The use of Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained popularity during the last few decades and its use in medicine is increasing globally. Developing countries like Pakistan are lagging in the implementation of AI-based solutions in healthcare. There is a need to incorporate AI in the health system which may help not only in expediting diagnosis and management but also injudicious resource allocation. To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of AI among doctors and medical students in Pakistan. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire-based survey regarding demographic details, knowledge, perception, and practice of AI. A sample of 470 individuals including doctors and medical students were selected using the convenient sampling technique. The chi-square test was applied for the comparison of variables. Out of 470 individuals, 223(47.45%) were doctors and 247(52.55%) were medical students. Among these, 165(74%) doctors and 170(68.8%) medical students had a basic knowledge of AI but only 61(27.3%) doctors and 48(19.4%) students were aware of its medical applications. Regarding attitude, 237(76.7%) individuals supported AI's inclusion in curriculum, 368(78.3%) and 305(64.9%), 281(59.8%) and 269(57.2%) acknowledged its necessity in radiology, pathology, and COVID-19 pandemic respectively. The majority of doctors and medical students lack knowledge about AI and its applications, but had a positive view of AI in the field of medicine and were willing to adopt it.

We investigate irregularity factors for a self-gravitating spherical star evolving in the presence of an imperfect fluid. We explore the gravitational field equations and the dynamical equations with the systematic construction in $f(R,T)$ gravity, where $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Furthermore, we analyze two well-known differential equations (which occupy principal importance in the exploration of causes of energy density inhomogeneities) with the help of the Weyl tensor and the conservation laws. The irregularity factors for a spherical star are examined for particular cases of dust and isotropic and anisotropic fluids in dissipative and nondissipative regimes in the framework of $f(R,T)$ gravity. It is found that, as the complexity of the matter with the anisotropic stresses increases, the inhomogeneity factor corresponds more closely to one of the structure scalars.

We explore the evolutionary behaviors of compact objects in a modified gravitational theory with the help of structure scalars. Particularly, we consider the spherical geometry coupled with heat- and radiation-emitting shearing viscous matter configurations. We construct structure scalars by splitting the Riemann tensor orthogonally in $f(R,T)$ gravity with and without constant $R$ and $T$ constraints, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar and $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We investigate the influence of the modification of gravity on the physical meaning of scalar functions for radiating spherical matter configurations. It is explicitly demonstrated that even in modified gravity, the evolutionary phases of relativistic stellar systems can be analyzed through the set of modified scalar functions.