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Paratuberculosis (PTB), a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is responsible for important economic losses in the dairy industry. Our previous RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed that bovine intelectin 2 (ITLN2) precursor gene was overexpressed in ileocecal valve (ICV) samples of animals with focal (log2 fold-change = 10.6) and diffuse (log2 fold-change = 6.8) PTB-associated lesions compared to animals without lesions. This study analyzes the potential use of ITLN2, a protein that has been described as fundamental in the innate immune response to infections, as a biomarker of MAP infection. The presence of ITLN2 was investigated by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of ICV samples of 20 Holstein Friesian cows showing focal (n = 5), multifocal (n = 5), diffuse (n = 5) and no histological lesions (n = 5). Significant differences were observed in the mean number of ITLN2 immunostained goblet and Paneth cells between the three histopathological types and the control. The number of immunolabelled cells was higher in the focal histopathological type (116.9 ± 113.9) followed by the multifocal (108.7 ± 140.5), diffuse (76.5 ± 97.8) and control types (41.0 ± 81.3). These results validate ITLN2 as a post-mortem biomarker of disease progression.
Cristina Blanco Vázquez; Ana Balseiro; Marta Alonso-Hearn; Ramón Juste; Natalia Iglesias; Maria Canive; Rosa Casais. Bovine Intelectin 2 Expression as a Biomarker of Paratuberculosis Disease Progression. Animals 2021, 11, 1370 .
AMA StyleCristina Blanco Vázquez, Ana Balseiro, Marta Alonso-Hearn, Ramón Juste, Natalia Iglesias, Maria Canive, Rosa Casais. Bovine Intelectin 2 Expression as a Biomarker of Paratuberculosis Disease Progression. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Blanco Vázquez; Ana Balseiro; Marta Alonso-Hearn; Ramón Juste; Natalia Iglesias; Maria Canive; Rosa Casais. 2021. "Bovine Intelectin 2 Expression as a Biomarker of Paratuberculosis Disease Progression." Animals 11, no. 5: 1370.
The present work investigated the prevalence, spatial distribution, and temporal distribution of tuberculosis (TB) in free-ranging Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and cattle in Asturias (Atlantic Spain) during a 13-year follow-up. The study objective was to assess the role of badgers as a TB reservoir for cattle and other sympatric wild species in the region. Between 2008 and 2020, 673 badgers (98 trapped and 575 killed in road traffic accidents) in Asturias were necropsied, and their tissue samples were cultured for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolation. Serum samples were tested in an in-house indirect P22 ELISA to detect antibodies against the MTC. In parallel, data on MTC isolation and single intradermal tuberculin test results were extracted for cattle that were tested and culled as part of the Spanish National Program for the Eradication of Bovine TB. A total of 27/639 badgers (4.23%) were positive for MTC based on bacterial isolation, while 160/673 badgers (23.77%) were found to be positive with the P22 ELISA. The rate of seropositivity was higher among adult badgers than subadults. Badger TB status was spatially and temporally associated with cattle TB status. Our results cannot determine the direction of possible interspecies transmission, but they are consistent with the idea that the two hosts may exert infection pressure on each other. This study highlights the importance of the wildlife monitoring of infection and disease during epidemiological interventions in order to optimize outcomes.
Cristina Blanco Vázquez; Thiago Barral; Beatriz Romero; Manuel Queipo; Isabel Merediz; Pablo Quirós; José Armenteros; Ramón Juste; Lucas Domínguez; Mercedes Domínguez; Rosa Casais; Ana Balseiro. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection in Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) and Cattle in Asturias, Spain. Animals 2021, 11, 1294 .
AMA StyleCristina Blanco Vázquez, Thiago Barral, Beatriz Romero, Manuel Queipo, Isabel Merediz, Pablo Quirós, José Armenteros, Ramón Juste, Lucas Domínguez, Mercedes Domínguez, Rosa Casais, Ana Balseiro. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection in Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) and Cattle in Asturias, Spain. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Blanco Vázquez; Thiago Barral; Beatriz Romero; Manuel Queipo; Isabel Merediz; Pablo Quirós; José Armenteros; Ramón Juste; Lucas Domínguez; Mercedes Domínguez; Rosa Casais; Ana Balseiro. 2021. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Infection in Eurasian Badger (Meles meles) and Cattle in Asturias, Spain." Animals 11, no. 5: 1294.
Human prion and non-prion neurodegenerative diseases share pathogenic mechanisms and neuropathological features. The lesion profile of a particular entity results from specific involvement of vulnerable neuron populations and connectivity circuits by a pathogenic protein isoform with strain-like properties. The lesion profile of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) was studied in postmortem tissue of 143 patients with human prion disease (HPD) including sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms. Most cases (90%) were classified according to PrPres type and/or PRNP codon 129 status, in addition to a full neuropathological profile. Mixed histotypes represented 29.4% of total sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) cases. An intensity score of involvement including spongiosis and astrogliosis was determined for the amygdala, presubiculum, subiculum, entorhinal cortex, CA1 to CA4 sectors of the hippocampal cortex, and dentate gyrus. Connectivity hubs within the MTL presented the highest scores. Diverse lesion profiles were obtained for different types and subtypes of HPD. Impact of mixed PrPres types on the MTL lesion profile was higher for sCJDMV2K cases than in other histotypes. Differences between MTL profiles was globally consistent with current evidence on specific strains in HPD. These results may be relevant for the analysis of possible strain effects in focal non-prion neurodegenerative conditions limited to the MTL.
Alberto Rábano; Carmen Guerrero Márquez; Ramón Juste; María Geijo; Miguel Calero. Medial Temporal Lobe Involvement in Human Prion Diseases: Implications for the Study of Focal Non Prion Neurodegenerative Pathology. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 413 .
AMA StyleAlberto Rábano, Carmen Guerrero Márquez, Ramón Juste, María Geijo, Miguel Calero. Medial Temporal Lobe Involvement in Human Prion Diseases: Implications for the Study of Focal Non Prion Neurodegenerative Pathology. Biomolecules. 2021; 11 (3):413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Rábano; Carmen Guerrero Márquez; Ramón Juste; María Geijo; Miguel Calero. 2021. "Medial Temporal Lobe Involvement in Human Prion Diseases: Implications for the Study of Focal Non Prion Neurodegenerative Pathology." Biomolecules 11, no. 3: 413.
