The implementation of artificial intelligence techniques and tools in the media will systematically and continuously alter their work and that of their professionals during the coming decades. To this end, this article carries out a systematic review of the research conducted on the implementation of AI in the media over the last two decades, particularly empirical research, to identify the main social and epistemological challenges posed by its adoption. For the media, increased dependence on technological platforms and the defense of their editorial independence will be the main challenges. Journalists, in turn, are torn between the perceived threat to their jobs and the loss of their symbolic capital as intermediaries between reality and audiences, and a liberation from routine tasks that subsequently allows them to produce higher quality content. Meanwhile, audiences do not seem to perceive a great difference in the quality and credibility of automated texts, although the ease with which texts are read still favors human authorship. In short, beyond technocentric or deterministic approaches, the use of AI in a specifically human field such as journalism requires a social approach in which the appropriation of innovations by audiences and the impact it has on them is one of the keys to its development. Therefore, the study of AI in the media should focus on analyzing how it can affect individuals and journalists, how it can be used for the proper purposes of the profession and social good, and how to close the gaps that its use can cause.

Since its appearance in 2018, TikTok has become one of the most popular social media platforms among digital natives because of its algorithm-based engagement strategies, a policy of public accounts, and a simple, colorful, and intuitive content interface. As happened in the past with other platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, various media are currently seeking ways to adapt to TikTok and its particular characteristics to attract a younger audience less accustomed to the consumption of journalistic material. Against this background, the aim of this study is to identify the presence of the media and journalists on TikTok, measure the virality and engagement of the content they generate, describe the communities created around them, and identify the presence of journalistic use of these accounts. For this, 23,174 videos from 143 accounts belonging to media from 25 countries were analyzed. The results indicate that, in general, the presence and impact of the media in this social network are low and that most of their content is oriented towards the creation of user communities based on viral content and entertainment. However, albeit with a lesser presence, one can also identify accounts and messages that adapt their content to the specific characteristics of TikTok. Their virality and engagement figures illustrate that there is indeed a niche for current affairs on this social network.

Introducción: El debate de sobre las vacunas contra el Covid-19 ha estado muy presente en las redes sociales desde el mismo inicio de la crisis sanitaria, en un contexto de infodemia en el que la presencia de todo tipo de informaciones ha sido un caldo de cultivo para la desinformación o las noticias falseadas. Metodología: En este contexto, este artículo busca medir y caracterizar la conversación sobre las vacunas contra el Covid-19 en la red social Twitter. Para ello, se han analizado 62.045 tuits y 258.843 retuits de partidarios y detractores de la vacuna entre diciembre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. Resultados: El inicio de la campaña de vacunación fue el punto de inflexión en el que los discursos provacunas comenzaron a ser mayoritarios frente a los antivacunas. Los grupos antivacunas se caracterizan por ser clústeres fuertemente cohesionados, con un apreciable nivel de actividad, pero con menor capacidad para viralizar contenidos. Conclusiones y discusión: Los discursos antivacunas tienden a apoyarse en medios alternativos o contenidos compartidos en redes sociales, lo que corrobora que la información de calidad constituye una de las principales medidas contra la desinformación. Se pone de manifiesto también el rol de los medios periodísticos de calidad (legacy media) y la conveniencia de ahondar en el desarrollo de políticas contra la desinformación específicas para el tipo de conversación digital que se desarrolla en Twitter.

