This study investigates the problems of convergence between objectives of agricultural producers and consumers. It states that nowadays, increasingly often, the farmers’ products have no market price (are not marketed) but are either demanded by the society (positive externalities) or the society is interested in discontinuing their production (negativeexternalities). This study also outlines the key problems that arise from costs and benefits associated with agricultural externalities. The social costs that may be generated by modernagriculture, and the solutions used to restrict the same, were covered by this analysis. The literature on the subject and the Polish FADN databases were used. It was found thatfarms of environmentally friendly producers failed to collect enough payments to compensate for running a green business.

Undoubtedly, the COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on every aspect of human life, and, perhaps most significantly, on the operation of the world’s economy. Restrictions and limitations on freedom of movement had a clear impact on the ways in which companies and households functioned, and consumer behaviors and purchasing habits were demonstrably influenced in turn. Thus, the aim of this article is to illustrate these changes in light of the pandemic and, moreover, to highlight the related challenges pertaining to purchasing practices and consumer concerns. The study sample focused on students from Poland and Turkey, with data gathered using an online survey method. The resulting data were subsequently analyzed with the SPSS 26 program. The application of Pearson Chi-Square methods, as well as the analysis of descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency, revealed significant differences between the two countries. As a result of the comparative analysis, clear differences were demonstrated in the nature of changes in consumer behavior between respondents from Turkey and Poland, most strikingly, the fact that the purchasing habits of respondents in Turkey have changed to a greater extent. It has been observed that limitations imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic had a greater impact on consumer behavior, particularly for students in Turkey.

The paper attempts to identify key factors related to the use of agricultural land affecting the preservation of biodiversity in rural areas. Indicators for the share of permanent grassland, fallow land and set aside land and ecological areas in the structure of agricultural land were used. The work is descriptive and is intended to contribute to further consideration in this research area. It was found that the structure of agricultural land can affect the level of biodiversity in rural areas.

Despite growing consumer interest, the supply of organic products in many countries has not kept pace with increasing demand. This is occurring alongside significant changes in the number of organic farms, the area they occupy, and their production volumes. This study provides fundamental insights into organic agriculture within the European Union and globally. The objective was to assess the current state and development trends in organic farming, with a particular focus on EU countries. The analysis considered fully organic farms – those in which the entire utilized agricultural area (UAA) and/or the entire livestock population has been converted or is in the process of being converted to organic practices. The study utilized data from reports by FiBL, FADN, and FAO on organic agriculture for the period 2012–2022. Findings indicate that, over the past decade, organic farming has exhibited a strong upward growth trend worldwide. Additionally, many countries have experienced a significant rise in organic food consumption, driven by increasing consumer awareness of food quality. While organic farming and the organic food industry present viable solutions for environmental protection, the current production system may not be universally applicable to all countries in its present form.

This study aims to investigate the determinants of green smartphone application adoption among users. The study employs content richness model and modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as well as extrinsic constructs such as customisation and environmental concerns. A quantitative approach using a survey is utilised by collecting 700 responses. The data is analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and three machine learning techniques including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Classification Regression Tree (CRT) and Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID). The results indicate that UTAUT, customisation and environmental concerns positively impact the adoption of green applications. Further analysis revealed fitness of analytical methods and the importance of variables for the overall sample and the subsamples derived. The study provides theoretical and practical contributions to academics, marketers and software developers in understanding consumer behaviour in the field. The result assist developers and marketers to decipher consumer behaviour towards green applications for sustainable consumption. The research contributes to theory and practice by employing an integrative model to investigate the role of technology in sustainable consumption. Moreover, the findings revealed the fitness of three machine learning methods to analyse the data collected for green consumption and the importance of variables in the model. The data is collected by employing convenience sampling. Hence, the results cannot be generalised accurately. Furthermore, data collection is conducted using a cross-sectional approach. Future researchers can add to the findings using a probability sampling and/or longitudinal data collection to generalise the results and reveal the changes in consumer behaviour. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54663/2182-9306.2023.v11.n21.179-212