Records of cattle vaccination against paratuberculosis (PTB) have been analyzed to determine whether or not non-specific effect (NSE) on overall mortality similar to that observed in BCG vaccinated humans occurs in animals. The results of a previously reported slaughterhouse study on PTB prevalence were used as a reference on the age incidence of advanced patent (clinical) epidemio-pathogenic forms. In the proper vaccine study, cows in 30 cattle farms in the Basque Country, Spain were followed-up for between 1 and 13 years. Vaccinated groups were composed by 1008 (592 right-censored) animals younger than 3 months treated as calves and by 3761 (3160 right-censored) vaccinated at any older age. Controls were 339 (157 right-censored) and 4592 (2213 right-censored) age matched animals, respectively. Individual last year presence in the annual testing was considered age at culling or death. A survival analysis was carried out according age at vaccination of vaccinated versus non-vaccinated animals. PTB age incidence in the slaughterhouse study was subtracted from the difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals at the same age in order to estimate PTB-specific and non-specific effects. The maximum difference was observed at the 2–3 years interval with a 33.9% mortality reduction in the calf vaccinated group. This corresponded also with the maximum NSE that was 24.5% for a PTB incidence of 9.5%. Overall, vaccination afforded to calves a 26.5% yearly mortality protection, split between 11.1% PTB-specific and 15.4% NSE. These results support a NSE on total mortality associated with PTB vaccination that appeared to persist for up to 6–7 years. This confirms for the first time in an animal field study the innate immune system memory predicted by the recently proposed trained immunity theory. Contrasting the literature, no deleterious effects of killed vaccines on females were observed. Mortality reduction would offset vaccination costs and could improve livestock systems efficiency and potentially reduce antibiotic use. Clinical trial registered with Spanish Agency for Drugs and Sanitary products (AEMPS) as 11/012/ECV.
R.A. Juste; M.V. Geijo; N. Elguezabal; I.A. Sevilla; M. Alonso-Hearn; J.M. Garrido. Paratuberculosis vaccination specific and non-specific effects on cattle lifespan. Vaccine 2021, 39, 1631 -1641.
AMA StyleR.A. Juste, M.V. Geijo, N. Elguezabal, I.A. Sevilla, M. Alonso-Hearn, J.M. Garrido. Paratuberculosis vaccination specific and non-specific effects on cattle lifespan. Vaccine. 2021; 39 (11):1631-1641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.A. Juste; M.V. Geijo; N. Elguezabal; I.A. Sevilla; M. Alonso-Hearn; J.M. Garrido. 2021. "Paratuberculosis vaccination specific and non-specific effects on cattle lifespan." Vaccine 39, no. 11: 1631-1641.
Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV), a novel subtype of tick-borne flavivirus closely related to louping ill virus, causes a neurological disease in experimentally infected goats and lambs. Here, the distribution of microglia, T and B lymphocytes, and astrocytes was determined in the encephalon and spinal cord of eight Assaf lambs subcutaneously infected with SGEV. Cells were identified based on immunohistochemical staining against Iba1 (microglia), CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (astrocytes). In glial foci and perivascular cuffing areas, microglia were the most abundant cell type (45.4% of immunostained cells), followed by T lymphocytes (18.6%) and B lymphocytes (4.4%). Thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and medulla oblongata contained the largest areas occupied by glial foci. Reactive astrogliosis occurred to a greater extent in the lumbosacral spinal cord than in other regions of the central nervous system. Lesions were more frequent on the side of the animal experimentally infected with the virus. Lesions were more severe in lambs than in goats, suggesting that lambs may be more susceptible to SGEV, which may be due to species differences or to interindividual differences in the immune response, rather than to differences in the relative proportions of immune cells. Larger studies that monitor natural or experimental infections may help clarify local immune responses to this flavivirus subtype in the central nervous system.
Ileana Z. Martínez; Claudia Pérez-Martínez; Luis M. Salinas; Ramón A. Juste; Juan F. García Marín; Ana Balseiro. Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis and Immune Response in the Brains of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus. Animals 2020, 10, 1373 .
AMA StyleIleana Z. Martínez, Claudia Pérez-Martínez, Luis M. Salinas, Ramón A. Juste, Juan F. García Marín, Ana Balseiro. Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis and Immune Response in the Brains of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIleana Z. Martínez; Claudia Pérez-Martínez; Luis M. Salinas; Ramón A. Juste; Juan F. García Marín; Ana Balseiro. 2020. "Phenotypic Characterization of Encephalitis and Immune Response in the Brains of Lambs Experimentally Infected with Spanish Goat Encephalitis Virus." Animals 10, no. 8: 1373.
Little is known about the correlations between the genetic susceptibility/resistance to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) infection and the estimated breeding values for type, production and functional traits. Previously, we identified 70 combinations of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four bovine innate immune genes (SLC11A1, SP110, TLR2, CD209) that are associated with the genetic risk of paratuberculosis (PTB) or Johne's disease progression, which can be graded as low (LOWIN), latent (LATIN), or patent (PATIN) risk. Other possible combinations of these 5 SNPs were grouped in the average group (AVERIN). In the current study, differences in estimated breeding values (EBVs) for several traits were analyzed using linear models in a large cohort of Holstein cows (N = 15656) genotyped across Spain in 2016 or 2017. After the assignment of each genotyped cow to a risk group, cows within the PATIN risk group (N = 1448) had a superior combined genetic index (2797.57), type genetic index (524.62), milk yield (653.92 kg), protein yield (21.77 kg), fat yield (24.82 kg) and economic merit index (125 Euros) compared with the other three risk groups. Statistically significant differences in the longevity scores between the cows that were included in the PATIN risk group (108.85) and the LOWIN (107.82) and AVERIN (107.92) groups were also observed. The associations between the genetic risk groups and PTB diagnostic results were validated in a population of 99 cows from a Spanish farm with a high prevalence of PTB. Significant differences in ELISA readings between the PATIN (65.49 %) and the AVERIN (15.97 %), LATIN (2.11 %), and LOWIN (3.27 %) groups were observed. In addition, significant differences in Map DNA copies/gram of feces were observed between the PATIN and the other three risk groups. These results together with the substantial economic impact of PTB in dairy cattle support the selection of the animals with less susceptibility to PTB in the Spanish breeding program.