The potential of social media to create open, collaborative and participatory spaces allows young women to engage and empower themselves in political and social activism. In this context, the objective of this research is to analyze the polarization in the debate at the intersection between the defense of feminism and transsexuality, preferably among the young public, symbolized in the use of the term “TERF”. To do this, the existing communities on Twitter and TikTok on this subject have been analyzed with Social Network Analysis techniques, and the presence of young people in them. The results indicate that the debates between both networks are not very cohesive, with a highly modularized structure that suggests isolation of each community in itself. For this reason, it can be considered that the debate on sexual identity has resulted in a strong polarization of feminist activism in social media. Likewise, the positions of transinclusive feminism are very majority among young people, which reinforces the idea of an ideological debate that can also be understood in a generational perspective. Finally, a differential use between both social networks has been identified, where TikTok is a less partisan and more dialogical network than Twitter, which leads to discussions and participation in a more neutral tone.El potencial de las redes sociales para crear espacios abiertos, colaborativos y participativos ha permitido involucrar y empoderar a las mujeres jóvenes en el activismo político y social. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación se centra en el análisis de la polarización que se produce en el debate de las redes sociales en la intersección entre la defensa del feminismo y de la transexualidad, preferentemente entre el público joven, simbolizada en el uso del calificativo «TERF». Para ello, se han analizado las comunidades existentes en Twitter y TikTok mediante técnicas de Análisis de Redes Sociales, y la presencia de los y las jóvenes en ellas. Los resultados indican que los debates en ambas redes son poco cohesivos, con una estructura altamente modularizada que sugiere aislamiento de cada comunidad en sí misma. Por todo ello, puede considerarse que el debate sobre la identidad sexual tiene como resultado una fuerte polarización del activismo feminista en las redes sociales. Asimismo, las posturas del feminismo transinclusivo son muy mayoritarias entre las personas jóvenes, lo que refuerza la idea de un debate ideológico en el seno del movimiento feminista que también puede entenderse en clave generacional. Por último, ha podido constatarse un uso diferencial entre ambas redes sociales, donde TikTok se muestra en esta temática como una red menos partisana y más dialógica que Twitter, pues conduce a discusiones y participaciones en un tono más neutro.

Media organizations are immersed in a significant process of technological, professional and business restructuring driven by multimedia convergence and the impact of social media. Regardless of their size and scope, they are becoming increasingly aware of the need to enhance their multiplatform delivery strategies and respond more closely to their audiences’ needs and interests. Professionals working for these organizations therefore must cope with, and learn to thrive in, convergent media environments that call for a high level of cooperative effort and multitasking. These requirements seem to be even higher with regard to online journalism, a sector exposed to continual technological change and oriented towards the development of content in a variety of formats. In the light of this scenario and the recent debates regarding the best way to keep journalism training up to date, this article offers a subject-based case study to examine the challenges involved in incorporating convergence and social media into journalism university curricula. By means of a mix of data methods, the study focuses on the planning, practices and ramifications of a specific course on online journalism newswriting and reporting. The conclusions provide a critical discussion of the objectives and tools used by educators in the classroom and discuss the appropriateness of courses devoted to online journalism for preparing future journalists to cope with daily newsroom challenges resulting from media convergence and social media content production.

The adaptation of traditional newspapers to new digital media and its interface, far from being a mere technical transformation, has contributed to a gradual change in the media themselves and their audiences. With a sample including the top general information pay newspaper in each of the 28 countries of the European Union, this research has carried out an analysis using 17 indicators divided in 4 categories. The aim is to identify the transformations that the implementation of digital media have brought to the top European newspapers. In general terms, the results show that most dailies have managed to keep their leadership also in online environment. Moreover, an emerging group of global media is growing up, based in preexisting national media. Digital and mobile media have contributed to the appearance of new consumption habits as well, where users read more superficially and sporadically. The audience uses several formats at a time, and digital devices already bring the biggest amount of users to many media. The Internet-created new information windows –search engines, social networks, etc. –are also contributing to the change in professional work routines.La adaptación de los medios de comunicación tradicionales a los nuevos soportes digitales y su interfaz, lejos de constituir un mero ajuste técnico, ha contribuido a una paulatina transformación de los propios medios y sus audiencias. En una muestra integrada por los diarios de información general y de pago líderes en los 28 países de la UE, y mediante el análisis de 17 indicadores distribuidos en cuatro categorías, este artículo busca identificar las transformaciones que la implantación de los soportes digitales han provocado en las principales cabeceras de la prensa europea. En términos generales, los resultados de la investigación señalan que la mayoría de los diarios no sólo han logrado mantener su liderazgo en la Red, sino que en algunos casos también se está alumbrando un incipiente conjunto de medios globales a partir de medios nacionales preexistentes. Los soportes digitales y móviles también han favorecido la aparición de nuevos hábitos de consumo, caracterizados por una lectura más esporádica y superficial por parte de los usuarios, y han configurado una audiencia que ya en muchos casos es multisoporte, y donde los dispositivos digitales aportan ya la mayoría de lectores a muchos medios. Asimismo, las nuevas ventanas de acceso a la información –buscadores, redes sociales, etc.– generadas por Internet, también están contribuyendo decisivamente al cambio de las rutinas y las formas de trabajo de los propios medios.