Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a qualitative defect, and it can have a significant impact on oral health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in urban area in Albania. Methodology: In total, 234 children of both sexes aged 8–12 years old were randomly selected in five schools in Tirana, Albania. They underwent an intra-oral examination. Diagnostic criteria were in accordance with a European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003, and the FDI. Medical history was retrieved using questionnaires, and data obtained from clinical examination were recorded. Results: The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia was 12.8%. The most commonly occurring enamel hypoplasia was the mild type (58.62%). The mandibular first molar showed the highest prevalence of enamel hypoplasia (19.5%), and the maxillary canines and premolars were the least affected (2.3%). In this study, medical story did not have a significant effect on enamel hypoplasia. Conclusions: The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia remains high at 12.8%. Interestingly, the features of enamel hypoplasia were consistent across both sexes, with no correlation found between them. The predominant occurrence of mild enamel hypoplasia underscores the importance of implementing oral hygiene strategies in schools to mitigate its progression.

Tori are bony growths in the mouth caused by genetic and environmental factors. Oral tori may grow over time and interfere with oral hygiene, speech, mastication, and the application of dentures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of torus mandibularis and torus palatinus according to age and gender among people in Albania. A single-center pilot study was conducted at Diamond Dental Hospital (DDH) from 1 February to 30 April 2024 in Tirana, Albania. Written consent was obtained from each participant. The patients were interviewed by one trained researcher and examined intraorally by one experienced examiner. Photographs were taken of any positive findings. The prevalence of oral tori in this sample from Albania was very high at 48%, and the peak incidence was in the 18–29 age group (54%). The most common type was torus mandibularis, with a prevalence of 39%. The most prevalent form of torus palatinus was flat (71%) and of torus mandibularis was solitary bilateral (48%). This single-center pilot study found a high prevalence of oral tori among people in Tirana, Albania. Its prevalence was not related to gender or bruxism. Dental professionals should note the high occurrence of oral tori and their importance in dental practice.

Objectives: The paper aims to assess the level of antibiotic use and the antibiotic types used generally in dentistry and identify self-reported allergies and resistance related to them. Methods: The data were collected between March and May 2024 via an electronic questionnaire on self-reported antibiotic usage, antibiotic allergies and resistances among individual in Albania. Results: A total of 477 individuals (83% females, 17% males) with a mean 33 ± 13 (min 17; max 73) years of age completed the questionnaire. Overall, 88% of the population reported having used antibiotics before the questionnaire, among whom 56% used them for dental reasons. An average of 5% reported being allergic, mainly to the penicillin group, while 5% claimed to have undergone an antibiogram analysis before taking the prescribed antibiotics, with most of them showing resistance to the penicillin group. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, the high prevalence of antibiotics usage in dentistry encourages further deepening studies and training adapting global guidelines for antibiotics indications in dentistry to the level of antibiotics allergies and resistances of this specific country.

Tori are bony growths in the mouth caused in general by genetic and environmental factors. Oral tori may grow over time and interfere with oral hygiene, speech, mastication and the application of dentures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and patterns of torus mandibularis and torus palatinus according age and gender among patients attending the Diamond Dental Hospital in Tirana. Methodology. A case-series study conducted at DDH from February 1-30 April 2024. Written consent was taken from each participant and the questionnaire comprises some variables. The patients were examined intraoral only by one examiner and were taken photos from participants having positive findings. Results. The prevalence of oral tori in Albania was very high 48.4% and the peak incidence was 18-29 age group (54.2%). The most common type was TM 39.3%. The most prevalent form for TP was flat (71.4%) and for TM was solitary bilateral (47.9%). Conclusions. The prevalence of oral tori was found to be very high and not related to gender or bruxism. Dental professionals should be aware of the high occurrence of oral tori and their importance in dental practice. Nevertheless, further assessment of the prevalence of tori in a larger sample is required.

This narrative review examines the role of psychological stress in periodontal disease and evaluates the evidence supporting stress-informed lifestyle and behavioural interventions within a proposed theoretical framework for stress reduction/regulation. The framework includes slow diaphragmatic breathing, positive psychological approaches, mindfulness and meditation, physical activity and stretching, appropriate daylight or sun exposure, and nutrition. For each domain, evidence is considered in relation to stress regulation, mechanistic relevance to periodontal health, and, where available, direct periodontal outcomes. The available evidence varies considerably across domains and is frequently indirect. The proposed framework represents a structured approach to stress management in periodontal care and requires prospective clinical testing to determine its feasibility, effectiveness, and potential impact on periodontal treatment outcomes.