Maria Canive; Rosa Casais; Jose A. Jimenez; Cristina Blanco-Vazquez; Javier Amado; Joseba M. Garrido; Ramon A. Juste; Marta Alonso-Hearn. Correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine CD209, SLC11A1, SP110 and TLR2 genes and estimated breeding values for several traits in Spanish Holstein cattle. Heliyon 2020, 6, e04254 .
AMA StyleMaria Canive, Rosa Casais, Jose A. Jimenez, Cristina Blanco-Vazquez, Javier Amado, Joseba M. Garrido, Ramon A. Juste, Marta Alonso-Hearn. Correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine CD209, SLC11A1, SP110 and TLR2 genes and estimated breeding values for several traits in Spanish Holstein cattle. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (6):e04254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Canive; Rosa Casais; Jose A. Jimenez; Cristina Blanco-Vazquez; Javier Amado; Joseba M. Garrido; Ramon A. Juste; Marta Alonso-Hearn. 2020. "Correlations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine CD209, SLC11A1, SP110 and TLR2 genes and estimated breeding values for several traits in Spanish Holstein cattle." Heliyon 6, no. 6: e04254.
Tuberculosis (TB) vaccination could be used as a key part of integrated strategies for the disease’s control if an effective and safe vaccine under field conditions is obtained. Recent studies in Spain have evaluated the protective efficacy of two oral vaccines against experimental challenge with live intra-bronchial Mycobacterium bovis in captive badgers: the live-attenuated M. bovis BCG vaccine (Danish strain) and a heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) vaccine. With the objective of increasing the knowledge of the cellular development progress of infection and generating further tools to discriminate between mild and severe TB lesions between and within animals, the immunopathology of tuberculous lesions was studied to characterize the local immune response (cell type profile) within lung granulomas from control (non-vaccinated), BCG vaccinated and HIMB-vaccinated experimentally infected badgers with M. bovis. Four immunohistochemical protocols, for the specific detection of macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and plasma cells within TB granulomas in formalin fixed sections of the right middle lung lobe (lobe targeted for the M. bovis delivery), were performed. Immunolabelled sections were scanned and five randomly selected areas were analyzed with digital image analysis software. The results were expressed as the proportion of the positively immunolabelled area within the total area of the selected site. Data was analyzed using the statistical analysis software (SAS). In the three treatment groups, macrophages were the most abundant inflammatory cells within the granulomas, followed by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. T lymphocyes were absent in those granulomas. This would suggest a predominance of a non-specific innate response mediated by phagocytic cells over an adaptative humoral immune response. The proportion of macrophages and plasma cells was higher in BCG and HIMB-vaccinated badgers, respectively, suggesting the establishment of an adaptative humoral response in HIMB-vaccinated badgers. The lower bacterial load at the lung level, as well as the volume of lesions in lungs using magnetic resonance imaging in badgers with the HIMB vaccine in relation with local immune response presented, must be highlighted, since it would be an advantage in favor of its use under field conditions in terms of reducing TB transmission and environmental contamination.
Cristina Blanco Vázquez; Miguel Prieto; Marta Barral; Ramón Antonio Juste; Sandrine Lesellier; Francisco Javier Salguero; Dipesh Davé; Ileana Zorhaya Martínez; María Gracia De Garnica García; Rosa Casais; Ana Balseiro. Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles). Pathogens 2020, 9, 456 .
AMA StyleCristina Blanco Vázquez, Miguel Prieto, Marta Barral, Ramón Antonio Juste, Sandrine Lesellier, Francisco Javier Salguero, Dipesh Davé, Ileana Zorhaya Martínez, María Gracia De Garnica García, Rosa Casais, Ana Balseiro. Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles). Pathogens. 2020; 9 (6):456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Blanco Vázquez; Miguel Prieto; Marta Barral; Ramón Antonio Juste; Sandrine Lesellier; Francisco Javier Salguero; Dipesh Davé; Ileana Zorhaya Martínez; María Gracia De Garnica García; Rosa Casais; Ana Balseiro. 2020. "Local Lung Immune Response to Mycobacterium bovis Challenge after BCG and M. bovis Heat-Inactivated Vaccination in European Badger (Meles meles)." Pathogens 9, no. 6: 456.
The wild pig population on Molokai, Hawaii, USA is a possible reservoir for bovine tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium bovis, and has been implicated in decades past as the source of disease for the island’s domestic cattle. Heat-inactivated vaccines have been effective for reducing disease prevalence in wild boar in Spain and could prove useful for managing M. bovis in Molokai wild pigs. We designed an experiment to test this vaccine in wild pigs of Molokai genetics. Fifteen 3–4-month-old pigs were orally administered 106–107 colony forming units (cfu) of heat-inactivated M. bovis (Vaccinates; n = 8; 0.2 mL) or phosphate buffered saline (Controls; n = 7; 0.2 mL). Each dose was administered in a 0.5 mL tube embedded in a fruit candy/cracked corn mix. Boosters were given seven weeks post-prime in the same manner and dose. Nineteen weeks post-prime, pigs were orally challenged with 1 × 106 cfu of virulent M. bovis. Twelve weeks post-challenge, pigs were euthanized and necropsied, at which time 23 different tissues from the head, thorax, and abdomen were collected and examined. Each tissue was assigned a lesion score. Ordinal lesion score data were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Effect size was calculated using Cohen’s d. Four of eight Vaccinates and four of seven Controls had gross and microscopic lesions, as well as culture-positive tissues. Vaccinates had statistically lower lesion scores than Controls in the following areas: gross thoracic lesion scores (p = 0.013 Cohen’s d = 0.33) and microscopic thoracic lesion scores (p = 0.002, Cohen’s d = 0.39). There were no differences in head lesion scores alone, both gross and microscopic, nor were there differences when comparing combined gross and microscopic head and thoracic lesion scores. These results are indicative that this vaccination protocol affords a modest degree of infection containment with this vaccine in Molokai wild pigs.
