The geographical distribution characteristics of villages characterised by ethnic minorities are determined by the selection of the site when the village was initially established. The location of inherited and well-preserved minority villages must be exceptionally compatible with the natural terrain, with a logical relationship. Nonetheless, the issue of village location, which is directly related to the development of the features of the geographical distribution, has received little attention from scholars. The average nearest proximity index, Voronoi, kernel density analysis, proximity analysis, and the Geographical Detector (GeoDetector) were used to analyse the geographic distribution characteristics of villages and their correlation with terrain, as well as the difference between the influence of each terrain factor. The findings indicated the following. (1) The geographical distribution of minority villages in Fujian Province is of the agglomeration type, with a significant “mononuclear” feature, and the topography has a facilitating effect on the clustering distribution of villages. (2) The geographical distribution of minority villages in each city of Fujian Province coexisted with the agglomeration type and the dispersion type, and the role of topography in promoting the agglomeration-type distribution of villages was not affected by the distribution density of villages. (3) The site selection of Fujian-minority villages is characterised by medium altitude, moderate slope, sun exposure, and no obvious hydrophilicity. Minority villages are mainly located in areas with an elevation of 202–647 m; a slope of 6–15°; a flat land aspect with a south slope, southeast slope, or southwest slope; and distance of 500–1500 m from 5–20 m wide rivers of level 2. (4) The site selection of Fujian minority villages is influenced by various topographic factors, such as elevation, slope, aspect, river buffer, river width, and river level, among which river width has the most substantial effect. (5) All topographic factors have a two-factor enhancing relationship with each other, aspect and slope have the most substantial effect and play a dominant role in site selection. The research findings illuminate the internal logic of the geographical distribution differentiation of villages characterised by ethnic minorities, which is critical for promoting the protection of modern ethnic-minority villages.

Karst landforms are characterized by high permeability, shallow soils, and steep slopes. Currently, traditional village development in karst mountainous areas tends toward homogenization, always overlooking geological features in conservation efforts. This study, focusing on all 757 traditional villages in Guizhou province, employed Geographic Information System (GIS), Geodetector, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to develop a spatially suitable evaluation model that integrates objective driver analysis with subjective weight validation. The aim is to reveal the mechanisms by which geographic and disaster factors influence village distribution. Key findings include the following: (1) Traditional villages exhibit a dual-core clustered pattern centered on “Qiandongnan–Anshun”, with Qiandongnan having the highest concentration. (2) The selected factors—altitude (A), slope (B), aspect (C), flood sensitivity (D), and landslide sensitivity (E)—show explanatory power ranked as A > D > E > C > B. Interaction between any two factors nonlinearly enhances explanatory power. (3) Spatial suitability evaluation identified four suitability categories. Highly suitable areas are mainly in Qiandongnan, while unsuitable zones—containing only 7.66% of villages—are concentrated on the western Guizhou plateau. These results can inform conservation planning and spatial remediation across different administrative levels, providing a foundation for future development.

China’s socialist workers’ housing occupies an uncertain position between everyday residential use and potential heritage conservation. This study examines long-term modifications to Soviet-style workers’ housing in Harbin’s Village of Powers (VoP), where original collective facilities have been adapted to changing household and economic needs. Drawing on historical drawings, available evidence of early occupancy, architectural surveys of 17 buildings with comparable spatial-area data, interviews, and on-site observations, this study compares reconstructed historical usage conditions with those documented in 2020–2021. It examines spatial redistribution, modification practices, and their social consequences. Building-level comparisons show that the proportion of private space increased by an average of 6.69 percentage points in nine dormitories, compared with 0.21 percentage points in eight family apartment buildings (two-sided exact permutation test, p = 0.00045). However, the difference in total usable floor-area growth was not statistically significant. The documented cases identify improving living conditions and pursuing economic opportunities as two recurring motivations for modification, while the social consequences varied. Some interventions restricted access to collective facilities and were associated with tensions over shared-space use, whereas certain commercial spaces accommodated social interaction under specific conditions. Situated within the transformation of China’s Danwei system, these findings reveal how everyday modifications reshape the relationship between private and collective space. They provide socio-spatial evidence for heritage-sensitive regeneration that considers historical spatial characteristics, contemporary living needs, and the interests of different users. Although the quantitative analysis covers 17 buildings with comparable historical and 2020–2021 spatial-area data, the study is confined to a single purposively selected case.

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Guizhou's traditional villages are gradually disappearing as rural urbanization accelerates. However, there has been little in-depth research into how village dwellers are coping with spatial changes caused by resource relocation and modernization. Prior to that, it is critical to determine the villages’ distribution characteristics and geographic features. This study focuses on the spatial dis-tribution characteristics of Guizhou traditional villages using the software ArcGIS. The findings show that (1) Guizhou Province's traditional village distribution is "dual-core" intensive. (2) The topography of Guizhou Prov-ince is characterized by a "high in the west, low in the east" trend. In Gui-zhou Province's western and central zones, there are very few traditional vil-lages with higher altitudes beyond Anshun City. (3) The slope analysis of this study shows that the slope of these two regions, Qiandongnan and Ton-gren with densely populated villages, are diametrically opposed.

Traditional Miao villages in southwest China are being reshaped by rural modernization, tourism development, and changing everyday practices, creating a need for architectural interventions that accommodate contemporary functions without reducing local culture to decorative motifs. This study examines Jiubai Village in Guizhou Province through the lens of vernacular reinterpretation and develops a design-driven pathway linking the identification of vernacular spatial elements, interpretation of socio-spatial meanings, refinement of design principles, and translation into contemporary architecture. The research combines documentary study, repeated field surveys, morphological and typological analysis, oral-history interviews, informal discussions, and architectural design experimentation. The results reveal a multi-scalar socio-spatial system linking topographic and material adaptation with village-scale collective spaces, ritual practices, and household-scale gathering around the huotang. They also show uneven modernization and the persistence of cultural and spatial values despite functional change. The proposed design intervention translates these relationships through an open collective ground floor, a reinterpreted huotang, terrain-responsive form, timber expression, and layered contemporary functions. This study suggests that relational reinterpretation, rather than formal imitation, may support cultural continuity and spatial sustainability in rural revitalization, while broader environmental, economic, and long-term social sustainability remains beyond the scope of this assessment.