Background/Objectives: Acute isolated distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) dislocations are rare and often misdiagnosed during initial evaluation due to subtle clinical presentation, low index of suspicion, and imaging barriers. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical to avoid chronic instability, limited wrist mobility, and osteoarthritis. This systematic review evaluates the functional outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment protocols for acute isolated DRUJ dislocations. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Mendeley databases (2000–2024) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria involved adult patients with isolated DRUJ dislocations diagnosed and managed within one week of injury. Studies reporting on underage patients, associated fractures, delayed management, and open injuries were excluded. Data on demographics, injury mechanism, diagnostic methods, treatment protocols, and functional outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Results: In total, 22 cases across 20 studies were included. The majority (90.9%) were males, with a mean age of 37.9 years (range: 20–70 years). Falls and sports injuries were the major causes, with volar dislocations predominating (18/22). The misdiagnosis rate was equal to 18%. Most cases were treated conservatively with closed reduction and immobilization for an average of 4.9 weeks. Operative treatment was performed in 6 cases, mainly following failed closed reductions. Functional outcomes were generally favorable, although the same parameters were not consistently studied in all patients. Overall, 82% (14 of 17 patients) achieved a full range of motion; 88% (14 of 16 patients) reported no pain, and all assessed cases had stable DRUJs at follow-up. Conclusions: This review highlights the rarity and diagnostic challenges of this injury. The functional outcomes of both conservative and operative treatment are generally satisfactory. Conservative treatment should be the first-line approach, with surgery reserved for irreducible or unstable cases. Future research using standardized outcome measures is needed to provide guidance for clinicians.

Study Design: Systematic Review. Objectives: Infection following vertebral augmentation using Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) and percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PBK) is an exceedingly rare, but potentially life-threatening complication. This systematic review evaluates the microbiological characteristics, risk factors, treatment strategies and outcomes of these infections. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Mendeley databases (2000-2025) were systematically reviewed. Inclusion criteria involved case cohorts of more than 5 adult patients with infections following PV or PBK. Data on the initial procedure, demographics, infection biomarkers, neurologic status, comorbidities, causative pathogens, treatment protocols, and outcomes were evaluated. Results: A total of 102 patients from 8 studies were included (mean follow-up: 22.9 months). Most were female (64.7%) with a mean age of 71.0 years (range: 50-95). The mean time interval from the initial procedure to infection diagnosis was 5.2 months (range: 0.03-85.2). The most common pathogen was Mycobacterium tuberculosis (35.3%). The mean infection biomarkers were CRP 36.77 mg/dL (range: 0.05-343), ESR 56.98 mm/h (range: 6-126), and WBC 8.53 cells/mm ³ (range: 2.09-22.35). Seven patients (6.1%) were treated conservatively, while 95 patients (93.1%) underwent revision surgery. Outcomes were reported for 89 patients (87%). Final follow-up showed that 34 patients (38%) achieved normal mobility, 22 patients (25%) had assisted mobility (crutches or walker), and 11 patients (12%) required a wheelchair. The mobility status was unclear for 11 patients (12%). The mortality rate was 12.3%. Post-treatment mobility was strongly dependent on preoperative neurologic status (OR = 6.0, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Post-augmentation spinal infections are rare but serious. Outcomes are strongly influenced by preoperative neurological status, while pathogen type and patient comorbidities have limited prognostic impact.

Masson's tumor, also known as intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH), is a rare benign vascular lesion of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It represents the organization and recanalization of a thrombus within a normal vessel, vascular malformation, or hematoma. Although it can occur in any part of the body, its presence in the hand can be particularly challenging to differentiate from other soft-tissue lesions. We present a case of Masson's tumor located in the distal phalanx of the thumb. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination suggested a giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath; however, following surgical excision, histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of Masson’s tumor. This case highlights the critical importance of histopathological examination, as Masson’s tumor can closely mimic other soft-tissue lesions.

Congenital radial head dislocation (CRHD) is a rare elbow condition that often remains undiagnosed until adulthood due to its asymptomatic nature. In contrast, isolated traumatic radial head dislocation (TRHD) is another uncommon entity that results from an elbow injury. Given their rarity and overlapping clinical features, distinguishing CRHD from isolated TRHD, particularly in adults with a history of trauma, poses a significant diagnostic dilemma. This review aims to enhance awareness about both conditions, and it is the first to address an in-depth comparison. A novel dual-algorithm approach is proposed as well to overcome the diagnostic challenges and guide clinicians’ decisions. PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify reported cases of CRHD and isolated TRHD in adults. Key aspects, including epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment strategies, were analyzed. Two diagnostic algorithms were developed based on clinical and radiographic parameters. CRHD is often asymptomatic until adulthood, typically lacks a history of trauma, shows bilateral involvement, and is frequently associated with congenital abnormalities. Conversely, isolated TRHD presents acutely with pain and a restricted range of motion (ROM) post-trauma. Imaging findings are crucial to differentiate the former two entities. Treatment differs significantly; CRHD is typically managed conservatively unless symptomatic, while isolated TRHD often requires closed reduction, with surgery reserved for irreducible cases or instability. CRHD and isolated TRHD in adults are exceptionally rare, and differentiation is crucial for proper management. This review highlights the diagnostic challenges of CRHD first identified in adulthood and emphasizes the value of clinical suspicion, imaging, and individualized treatment planning. Finally, the dual-algorithm approach provides the first structured diagnostic model to assist differential diagnosis of CRHD and isolated TRHD in adults, offering a cost-effective pathway and a more comprehensive option when initial evaluation is inconclusive.

Accurate implant positioning in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is crucial for long-term survival and favourable postoperative outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning, including patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) and navigation systems, has emerged in the past decade to increase implantation accuracy and efficacy. This review aimed to assess the radiological and clinical impact of 3D preoperative planning in RSA. The PubMed and Scopus databases (2010-2026) were systematically reviewed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Inclusion criteria involved English-language studies assessing 3D preoperative planning for RSA, with or without PSI or navigation, and reporting radiological and/or clinical outcomes. Data on study characteristics, patient demographics, RSA indications, 3D planning technology used, radiological outcomes, and functional outcomes were extracted and analyzed. A total of 635 RSAs across 11 studies were included, with a mean follow-up of 42.6 months. The most common indication for RSA was rotator cuff arthropathy. Seven of 11 studies used PSI, two of 11 studies used intraoperative navigation, and two of 11 studies assessed isolated 3D preoperative planning. Most comparative and non-comparative studies indicated significant improvement or high concordance with the preoperative plan in glenoid version, inclination, and entry point accuracy when 3D preoperative planning was used, especially when combined with PSI or navigation. 3D planning improved the accuracy of screw placement and length without increasing complications. Three studies assessed functional outcomes, where the differences between PSI-assisted and conventional techniques were inconsistent. No significant differences were detected in operating time and complication rates with the use of 3D preoperative planning. 3D preoperative planning techniques improve the accuracy of glenoid component and peripheral screw implantation in RSA. Evidence for superior clinical outcomes or differences in surgical parameters and complications remains inconsistent. Future high-quality research is needed to determine the clinical value of 3D planning modalities.