Pauline Nol; Morgan E. Wehtje; Richard A. Bowen; Suelee Robbe-Austerman; Tyler C. Thacker; Kristina Lantz; Jack C. Rhyan; Laurie A. Baeten; Ramón A. Juste; Iker A. Sevilla; Christian Gortázar; Joaquín Vicente. Effects of Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccination on Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected with Virulent M. bovis. Pathogens 2020, 9, 199 .
AMA StylePauline Nol, Morgan E. Wehtje, Richard A. Bowen, Suelee Robbe-Austerman, Tyler C. Thacker, Kristina Lantz, Jack C. Rhyan, Laurie A. Baeten, Ramón A. Juste, Iker A. Sevilla, Christian Gortázar, Joaquín Vicente. Effects of Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccination on Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected with Virulent M. bovis. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (3):199.
Chicago/Turabian StylePauline Nol; Morgan E. Wehtje; Richard A. Bowen; Suelee Robbe-Austerman; Tyler C. Thacker; Kristina Lantz; Jack C. Rhyan; Laurie A. Baeten; Ramón A. Juste; Iker A. Sevilla; Christian Gortázar; Joaquín Vicente. 2020. "Effects of Inactivated Mycobacterium bovis Vaccination on Molokai-Origin Wild Pigs Experimentally Infected with Virulent M. bovis." Pathogens 9, no. 3: 199.
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is an enteric granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that mainly affects ruminants. Current vaccines have shown to be cost–effective control reagents, although they are restricted due to cross-interference with bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Therefore, novel vaccination strategies are needed and this study is focused on evaluating alternative vaccination routes and their effect on the local immune response. The MAP oral challenge rabbit model was used to evaluate and compare an experimental inactivated MAP vaccine through oral (VOR) and intradermal (VID) routes. The VID group presented the highest proportion of animals with no visible lesions and the lowest proportion of animals with MAP positive tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the VID group presented a dominantly M1 polarized response indicating an ability to control MAP infection. In general, all vaccinated groups showed lower calprotectin levels compared to the non-vaccinated challenged group suggesting less active granulomatous lesions. The VID group showed some degree of skin test reactivity, whereas the same vaccine through oral administration was completely negative. These data show that PTB vaccination has an effect on macrophage polarization and that the route influences infection outcome and can also have an impact on bTB diagnosis. Future evaluation of new immunological products against mycobacterial diseases should consider assaying different vaccination routes.
Rakel Arrazuria; Iraia Ladero; Elena Molina; Miguel Fuertes; Ramón Juste; Miguel Fernández; Valentín Pérez; Joseba Garrido; Natalia Elguezabal. Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 7 .
AMA StyleRakel Arrazuria, Iraia Ladero, Elena Molina, Miguel Fuertes, Ramón Juste, Miguel Fernández, Valentín Pérez, Joseba Garrido, Natalia Elguezabal. Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (1):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRakel Arrazuria; Iraia Ladero; Elena Molina; Miguel Fuertes; Ramón Juste; Miguel Fernández; Valentín Pérez; Joseba Garrido; Natalia Elguezabal. 2020. "Alternative Vaccination Routes against Paratuberculosis Modulate Local Immune Response and Interference with Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Laboratory Animal Models." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 1: 7.
Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
Richard Whittington; Karsten Donat; Maarten F. Weber; David Kelton; Søren Saxmose Nielsen; Suzanne Eisenberg; Norma Arrigoni; Ramon Juste; Jose Luis Sáez; Navneet Dhand; Annalisa Santi; Anita Michel; Herman Barkema; Petr Kralik; Polychronis Kostoulas; Lorna Citer; Frank Griffin; Rob Barwell; Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira; Iva Slana; Heike Koehler; Shoor Vir Singh; Han Sang Yoo; Gilberto Chávez-Gris; Amador Goodridge; Matjaz Ocepek; Joseba Garrido; Karen Stevenson; Mike Collins; Bernardo Alonso; Karina Cirone; Fernando Paolicchi; Lawrence Gavey; Tanvir Rahman; Emmanuelle De Marchin; Willem Van Praet; Cathy Bauman; Gilles Fecteau; Shawn McKenna; Miguel Salgado; Jorge Fernández-Silva; Radka Dziedzinska; Gustavo Echeverria; Jaana Seppänen; Virginie Thibault; Vala Fridriksdottir; Abdolah Derakhshandeh; Masoud Haghkhah; Luigi Ruocco; Satoko Kawaji; Eiichi Momotani; Cord Heuer; Solis Norton; Simeon Cadmus; Angelika Agdestein; Annette Kampen; Joanna Szteyn; Jenny Frössling; Ebba Schwan; George Caldow; Sam Strain; Mike Carter; Scott Wells; Musso Munyeme; Robert Wolf; Ratna Gurung; Cristobal Verdugo; Christine Fourichon; Takehisa Yamamoto; Sharada Thapaliya; Elena Di Labio; Monaya Ekgatat; Andres Gil; Alvaro Nuñez Alesandre; José Piaggio; Alejandra Suanes; Jacobus H. De Waard. Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries. BMC Veterinary Research 2019, 15, 1 -29.
