001. The costs of these cases are estimated to increase by 45% annually until 2060, reaching 41.20 billion dollars. According to the literature, the general surgery clinic team allocates an average of 5.5 h a day for emergency room consultations. The aim of this study is to deter-mine the effects of consultations from the emergency room in our country on the EGS approach and to create appropriate solution proposals with the data obtained from the regional hospitals.METHODS: The source of the data in our study is the number of EGS cases presented by 10 regional hospitals at the Central Ana-tolia regional meetings of The Turkish Association of Trauma and Emergency Surgery between 2017 and 2020. MATLAB R2021b (The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) and SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) programs were used for data analysis and graphics creation. RESULTS: The hospitalization/consultation rate was evaluated as the success of the doctors working at the emergency department in recognizing EGS cases; the average value was 20.15% across all hospitals. The surgery/emergency hospitalization rate, which shows rate of the hospitalized patients underwent surgery, is 59.17% when all centers are taken into account. The rate of surgery/admission in acute cholecystitis (ACC) cases is 31.49% for all centers. It is seen that the hospitalization/consultation rate decreases with the increase in hospital workload. The rate of laparoscopic/total appendectomy is 22.78% across all centers. There is a correlation be-tween acute appendicitis cases and EGS consultation numbers, but there is no correlation between laparoscopic appendectomy and consultation numbers. In addition, it is seen that medical follow-up is preferred in ACC cases in centers where the consultation burden is increased; cholecystectomy is preferred at a higher rate in centers where the consultation burden is less. National EGS systems are needed and tried to be developed to improve the approach and outcomes of EGS patients worldwide.CONCLUSION: It is considered essential to establish a national EGS maintenance system that coordinates country resources and optimizes outcomes.