In this study, we examined the application of neurostructural principles to the design of public spaces on university campuses to optimize students’ learning efficiency, social interactions, and psychological well-being. Using Hainan University in China as a case study, a descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the case study design of the data. Data on students’ preferences for and satisfaction with public learning spaces (libraries, student centers, and open learning areas) were also collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on the four stages of the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action) model and covered basic information about the participants and their first impressions of the learning spaces, design element preferences, emotional and cognitive influences, and willingness to participate in improving the design of campus spaces. Data were analyzed using quantitative methods, including frequency analysis and score aggregation, to assess the students’ satisfaction with the existing design elements of the learning space and their suggestions for potential improvements. A random sample of students enrolled at Hainan University was used to ensure that the data were representative. The results of the study indicate that the rational allocation of natural light, the optimization of the acoustic environment, the adoption of soothing color schemes, and flexible spatial layouts are effective at relieving students’ psychological stress, enhancing their academic performance, and facilitating social interactions. Some of the existing designs are already in line with neurostructural principles, but there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of color schemes and spatial configurations. Students have positive attitudes towards participating in campus space improvement, with especially high interest in light optimization, spatial layout, and the use of natural materials. This study verifies the effectiveness of using neural structure principles in campus public spaces by establishing an empirical model, proves its positive effect on the quality of the campus environment and students’ well-being, and provides empirical evidence and theoretical support for future campus design.

Amid the backdrop of global and domestic population aging, this study focuses on the increasingly prominent housing challenges faced by empty-nest elderly individuals in China, with an emphasis on the optimization and renovation of elderly residential spaces. The research clarifies the multidimensional needs of the empty-nest elderly population—including independent living, social participation, health and safety, economic security, and emotional comfort—and analyzes the spatial characteristics of aging residential communities. By integrating representative domestic and international cases of age-friendly renovation, the study establishes an indoor spatial theoretical framework based on adaptive reuse, resilient design, and barrier-free design, as well as an outdoor community environment optimization framework grounded in participatory design, empowerment theory, and cooperative economy theory. A comprehensive theoretical model—comprising “needs-driven approach—spatial typology—representative cases—theoretical methods—design principles”—is proposed. The study presents eight age-friendly design principles: minimal intervention, emotional preservation, multifunctionality, safety and accessibility, operability, participation, social experience, and economic security. These principles aim to address the complex residential difficulties of empty-nest elderly individuals, improve their quality of life, and promote the circulation of community resources and sustainable development. The research outcomes not only offer systematic theoretical support and practical guidance for the renovation of elderly housing at the county level in China, but also provide meaningful theoretical references and practical insights for countries like South Korea that are facing severe aging-related challenges.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the Jishang (China Hebei Businessman) money stamps played an important role in economic activities, and at the same time carried deep cultural connotations and symbols of faith. The design incorporates traditional elements, contains expressions of psychosocial needs and religious beliefs, and reflects the unique understanding of power, well-being and cultural values at that time. In this paper, we use the method of iconography to place the Jishang money stamps in a specific historical and cultural context, and explore the compositional factors and cultural roots of their design from the three levels of form, content and symbolism. It is found that while carrying decorative functions, the design of money stamps also maps the profound influence of social concepts and belief systems on commercial culture. It is hoped that this study will provide new perspectives for exploring the artistic value and cultural significance of money stamp motifs.

중앙상업지구는 현대서비스업이 고도로 집적된 도시기능 단위로 현대도시 발전의 중요 상징이자 표지이다. 오늘날 사회의 도시화 과정이 계속 진행되는 배경에서 중앙상업지구가 지속적으로 발전하고 사람들의 소비와 생활수준도 크게 향상 되었다. 이에 따른 업무와 생활의 스트레스도 지속적으로 증가하여 부정적인 감정이 적시에 해소되지 않아 개인의 신체적, 정신적 건강에 해를 끼친다.BR 본 연구에서는 다학제 교차 종합 분석 아이디어를 채택하여 문헌연구, 사례 분석 등 연구방법을 복원성 환경이론 및 그 공공 공간에서의 응용에 적용한 연구를 진행한다. 본 문장은 3단계에 따라 진행되며 1단계는 연구 배경과 목적 및 의의에서 출발하여 문제를 제기한다. 2단계는 기초 이론 개념을 해석하고 복원성 공공 공간의 디자인 원칙을 탐구하여 문제를 분석한다. 3단계는 국내외 중앙상업지구 공공 공간 조성 실천에 착안해 한국 서울중앙상업지구 공공 공간을 선정해 사례분석을 진행한다. 귀납 문제 및 경험을 총결하여 복원성환경이론 하의 중앙상업지구 공공 공간디자인의 관련 특성을 이용하여 다음 단계의 건설에 대한 관련 이론적 기초를 제시한다. 그러나 이 중앙상업지구의 공공 공간은 과학적이고 통일된 디자인 원칙과 환경심리학 이론에 대한 지침이 부족하여, 복원효과가 대중의 요구를 완전히 충족시킬 수 없기 때문에 디자이너와 전문가는 이를 개선하고 규범화를 진행해야 한다. 본 연구는 현대사회에서 중앙상업지구의 고 스트레스인군을 위한 복원성 공공환경의 장을 조성하여 환경심리학 및 복원성 공간디자인에 대한 사람들의 관심을 높여 환경 공간을 개선하여 스트레스를 해소하고 부정적인 감정을 배출하는 긍정적이고 낙관적인 삶을 직면하는 법을 배울 수 있다.

With the acceleration of urbanization in China, old-age housing is facing complex problems such as aging facilities, poor barrier-free environment, and residential safety issues, which have a negative impact on physical and psychological health, especially for households living alone or with only elderly people. Based on the core theories of place attachment theory, lifestyle and behavioral psychology, and resilient design theory, this study constructed a three-dimensional integrated evaluation model of culture, behavior, and space. By analyzing the attribute matrix of the three types of urban cases, nine major improvement items of safety, convenience, accessibility, comfort, emotionality, flexibility, functionality, aesthetics, and customization were derived, and a micro-level improvement strategy system of “culture orientation, behavioral needs, and spatial mechanism” was proposed based on them. The results of the study are as follows First, enhancing place attachment is effective in increasing older adults' emotional acceptance of retrofitted spaces. Second, lifestyle and behaviorism-based functional improvements substantially enhance the efficiency and safety of daily use. Third, the concept of resilient design provides a practical approach to ensure residential comfort and the possibility of future functional expansion without compromising the existing structure. This study provides a theoretical framework and specific design methods for the age-friendly design of Chinese old age housing, and serves as a practical reference that can contribute to improving the quality of local residential environments and enhancing the life satisfaction of the elderly.