AMA StyleRichard Whittington, Karsten Donat, Maarten F. Weber, David Kelton, Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Suzanne Eisenberg, Norma Arrigoni, Ramon Juste, Jose Luis Sáez, Navneet Dhand, Annalisa Santi, Anita Michel, Herman Barkema, Petr Kralik, Polychronis Kostoulas, Lorna Citer, Frank Griffin, Rob Barwell, Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira, Iva Slana, Heike Koehler, Shoor Vir Singh, Han Sang Yoo, Gilberto Chávez-Gris, Amador Goodridge, Matjaz Ocepek, Joseba Garrido, Karen Stevenson, Mike Collins, Bernardo Alonso, Karina Cirone, Fernando Paolicchi, Lawrence Gavey, Tanvir Rahman, Emmanuelle De Marchin, Willem Van Praet, Cathy Bauman, Gilles Fecteau, Shawn McKenna, Miguel Salgado, Jorge Fernández-Silva, Radka Dziedzinska, Gustavo Echeverria, Jaana Seppänen, Virginie Thibault, Vala Fridriksdottir, Abdolah Derakhshandeh, Masoud Haghkhah, Luigi Ruocco, Satoko Kawaji, Eiichi Momotani, Cord Heuer, Solis Norton, Simeon Cadmus, Angelika Agdestein, Annette Kampen, Joanna Szteyn, Jenny Frössling, Ebba Schwan, George Caldow, Sam Strain, Mike Carter, Scott Wells, Musso Munyeme, Robert Wolf, Ratna Gurung, Cristobal Verdugo, Christine Fourichon, Takehisa Yamamoto, Sharada Thapaliya, Elena Di Labio, Monaya Ekgatat, Andres Gil, Alvaro Nuñez Alesandre, José Piaggio, Alejandra Suanes, Jacobus H. De Waard. Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries. BMC Veterinary Research. 2019; 15 (1):1-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard Whittington; Karsten Donat; Maarten F. Weber; David Kelton; Søren Saxmose Nielsen; Suzanne Eisenberg; Norma Arrigoni; Ramon Juste; Jose Luis Sáez; Navneet Dhand; Annalisa Santi; Anita Michel; Herman Barkema; Petr Kralik; Polychronis Kostoulas; Lorna Citer; Frank Griffin; Rob Barwell; Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira; Iva Slana; Heike Koehler; Shoor Vir Singh; Han Sang Yoo; Gilberto Chávez-Gris; Amador Goodridge; Matjaz Ocepek; Joseba Garrido; Karen Stevenson; Mike Collins; Bernardo Alonso; Karina Cirone; Fernando Paolicchi; Lawrence Gavey; Tanvir Rahman; Emmanuelle De Marchin; Willem Van Praet; Cathy Bauman; Gilles Fecteau; Shawn McKenna; Miguel Salgado; Jorge Fernández-Silva; Radka Dziedzinska; Gustavo Echeverria; Jaana Seppänen; Virginie Thibault; Vala Fridriksdottir; Abdolah Derakhshandeh; Masoud Haghkhah; Luigi Ruocco; Satoko Kawaji; Eiichi Momotani; Cord Heuer; Solis Norton; Simeon Cadmus; Angelika Agdestein; Annette Kampen; Joanna Szteyn; Jenny Frössling; Ebba Schwan; George Caldow; Sam Strain; Mike Carter; Scott Wells; Musso Munyeme; Robert Wolf; Ratna Gurung; Cristobal Verdugo; Christine Fourichon; Takehisa Yamamoto; Sharada Thapaliya; Elena Di Labio; Monaya Ekgatat; Andres Gil; Alvaro Nuñez Alesandre; José Piaggio; Alejandra Suanes; Jacobus H. De Waard. 2019. "Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries." BMC Veterinary Research 15, no. 1: 1-29.
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) farming is a growing economic activity worldwide. However, the capacity of this species to act as reservoir of animal tuberculosis (TB) poses a threat to other wildlife and to livestock. Diagnostic assay accuracy in this species is therefore highly relevant for prevention and control measures. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the protein complex P22, obtained from M. bovis derived purified protein derivative (bPPD), as a candidate antigen for the detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). We assessed the performance of this new antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in TB-positive and TB-negative red deer, in comparison with a bPPD-based ELISA. The P22 ELISA achieved a higher specificity (Sp) and similar sensitivity (Se) in comparison with the bPPD ELISA at all the cut-off points considered. The P22 ELISA yielded optimal Sp (99.02%; 95% confidence intervals [CI95%]: 96.5-99.8) and appropriate Se (70.1%; CI95%: 63.6-76) at the selected cut-off point of 100%. These results suggest that P22 can be used as an alternative antigen in the immunodiagnosis of animal TB through the use of an ELISA-type detection of antibodies against MTC in red deer, thus contributing to the diagnosis of animal TB in this species as a measure for further disease prevention and control programs.
J. Thomas; J.A. Infantes-Lorenzo; Inmaculada Moreno; B. Romero; J.M. Garrido; R. Juste; M. Domínguez; C. Gortazar; M.A. Risalde. A new test to detect antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in red deer serum. The Veterinary Journal 2018, 244, 98 -103.
AMA StyleJ. Thomas, J.A. Infantes-Lorenzo, Inmaculada Moreno, B. Romero, J.M. Garrido, R. Juste, M. Domínguez, C. Gortazar, M.A. Risalde. A new test to detect antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in red deer serum. The Veterinary Journal. 2018; 244 ():98-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Thomas; J.A. Infantes-Lorenzo; Inmaculada Moreno; B. Romero; J.M. Garrido; R. Juste; M. Domínguez; C. Gortazar; M.A. Risalde. 2018. "A new test to detect antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in red deer serum." The Veterinary Journal 244, no. : 98-103.
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis in humans and paratuberculosis in domestic and wild ruminants can be defined as chronic regional intestinal inflammatory diseases (CRIID). This review is a literature overview on these diseases in humans, non-human primates, dogs, cats, rabbits, equids and ruminants with a focus on pathological and microbiological features aimed identifying common characteristics that could lead to a unified pathological classification for a better understanding of their mechanisms and causes. The result is a framework of inflammatory forms throughout the different species indicative of common mechanisms of the slow infection type characterized by a time course varying from weeks to months or even years, and where the inflammatory component would be more prominent in the intestinal interphase between host and environment and be morphologically characterized by an infiltrate ranging from lymphoplasmacytic to histiocytic. This should provide new insights for causation demonstration and therapeutic approaches in human IBD.
Ana Balseiro; Valentin Perez; Ramon A. Juste. Chronic regional intestinal inflammatory disease: A trans-species slow infection? Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 2018, 62, 88 -100.
AMA StyleAna Balseiro, Valentin Perez, Ramon A. Juste. Chronic regional intestinal inflammatory disease: A trans-species slow infection? Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2018; 62 ():88-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Balseiro; Valentin Perez; Ramon A. Juste. 2018. "Chronic regional intestinal inflammatory disease: A trans-species slow infection?" Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 62, no. : 88-100.
Proteinase K‐resistant prion protein (PrPRes) nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity in oligodendrocytes of the frontal cortex is found in one case of otherwise typical sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD) type VV2a. The PrP nature of the inclusions is validated with several anti‐PrP antibodies directed to amino acids 130–160 (12F10), 109–112 (3F4), 97–102 (8G8) and the octarepeat region (amino acids 59–89: SAF32). Cellular identification and subcellular localization were evaluated with double‐ and triple‐labeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy using antibodies against PrP, glial markers, and histone H3. Based on review of the literature and our own experience, this is a very odd situation that deserves further validation in other cases.
