Advancement in remote sensing technology and microwave sensors explores the applications of remote sensing in different fields. Microwave remote sensing encompasses its benefits of providing cloud-free, all-weather images and images of day and night. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images own this capability which promoted the use of SAR and PolSAR images in land use/land cover classification and various other applications for different purposes. A review of different polarimetric decomposition techniques for classification of different regions is introduced in the paper. The general objective of the paper is to help researchers in identifying a deep learning technique appropriate for SAR or PolSAR image classification. The architecture of deep networks which ingest new ideas in the given area of research are also analysed in this paper. Benchmark datasets used in microwave remote sensing have been discussed and classification results of those data are analysed. Discussion on experimental results on one of the benchmark datasets is also provided in the paper. The paper discusses challenges, scope and opportunities in research of SAR/PolSAR images which will be helpful to researchers diving into this area.

Research in the medical imaging field using deep learning approaches has become progressively contingent. Scientific findings reveal that supervised deep learning methods’ performance heavily depends on training set size, which expert radiologists must manually annotate. The latter is quite a tiring and time-consuming task. Therefore, most of the freely accessible biomedical image datasets are small-sized. Furthermore, it is challenging to have big-sized medical image datasets due to privacy and legal issues. Consequently, not a small number of supervised deep learning models are prone to overfitting and cannot produce generalized output. One of the most popular methods to mitigate the issue above goes under the name of data augmentation. This technique helps increase training set size by utilizing various transformations and has been publicized to improve the model performance when tested on new data. This article surveyed different data augmentation techniques employed on mammogram images. The article aims to provide insights into basic and deep learning-based augmentation techniques.

Breast cancer is one of the most common death causes amongst women all over the world. Early detection of breast cancer plays a critical role in increasing the survival rate. Various imaging modalities, such as mammography, breast MRI, ultrasound and thermography, are used to detect breast cancer. Though there is a considerable success with mammography in biomedical imaging, detecting suspicious areas remains a challenge because, due to the manual examination and variations in shape, size, other mass morphological features, mammography accuracy changes with the density of the breast. Furthermore, going through the analysis of many mammograms per day can be a tedious task for radiologists and practitioners. One of the main objectives of biomedical imaging is to provide radiologists and practitioners with tools to help them identify all suspicious regions in a given image. Computer-aided mass detection in mammograms can serve as a second opinion tool to help radiologists avoid running into oversight errors. The scientific community has made much progress in this topic, and several approaches have been proposed along the way. Following a bottom-up narrative, this paper surveys different scientific methodologies and techniques to detect suspicious regions in mammograms spanning from methods based on low-level image features to the most recent novelties in AI-based approaches. Both theoretical and practical grounds are provided across the paper sections to highlight the pros and cons of different methodologies. The paper’s main scope is to let readers embark on a journey through a fully comprehensive description of techniques, strategies and datasets on the topic.