Underwater superhydrophobic surfaces stand as a promising frontier in materials science, holding immense potential for applications in underwater infrastructure, vehicles, pipelines, robots, and sensors. Despite this potential, widespread commercial adoption of these surfaces faces limitations, primarily rooted in challenges related to material durability and the stability of the air plastron during prolonged submersion. Factors such as pressure, flow, and temperature further complicate the operational viability of underwater superhydrophobic technology. This comprehensive review navigates the evolving landscape of underwater superhydrophobic technology, providing a deep dive into the introduction, advancements, and innovations in design, fabrication, and testing techniques. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology, magnetic‐responsive coatings, additive manufacturing, and machine learning are highlighted, showcasing the diverse avenues of progress. Notable research endeavors concentrate on enhancing the longevity of plastrons, the fundamental element governing superhydrophobic behavior. The review explores the multifaceted applications of superhydrophobic coatings in the underwater environment, encompassing areas such as drag reduction, anti‐biofouling, and corrosion resistance. A critical examination of commercial offerings in the superhydrophobic coating landscape offers a current perspective on available solutions. In conclusion, the review provides valuable insights and forward‐looking recommendations to propel the field of underwater superhydrophobicity toward new dimensions of innovation and practical utility.

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are composites that highly elastic polymer matrices are filled with magnetic particles. These materials exhibit unique characteristics that their modului can be controlled by an external magnetic field. This paper presents analysis, fabrication and characterization of novel patterned MREs. By taking into account the local magnetic field in MREs and particles’ interaction magnetic energy, the magnetic field-dependent mechanical properties of MREs with lattice and BCC structures were theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. Soft magnetic particles were assembled in polydimethylsioxane matrix to fabricate new MREs with uniformly lattice and BCC structures, which were observed by microscope. The field-dependent modulus of the new MREs was characterized by a parallel-plate rheometer. The experimental results agreed well with numerical simulations.

This work concentrated on the rheological measurements and normal compression tests of a shear thickening fluid (STF) below room temperature from −20 to 20 °C. The STF was made of 20% of fumed silica and 80% ethylene glycol in weight fraction. Experimental measurements were conducted with a parallel plate MCR301 rheometer. Temperature dependency, steady-state tests, oscillatory fRequency sweep tests, oscillatory shear strain amplitude sweep tests, and normal compression tests were applied on STF, and the testing results were analysed and discussed. The temperature played an important role in the performance of STF. The low temperature increased the STF’s viscosity and shear thickening effect but decreased the STF’s critical shear rate. Frequency was found to contribute to the STF’s phase change from the liquid state to the solid state. The normal compression tests were conducted to determine the equivalent stiffness of STF under different temperatures and various shear rates. The results showed that the STF’s equivalent normal stiffness could be increased by either lowering the applied temperature or increasing the shear rate. A mathematical model was adopted to represent the viscosity of STF in the temperature range from −20 to 20 °C.

Land subsidence, a slow-onset geohazard, poses a severe threat to cities worldwide. However, the lack of quantification in terms of intensity, probability, and hazard zoning complicates the assessment and understanding of the land subsidence risk. In this study, we employ a weighted Bayesian model to explicitly present the spatial distribution of land subsidence probability and map hazard zoning in Shanghai. Two scenarios based on distinct aquifers are analyzed. Our findings reveal the following: (1) The cumulative land subsidence probability density functions in Shanghai follow a skewed distribution, primarily ranging between 0 and 50 mm, with a peak probability at 25 mm for the period 2017–2021. The proportions of cumulative subsidence above 100 mm and between 50 and 100 mm are significantly lower for 2017–2021 compared to those for 2012–2016, indicating a continuous slowdown in land subsidence in Shanghai. (2) Using the cumulative subsidence from 2017–2021 as a measure of posterior probability, the probability distribution of land subsidence under the first scenario ranges from 0.02 to 0.97. The very high probability areas are mainly located in the eastern peripheral regions of Shanghai and the peripheral areas of Chongming District. Under the second scenario, the probability ranges from 0.04 to 0.98, with high probability areas concentrated in the eastern coastal area of Pudong District and regions with intensive construction activity. (3) The Fit statistics for Scenario I and Scenario II are 67% and 70%, respectively, indicating a better fit for Scenario II. (4) High-, medium-, low-, and very low-hazard zones in Shanghai account for 14.2%, 48.7%, 23.6%, and 13.5% of the city, respectively. This work develops a method based on the weighted Bayesian model for assessing and zoning land subsidence hazards, providing a basis for land subsidence risk assessment in Shanghai.