Ivan Fernández-Vega; Daniela Díaz-Lucena; Itxaso Azkune Calle; Maria Geijo; Ramon A. Juste; Franc Llorens; Ikerne Vicente Etxenausia; Jorge Santos-Juanes; Juan Jose Zarranz Imirizaldu; Isidro Ferrer. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with glial PrPRes nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity. Neuropathology 2018, 38, 561 -567.
AMA StyleIvan Fernández-Vega, Daniela Díaz-Lucena, Itxaso Azkune Calle, Maria Geijo, Ramon A. Juste, Franc Llorens, Ikerne Vicente Etxenausia, Jorge Santos-Juanes, Juan Jose Zarranz Imirizaldu, Isidro Ferrer. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with glial PrPRes nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity. Neuropathology. 2018; 38 (5):561-567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIvan Fernández-Vega; Daniela Díaz-Lucena; Itxaso Azkune Calle; Maria Geijo; Ramon A. Juste; Franc Llorens; Ikerne Vicente Etxenausia; Jorge Santos-Juanes; Juan Jose Zarranz Imirizaldu; Isidro Ferrer. 2018. "Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with glial PrPRes nuclear and perinuclear immunoreactivity." Neuropathology 38, no. 5: 561-567.
Animal tuberculosis (TB) remains a major problem in some countries despite the existence of control programmes focused mainly on cattle. In this species, aerogenous transmission is accepted as the most frequent infection route, affecting mainly the respiratory system. Under the hypothesis that the oral route could be playing a more relevant role in transmission, diagnosis and disease persistence than previously thought, this study was performed to assess the course of TB infection in cattle and its effects on diagnosis depending on the route of entry of Mycobacterium bovis. Two groups of five calves each were either endotracheally (EC) or orally (OC) challenged. Necropsies were carried out 12 weeks after challenge except for three OC calves slaughtered 8 weeks later. All animals reacted to the tuberculin skin test and the entire EC group was positive to the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) 2 weeks after challenge and thereafter. The first positive IGRA results for OC calves (3/5) were recorded 4 weeks after challenge. Group comparison revealed significant differences in lesion and positive culture location and scoring. TB-compatible gross lesions and positive cultures were more frequently found in the thorax (p < 0.001) and lung (p < 0.05) of EC animals, whereas OC animals presented lesions (p = 0.23) and positive cultures (p < 0.05) mainly located in the abdomen. These results indicate that the infection route seems to be a determining factor for both the distribution and the time needed for the development of visible lesions. Our study suggests that confirmation of TB infection in some skin reactor animals can be problematic if current post-mortem examination and diagnostics are not improved.
Miriam Serrano; Iker A. Sevilla; Miguel Fuertes; Mariví Geijo; Maria Ángeles Risalde; Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons; Christian Gortazar; Ramón A. Juste; Lucas Domínguez; Natalia Elguezabal; Joseba M. Garrido. Different lesion distribution in calves orally or intratracheally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis: implications for diagnosis. Veterinary Research 2018, 49, 1 -10.
AMA StyleMiriam Serrano, Iker A. Sevilla, Miguel Fuertes, Mariví Geijo, Maria Ángeles Risalde, Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons, Christian Gortazar, Ramón A. Juste, Lucas Domínguez, Natalia Elguezabal, Joseba M. Garrido. Different lesion distribution in calves orally or intratracheally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis: implications for diagnosis. Veterinary Research. 2018; 49 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Serrano; Iker A. Sevilla; Miguel Fuertes; Mariví Geijo; Maria Ángeles Risalde; Jose Francisco Ruiz-Fons; Christian Gortazar; Ramón A. Juste; Lucas Domínguez; Natalia Elguezabal; Joseba M. Garrido. 2018. "Different lesion distribution in calves orally or intratracheally challenged with Mycobacterium bovis: implications for diagnosis." Veterinary Research 49, no. 1: 1-10.
Tuberculosis (TB) in animals is a re-emerging disease with a wide range of hosts that causes large economic losses in livestock. Goats are particularly susceptible to TB and, in endemic areas, vaccination may be a valuable measure to control the disease. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of parenteral vaccination of goats with a heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis (HIMB) vaccine, and compare it to M. bovis Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Twenty-four goat kids were divided in 3 groups as following: HIMB vaccinated group (n = 8), BCG vaccinated group (n = 8) and unvaccinated group (n = 8). Afterwards, goats were experimentally challenged with Mycobacterium caprae by the endobronchial route. Antigen specific interferon-γ release assays and serology were performed after vaccination and challenge. Pathological and bacteriological parameters were evaluated after necropsy at 9 weeks post-challenge (p.c.). HIMB vaccine showed similar levels of protection to BCG in terms of volume reduction of thoracic TB lesions, presence of extra-pulmonary lesions, as well as a slight reduction of bacterial load in pulmonary lymph nodes. Moreover, HIMB vaccine did not induce interferences on the interferon-γ release assay based on reagents previously developed to differentiate infected from BCG vaccinated individuals. The results indicate that HIMB is a suitable vaccine candidate for further larger-scale trials under field conditions in goats.
Claudia Arrieta-Villegas; Tania Perálvarez; Enric Vidal; Zoë Puighibet; Xavier Moll; Albert Canturri; Iker A. Sevilla; Yvonne Espada; Ramón A. Juste; Mariano Domingo; Bernat Pérez De Val. Efficacy of parenteral vaccination against tuberculosis with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally challenged goats. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0196948 .
AMA StyleClaudia Arrieta-Villegas, Tania Perálvarez, Enric Vidal, Zoë Puighibet, Xavier Moll, Albert Canturri, Iker A. Sevilla, Yvonne Espada, Ramón A. Juste, Mariano Domingo, Bernat Pérez De Val. Efficacy of parenteral vaccination against tuberculosis with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally challenged goats. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (5):e0196948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Arrieta-Villegas; Tania Perálvarez; Enric Vidal; Zoë Puighibet; Xavier Moll; Albert Canturri; Iker A. Sevilla; Yvonne Espada; Ramón A. Juste; Mariano Domingo; Bernat Pérez De Val. 2018. "Efficacy of parenteral vaccination against tuberculosis with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally challenged goats." PLOS ONE 13, no. 5: e0196948.
