Distinct studies showed a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict management. However, there is a lack of research on how teachers’ emotional intelligence influences conflict management in the classroom. Since much more needs to be learned about how teachers’ emotional skills related to classroom practice, this research has emerged, and the purpose went to examine how teachers’ emotional intelligence influences classroom conflict management. Moreover, the relationship between gender, teaching experience, and academic training with teachers’ emotional intelligence was also analyzed. The sample comprised of 382 Portuguese teachers. The Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire for Teachers, the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II—Portuguese Version in School Context, and a personal and professional data inquiry were been used as instruments. Structural equation modeling showed that teachers who tend to have higher levels of emotional intelligence employ more integrating and compromising strategies for conflict management, therefore constructively managing conflict in the classroom. In light of these findings, emotional skill programs should be included in teachers’ academic training to promote their emotional intelligence and give them tools to constructively manage classroom conflict.

Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are considered two of the most fundamental teachers’ characteristics to create positive effects on students. Recent research on teacher efficacy has turned from a focus on mastery of content area and lesson plan development to the identification of teacher beliefs and the emotional self-regulation required for teaching and student learning. The purpose of this research was examined whether emotional intelligence abilities influence teacher efficacy. The relationship between teacher gender, length of teaching experience and academic formation with emotional intelligence abilities is also analyzed. The sample comprised 634 Portuguese school teachers. Data sources included the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire for Teachers, and the Teacher Efficacy in Classroom Management and Discipline Scale. The findings, using structural equation modeling, showed that school teachers with greater skills at perceiving, understanding, expressing, classifying, managing and regulating emotions demonstrated greater levels of teacher efficacy. Therefore teachers’ emotional intelligence abilities positively influence teacher efficacy. Having teachers who are apt to perceive and manage emotions will be salutary for the personal development of students, as well as for structuring a positive and self-regulating learning environment. So the results support the teachers’ emotional intelligence ability to job performance, and add to literature suggesting that to succeed in the complex and demanding school setting, teachers must develop the necessary emotional skills for enhancing their efficacy. This research contributes to the importance of being created in the teachers’ academic training, the emotional education discipline.

Abstract In recent years, several studies have revealed multiple benefits of teachers' emotional intelligence (EI) with respect to their professional performance, the teaching and learning process, students' school performance, job satisfaction, reduction of stress and burnout, and the importance of interpersonal relationships at school. However, few studies have explored how teachers’ (EI) skills affect their effectiveness in teaching and classroom management. In this sense, the aim of this study was twofold: examined the relationship between teacher’s EI capacities, teacher efficacy, and classroom management effectiveness, and analyzed the relationship between teacher’s characteristics (gender) and professional background (service time and academic formation) and teachers’ EI capacities. 634 Portuguese teachers filled out a form with personal and professional data and answered an adaptation of the Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire, and the Teacher Efficacy in Classroom Management and Discipline Scale. Structured Equation Model analyses were recorded and showed that teachers who tended to have higher levels of ability to perceive, express and manage emotions reported higher levels of teacher effectiveness and classroom management effectiveness, and more ability to cope with emotions. Keywords: Teacher’s, Emotional Intelligence Capacities, Teacher Efficacy, Classroom Management Efficacy. Resumen En los últimos años, diversos estudios revelaron múltiples beneficios de la inteligencia emocional (IE) de los maestros con respecto a su desempeño profesional, el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes, su satisfacción laboral, la reducción del estrés y el agotamiento, y la importancia de las relaciones interpersonales en la escuela. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han investigado cómo las capacidades de IE de los maestros afectan su efectividad en la enseñanza y el manejo del aula. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue doble: examinar la relación entre las capacidades de IE del maestro, su eficacia en la enseñanza y su eficacia en la gestión del aula; y analizar la relación entre las características del maestro (género), su formación profesional (tiempo de servicio y formación académica) y sus capacidades de IE. 634 maestros portugueses completaron un formulario con datos personales y profesionales, y respondieron una adaptación del Cuestionario de Habilidades Emocionales y Competencia, y la Escala de Eficacia del Maestro en el Manejo del Aula y la Disciplina. Los análisis del modelo de ecuaciones estructuradas mostraron que los maestros que tienden a tener niveles más altos de capacidad para percibir, expresar y manejar las emociones mostraron niveles más altos de eficacia docente y niveles más altos de eficacia en el manejo del aula; y, más capacidad para manejar las emociones.   Palabras clave: Maestros, Inteligencia Emocional, Eficacia del Maestro, Eficacia de la Gestión del Aula.

Academic procrastination, more than merely postponing tasks, represents a significant failure in the self-regulation process of learning. Research on study skills highlights academic time management as one of the crucial elements of learning strategies and sustainable education. These abilities will help achieve the fourth goal of the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how students plan time management in school activities and its influence on study procrastination, analyzing differences between genders and the hours students spend studying. The Time Management Planning Inventory, the Study Procrastination Questionnaire, and a personal and school data sheet were used. A sample of 506 students (M_age = 13.7) from basic schools in northern Portugal was utilized. The results revealed that gender and study hours significantly influence how students plan time management for school tasks in the short and long term. These variables also showed a significant impact on the procrastination of study activities. The practical implications of this study are substantial, as they provide educators and researchers with insights into the factors influencing academic procrastination and the role of time management planning and study hours. These insights can be applied to develop effective strategies to reduce academic procrastination and promote sustainable education.

It has been postulated that emotions play essential roles in conflict situations and that excessive expression of emotions or inappropriate display can reduce the capacity to manage conflict. However, there is a lack of research that relates teachers’ emotion-regulation ability to managing conflict. To bridge this gap, this pilot study aimed to examine the relationships between teachers’ emotion-regulation ability and conflict management strategies used in the classroom. The sample consisted of 878 teachers (61% women) working in Portuguese schools, which completed an application of Mayer and Salovey’s emotional intelligence model and Rahim’s model of conflict management. Using the structural equation modeling, findings revealed that the teachers who tend to show a greater ability to regulate emotions use mainly integrating and compromising strategies to manage classroom conflicts more frequently than other strategies. In conclusion, it is necessary to create a curriculum in the pre-service teachers’ education programs that includes emotional education, so that they can acquire emotional regulation skills, due to their importance in classroom conflict management.