Indonesia currently has 269 million people or 3.49% of the world’s total population and is ranked as the fourth most populous country in the world. Analysis by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing of Indonesia in 2010 shows that Java’s biocapacity is already experiencing a deficit. Therefore, optimization needs to be done to reduce deficits. This study aims to optimize and assess spatial allocation accuracy based on land-use/land cover suitability. In this study, the ecological footprint (EF) is utilized as a spatial allocation assessment based on physiological needs. The concept of land suitability aims for optimal and sustainable land use. Moreover, the land suitability model was conducted using the support vector machine (SVM). SVM is used to find the best hyperplane by maximizing the distance between classes. A hyperplane is a function that can be used to separate land-use/land cover types. The land suitability model’s overall-accuracy model was 86.46%, with a kappa coefficient value of 0.812. The final results show that agricultural land, plantations, and pastureland are still experiencing deficits, but there is some reduction. The deficit reduction for agricultural land reached 510,588.49 ha, 18,986.14 ha for plantations, and 1015.94 ha for pastures. The results indicate that the SVM algorithm is efficient in mapping the land-use suitability and optimizing spatial allocation.

Jasa ekosistem merupakan manfaat yang diperoleh manusia dari ekosistem. Maraknya tuntutan untuk melaksanakan pembangunan berkelanjutan, kebutuhan terhadap informasi jasa ekosistem semakin meningkat sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam berbagai kebijakan dan perencanaan pembangunan. Salah satu pemanfaatan informasi jasa ekosistem adalah untuk pengelolaan lingkungan dan sumber daya alam, serta perencanaan tata ruang. Menjawab kebutuhan tersebut, beberapa peneliti telah mengembangkan berbagai metode dalam menyediakan informasi jasa ekosistem. Metode yang seringkali digunakan adalah penyusunan peta jasa ekosistem menggunakan pendekatan yang diperoleh dari data tutupan lahan. Metode ini dinilai cukup efektif dan efisien dari sisi biaya dan waktu, khususnya untuk wilayah kajian di skala global, regional dan nasional, mengingat data tutupan lahan pada skala tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan mudah. Namun beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa kekurangan dari metode tersebut adalah akurasi hasilnya belum mumpuni, tetapi dapat diatasi melalui kombinasi dari beberapa variabel yang dapat menjelaskan hubungan antara proses ekosistem dengan jasa yang dihasilkannya. Paper ini mengkaji pendapat para ahli tersebut, dan secara khusus membahas perbandingan hasil peta jasa ekosistem yang disusun melalui pertimbangan para ahli terhadap potensi jasa ekosistem pada tutupan lahan dan kombinasi antara tutupan lahan dan ekoregion. Pembobotan jasa ekosistem terhadap tutupan lahan dan ekoregion dilakukan melalui Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dengan metode perhitungan pairwise comparison. Wilayah studi kasus yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pulau Jawa, sedangkan jenis jasa ekosistem yang dianalisis adalah penyedia pangan. Hasil dari perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks jasa ekosistem yang dihasilkan dari kombinasi tutupan lahan dan ekoregion menghasilkan peta jasa ekosistem yang lebih akurat informasinya secara kualitatif.

Sustainable city planning is one of many countries' 2030 sustainable development goals. In carrying out sustainable urban planning, it is necessary to look at the 3D aspect of the building. However, 3D mapping for large areas is very expensive. So we need an alternative to make three-dimensional buildings in urban areas that are cheaper. This study will review how well the three-dimensional reconstruction of urban areas uses open-source data from the Indonesian National Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS) with a spatial resolution of 8 meters. This study found that the RMSE value of the DEMNAS 3D model reached 2.320 meters with the optimum 3-dimensional reconstruction at a medium building height around 5-7 meters. Three-dimensional modelling with DEMNAS will be good in relatively flat areas. This research hope can help better and lower cost sustainable city planning.

Java Island has experienced rapid population growth in the past four decades. Along with population growth, human needs are also increasing. This is also driven by economic and social growth. However, land resources to meet population needs are becoming increasingly limited. Human needs change ecosystems by creating ecological pressures, such as land cover change, resource extraction and depletion, and emissions pollution. Thus, sustainable land use planning is needed to meet human needs in the future. Furthermore, It is necessary to consider the suitability of the land in land use planning. In this paper, a suitability evaluation method was developed, which synthetically considered the topographic, meteorological, ecoregion, and water supply conditions. The suitability evaluation model is developed using Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify various designations. SVM training algorithm aims to find a hyperplane that separates the dataset into a discrete predefined number of classes in a fashion consistent with the training examples. The term optimal hyperplane is used to refer to the decision boundary that minimizes misclassifications, obtained in the training step. Model calibration and validation were performed based on the land-use status in 2016. Subsequently, the validated simulations were conducted based on the planning scenarios. This model is expected to be implemented in the short-term and long-term land planning scenarios, respectively. This study provides a synthetic suitability evaluation method for creating a land-use planning scenario, which overcomes the shortcoming of the traditional way of assigning land-use scenarios that being lack of objectivity.

Spatial modelling using multi-scale grid system is adopted to determine the threshold and distribution pattern of regional carrying capacity. Water-provisioning service is used as a quantitative approach. Closed system was applied in which it was based solely on the potential of existing resources in the region without taking in to account the flow of material in or out of the system. Steps being taken include the distribution of water demand – of land and domestics – and supply; and the determination of carrying capacity status based on the threshold of water-provisioning services. A grid system with 5″×5″ resolution is used to accommodate the various sets and scale, of data. The result shows, 82.29% of Sumedang Regency; 68.43% of Cimahi City; 61.29% of Bandung City; 60.51% of Bandung Barat Regency; and 57.34% of Bandung Regency are still able to fulfil the demands of the population.