Sheep have been traditionally considered as less susceptible to Mycobacterium bovis (Mbovis) infection than other domestic ruminants such as cattle and goats. However, there is increasing evidence for the role of this species as a domestic Mbovis reservoir, mostly when sheep share grazing fields with infected cattle and goats. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information about the pathogenesis and the immune response of Mbovis infection in sheep. The goals of this study were to characterize the granuloma stages produced by the natural infection of Mbovis in sheep, to compare them with other species and to identify possible differences in the sheep immune response. Samples from bronchial lymph nodes from twelve Mbovis-naturally infected sheep were used. Four immunohistochemical protocols for the specific detection of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages were performed to study the local immune reaction within the granulomas. Differences were observed in the predominant cell type present in each type of granuloma, as well as differences and similarities with the development of tuberculous granulomas in other species. Very low numbers of T-lymphocytes were observed in all granuloma types indicating that specific cellular immune response mediated by T-cells might not be of much importance in sheep in the early stages of infection, when macrophages are the predominant cell type within lesions. Plasma cells and mainly B lymphocytes increased considerably as the granuloma developed being attracted to the lesions in a shift towards a Th2 response against the increasing amounts of mycobacteria. Therefore, we have proposed that the granulomas could be defined as initial, developed and terminal. Results showed that the study of the lymphoid tissue granulomata reinforces the view that the three different types of granuloma represent stages of lesion progression and suggest an explanation to the higher resistance of sheep based on a higher effective innate immune response to control tuberculosis infection.
Raquel Vallejo; Juan Francisco García Marín; Ramón Antonio Juste; Marta Muñoz-Mendoza; Francisco Javier Salguero; Ana Balseiro. Immunohistochemical characterization of tuberculous lesions in sheep naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. BMC Veterinary Research 2018, 14, 154 .
AMA StyleRaquel Vallejo, Juan Francisco García Marín, Ramón Antonio Juste, Marta Muñoz-Mendoza, Francisco Javier Salguero, Ana Balseiro. Immunohistochemical characterization of tuberculous lesions in sheep naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14 (1):154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaquel Vallejo; Juan Francisco García Marín; Ramón Antonio Juste; Marta Muñoz-Mendoza; Francisco Javier Salguero; Ana Balseiro. 2018. "Immunohistochemical characterization of tuberculous lesions in sheep naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis." BMC Veterinary Research 14, no. 1: 154.
RHDVb has become the dominant RHDV on the Iberian Peninsula. A better understanding of its pathogenicity is required to aid control measures. Thus, the clinical course, humoral immune response, viraemia and kinetics of RHDV-N11 (a Spanish RHDVb isolate) infection in different tissues at both viral RNA and protein levels were studied in experimentally infected young and adult rabbits. The case fatality rate differed between the two age groups, with 21% of kits succumbing while no deaths were observed in adults. Fever and viremia were strongly associated with death, which occurred 48 h post infection (PI) too fast for an effective humoral immune response to be mounted. A significant effect on the number of viral RNA copies with regard to the variables age, tissue and time PI (p < 0.0001 in all cases) was detected. Histological lesions in infected rabbits were consistently more frequent and severe in liver and spleen and additionally intestine in kits, these tissues containing the highest levels of viral RNA and protein. Although no adults showed lesions or virus antigen in intestine, both kits and adults maintained steady viral RNA levels from days 1 to 7 PI in this organ. Analysis revealed the fecal route as the main dissemination route of RHDV-N11. Subclinically infected rabbits had detectable viral RNA in their faeces for up to seven days and thus may play an important role spreading the virus. This study allows a better understanding of the transmission of this virus and improvement of the control strategies for this disease.
K.P. Dalton; A. Balseiro; R.A. Juste; A. Podadera; I. Nicieza; D. del Llano; R. González; J.M. Martin Alonso; J.M. Prieto; F. Parra; R. Casais. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Veterinary Microbiology 2018, 220, 24 -32.
AMA StyleK.P. Dalton, A. Balseiro, R.A. Juste, A. Podadera, I. Nicieza, D. del Llano, R. González, J.M. Martin Alonso, J.M. Prieto, F. Parra, R. Casais. Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread. Veterinary Microbiology. 2018; 220 ():24-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK.P. Dalton; A. Balseiro; R.A. Juste; A. Podadera; I. Nicieza; D. del Llano; R. González; J.M. Martin Alonso; J.M. Prieto; F. Parra; R. Casais. 2018. "Clinical course and pathogenicity of variant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in experimentally infected adult and kit rabbits: Significance towards control and spread." Veterinary Microbiology 220, no. : 24-32.
Control of major mycobacterial diseases affecting livestock is a challenging issue that requires different approaches. The use of genetic markers for improving resistance to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle has been explored as a promising population strategy We performed paratuberculosis epidemiopathogenic phenotypic and genotypic characterization involving 24 SNPs in six candidate genes (NOD2, CD209, SLC11A1, SP110, TLR2 and TLR4) on 502 slaughtered Friesian cows. In the current study, we investigate whether recently proposed paratuberculosis (PTB) epidemiopathogenic (EP) forms (apparently free-AF, latent-LAT and patent-PAT) could be associated with some combination of these 24 SNPs. Best EP form grouping was obtained using a combination of 5 SNPs in four genes (CD209: rs210748127; SLC11A1: rs110090506; SP110: rs136859213 and rs110480812; and TLR2: rs41830058). These groups were defined according to the level of infection progression risk to patent epidemiopathogenic forms and showed the following distributions: LOWIN (low) with 39 (8%) cases (94.9% AF/5.1% LAT/0% PAT); LATIN (low) with 17 (3%) cases (5.9% AF/94.1% LAT/0% PAT); AVERIN (average) with 413 (82%) cases (52.1% AF/38.5% LAT/9.4% PAT) and PATIN (patent) with 33 (7%) cases (36.4% AF/24.2% LAT/39.4% PAT). Age of slaughter was significantly higher for LATIN (88.3 months) compared to AVERIN (65.3 months; p=0.0007) and PATIN (59.1 months; p=0.0004), and for LOWIN (73.9 months) compared to PATIN (p = 0.0233), and nearly significant compared to AVERIN (p = 0.0572) These results suggest that some selected genetic polymorphisms have a potential use as markers of PTB EP forms and thus add a new tool for the control of this widespread infection.
