Objective: This review aimed to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab on adverse events and the quality of life (QoL) from colorectal cancer (CRC) patient. Methods: A literature search was conducted from PUBMED, MEDLINE databases and some valid literatures from another databases that published in the last 10 years, and the design is an observational and randomized controlled trial (RCT). Results: CRC is a malignancy, which happens in the colon or rectum. One of the therapy for CRC is by using bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody. However, the usage of bevacizumab is still become a controversy because of its clinical complications. Several studies showed that bevacizumab could cause some adverse events in the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematology, and others body systems and affect the CRC patient QoL. However, the clinical complication of this drug is also affected by the combination therapy regimen used. Conclusions: The use of bevacizumab could cause some adverse event in different aspects, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematology, and others. Some of those are significant, but others are not. Besides that, using bevacizumab as a treatment regiment could also affect the QoL of CRC patients, but it is also affected by the combination therapy regimen used.

Background: Breast cancer is a form of cancer that typically affects females. In general, cancer is caused by an imbalance between oncogene and supressor gene factors, including immunity factors against cancer cells. This study aims to compare the levels of IL-2 between breast cancer patients and healthy women, and also compare the levels of IL-2 between HER-2 positive and HER-2 negative, ER/PR positive and ER/PR negative, and among different malignancy grades of breast cancer patients.Methods: This is an observational study using case control method. We include 46 breast cancer patients and 40 healthy women. Blood samples were taken from 46 breast cancer patients (20 HER-2 negative and 26 HER-2 positive patients); 40 of them received hormonal status (29 ER/PR negative and 11 ER/PR positive patients); and from 46 breast cancer patients, 37 of them were divided into malignancy grade. The level of IL-2 was compared between cases and controls and also among the breast cancer patients with HER-2 negative and positive; ER/PR negative and positive; and breast cancer with low, moderate and high grade.Results: IL-2 level was higher in breast cancer patients than in controls (9.400 pg/mL and 3.990 pg/mL respectively, P=0.003). IL-2 level is significantly higher in the breast cancer cases with positive HER-2 compared to negative HER-2 expression (11.154pg/mL and 7.120pg/mL respectively, P=0.001. No association between ER/PR expression nor breast cancer grading with IL-2 levelConclusion: IL-2 level is higher in breast cancer patients, especially breast cancer patients with HER-2 positive expression.

Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22, resulting in the BCR-ABL fusion gene. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have markedly improved CML outcomes. Yet, resistance may develop due to mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase domain, particularly in the ATP-binding loop (P-loop), activation loop (A-loop), catalytic domain, and direct binding site. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations, hematological response, and overall survival among CML patients receiving TKI therapy at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from March 2022 to July 2023 at the Hematology-Oncology outpatient clinic. Among 312 patients, 22 were classified as non-responders (no hematological response within three months) and 290 as responders. Forty-four patients (22 responders and 22 non-responders) underwent mutation analysis, and survival outcomes were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Of the 44 patients, 11 harbored BCR-ABL mutations: S348L (n=6), T315I (n=4), and Y253F (n=1). All mutations were identified exclusively in the non-responder group. Mortality was significantly higher in non-responders than responders (p<0.05), and among non-responders with mutations compared to those without (p<0.01). Six-month survival rates were 65% for S348L, 50% for T315I, and 0% for Y253F, though survival differences between mutation types were not statistically significant (p=0,641). Conclusion: CML patients achieving early hematological response to TKI therapy had significantly better survival outcomes. In contrast, non-responders, particularly those harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations, demonstrated poorer survival. The S348L mutation was the most common variant in this cohort. Early mutation detection may help guide therapeutic adjustments and improve outcomes in TKI-resistant CML.