Ramon A. Juste; Patricia Vázquez; Otsanda Ruiz-Larrañaga; Mikel Iriondo; Carmen Manzano; Mikel Agirre; Andone Estonba; Maria V. Geijo; Elena Molina; Iker A. Sevilla; Marta Alonso-Hearn; Nieves Gomez; Valentin Perez; Adoracion Cortes; Joseba M. Garrido. Association between combinations of genetic polymorphisms and epidemiopathogenic forms of bovine paratuberculosis. Heliyon 2018, 4, e00535 .
AMA StyleRamon A. Juste, Patricia Vázquez, Otsanda Ruiz-Larrañaga, Mikel Iriondo, Carmen Manzano, Mikel Agirre, Andone Estonba, Maria V. Geijo, Elena Molina, Iker A. Sevilla, Marta Alonso-Hearn, Nieves Gomez, Valentin Perez, Adoracion Cortes, Joseba M. Garrido. Association between combinations of genetic polymorphisms and epidemiopathogenic forms of bovine paratuberculosis. Heliyon. 2018; 4 (2):e00535.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamon A. Juste; Patricia Vázquez; Otsanda Ruiz-Larrañaga; Mikel Iriondo; Carmen Manzano; Mikel Agirre; Andone Estonba; Maria V. Geijo; Elena Molina; Iker A. Sevilla; Marta Alonso-Hearn; Nieves Gomez; Valentin Perez; Adoracion Cortes; Joseba M. Garrido. 2018. "Association between combinations of genetic polymorphisms and epidemiopathogenic forms of bovine paratuberculosis." Heliyon 4, no. 2: e00535.
Campylobacter is the main cause of gastroenteritis in humans in industrialized countries, and poultry is its principal reservoir and source of human infections. Dietary supplementation of broiler feed with additives could improve productive performance and elicit health benefits that might reduce Campylobacter contamination during primary production. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with whey (a prebiotic) and calcium butyrate (a salt of a short-chain fatty acid) on productive traits, duodenal histological integrity, and Campylobacter colonization and dissemination in broiler chickens during the 42-day rearing period. Six hundred one-day-old Ross-308 chickens were placed into 20 ground pens and assigned to one of 4 corn/soybean-based dietary treatments (5 replicates of 30 chicks per treatment) following a randomized complete block design: 1) basal diet with no supplementation as the control, 2) diet supplemented with 6% dry whey powder, 3) diet containing 0.1% coated calcium butyrate, and 4) diet containing 6% whey and 0.1% calcium butyrate. At age 15 days, 6 chickens per pen were experimentally inoculated with Campylobacter jejuni. The results showed that supplementation of the corn/soybean-based diet with 6% whey alone or, preferably, in combination with 0.1% coated calcium butyrate improved growth and feed efficiency, had a beneficial effect on duodenal villus integrity, and decreased mortality. These favourable effects were particularly significant during the starter period. Six days after oral challenge, Campylobacter was widespread in the flock, and the birds remained positive until the end of the rearing period. Although Campylobacter was not isolated from environmental samples, it was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in dust, air filters, and drinkers while birds shed culturable C. jejuni cells. No differences (p > 0.050) in colonization or shedding levels that could be attributed to the diet were observed during the assay. Beneficial effects on performance and intestinal health were observed, particularly during the starter period, when chickens were fed a diet supplemented with both whey and coated calcium butyrate. However, none of the tested diets provided the chicks any differential degree of protection against Campylobacter infection.
Medelin Ocejo; Beatriz Oporto; Ramón A. Juste; Ana Hurtado. Effects of dry whey powder and calcium butyrate supplementation of corn/soybean-based diets on productive performance, duodenal histological integrity, and Campylobacter colonization in broilers. BMC Veterinary Research 2017, 13, 199 .
AMA StyleMedelin Ocejo, Beatriz Oporto, Ramón A. Juste, Ana Hurtado. Effects of dry whey powder and calcium butyrate supplementation of corn/soybean-based diets on productive performance, duodenal histological integrity, and Campylobacter colonization in broilers. BMC Veterinary Research. 2017; 13 (1):199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedelin Ocejo; Beatriz Oporto; Ramón A. Juste; Ana Hurtado. 2017. "Effects of dry whey powder and calcium butyrate supplementation of corn/soybean-based diets on productive performance, duodenal histological integrity, and Campylobacter colonization in broilers." BMC Veterinary Research 13, no. 1: 199.
Innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in multicellular organisms and was considered to lack memory until very recently. One of its more characteristic mechanisms is phagocytosis, the ability of cells to engulf, process and eventually destroy any injuring agent. We report the results of an ex vivo experiment in bovine macrophages in which improved clearance of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) was induced by pre-exposure to a heat killed M. bovis preparation. The effects were independent of humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses and lasted up to six months. Specifically, our results demonstrate the existence of a training effect in the lytic phase of phagocytosis that can be activated by killed mycobacteria, thus suggesting a new mechanism of vaccine protection. These findings are compatible with the recently proposed concept of trained immunity, which was developed to explain the observation that innate immune responses provide unspecific protection against pathogens including other than those that originally triggered the immune response.
Ramon A. Juste; Marta Alonso-Hearn; Joseba M. Garrido; Naiara Abendaño; Iker A. Sevilla; Christian Gortazar; José De La Fuente; Lucas Dominguez. Increased Lytic Efficiency of Bovine Macrophages Trained with Killed Mycobacteria. PLOS ONE 2016, 11, e0165607 .
AMA StyleRamon A. Juste, Marta Alonso-Hearn, Joseba M. Garrido, Naiara Abendaño, Iker A. Sevilla, Christian Gortazar, José De La Fuente, Lucas Dominguez. Increased Lytic Efficiency of Bovine Macrophages Trained with Killed Mycobacteria. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11 (11):e0165607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamon A. Juste; Marta Alonso-Hearn; Joseba M. Garrido; Naiara Abendaño; Iker A. Sevilla; Christian Gortazar; José De La Fuente; Lucas Dominguez. 2016. "Increased Lytic Efficiency of Bovine Macrophages Trained with Killed Mycobacteria." PLOS ONE 11, no. 11: e0165607.