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Ceramic tiles and ceramic tile adhesives (CTA) are two impressive materials that have changed construction history. Ceramic tiles could not provide their beauty and durability for buildings when used as a covering both for the inside and exterior finishing without CTA. Nowadays, they are complex multi-component systems. Among the various CTAs, cementitious products are the most commonly used. This article presents an extensive review of the literature, showing how they are perceived in the scientific literature today. In this paper, an attempt is made to review individual adhesives’ ingredients’ effects on their properties, with particular reference to redispersible polymer powders and methylcellulose ethers. The article presents the basics of the CTAs, assessing and verifying the constancy of their performance in force in European Union countries. Furthermore, it gives a critical review of CTA’s normalized measurement methodologies. The study also draws attention to the need to consider measurement uncertainty in decision-making and conformity assessment, supported by an analysis of the results of multi-annual inter-laboratory studies and market surveillance tests. Future research suggestions are also made based on the review, mainly from the adhesive manufacturer’s perspective.
Jacek Michalak. Ceramic Tile Adhesives from the Producer’s Perspective: A Literature Review. Ceramics 2021, 4, 378 -390.
AMA StyleJacek Michalak. Ceramic Tile Adhesives from the Producer’s Perspective: A Literature Review. Ceramics. 2021; 4 (3):378-390.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak. 2021. "Ceramic Tile Adhesives from the Producer’s Perspective: A Literature Review." Ceramics 4, no. 3: 378-390.
The ongoing global climate change and the associated environmental degradation pose a threat to Europe and the rest of the world. Raw materials and energy are required to produce building materials, which are used for construction purposes. Resulting buildings and structures generate waste during construction, operation, and demolition, and they emit potentially harmful substances. Thus, the key to achieving climate goals is to support low-emission materials and technologies in the construction sector, significantly impacting the environment. In the European Union, building materials are not yet subject to mandatory sustainability assessment during the assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP). Objective evaluation of construction materials’ environmental impact requires it to be carried out based on production data on an industrial scale. This article presents the environmental impact of premixed gypsum-based plasters, commonly used in modern construction. Nine environmental indicators (global warming potential (GWP), depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer (ODP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), formation potential of tropospheric ozone (POCP), abiotic depletion potential (ADP)-elements, ADP-fossil fuels, renewable primary energy resources (PERT), and nonrenewable primary energy resources (PERNT)) of premixed gypsum plasters based on natural and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum were estimated and discussed. Knowledge of the construction products’ environmental impact is fundamental for creating reliable databases. AVCP of construction materials in the future will use the data collected during the voluntary environmental impact evaluation.
Edyta Baran; Sebastian Czernik; Mariusz Hynowski; Bartosz Michałowski; Michał Piasecki; Justyna Tomaszewska; Jacek Michalak. Quantifying Environmental Burdens of Plasters Based on Natural vs. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4298 .
AMA StyleEdyta Baran, Sebastian Czernik, Mariusz Hynowski, Bartosz Michałowski, Michał Piasecki, Justyna Tomaszewska, Jacek Michalak. Quantifying Environmental Burdens of Plasters Based on Natural vs. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdyta Baran; Sebastian Czernik; Mariusz Hynowski; Bartosz Michałowski; Michał Piasecki; Justyna Tomaszewska; Jacek Michalak. 2021. "Quantifying Environmental Burdens of Plasters Based on Natural vs. Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4298.
The building sector is one of the most critical branches of the economy influencing global warming today. Following the European Union’s Construction Products Regulation (CPR), the sustainable use of natural resources in construction is one of the seven basic buildings’ requirements. However, due to the lack of provisions in this regard, construction products are not yet subject to mandatory assessment and verification of the constancy of performance in this area. The paper presents the research results with the participation of 842 respondents who are investors, architects, contractors, and sellers of building materials. The analysis of their perceptions of issues related to the term sustainable development and knowledge of selected documents functioning in construction is presented. The share of people who correctly assigned the term sustainable development to equal treatment of environmental protection, economic development, and social development ranged between 52.5% and 65.7%. Knowledge of people associated with construction about the role of the declaration of performance (DoP) of construction products is high (from 73.9% to 99.4% correct answers). For Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), lower knowledge of this document’s role was noted, from 24.1% to 56.5% of correct answers. The obtained results indicate the need for further education.
Jacek Michalak; Bartosz Michałowski. Understanding of Construction Product Assessment Issues and Sustainability among Investors, Architects, Contractors, and Sellers of Construction Products in Poland. Energies 2021, 14, 1941 .
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, Bartosz Michałowski. Understanding of Construction Product Assessment Issues and Sustainability among Investors, Architects, Contractors, and Sellers of Construction Products in Poland. Energies. 2021; 14 (7):1941.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; Bartosz Michałowski. 2021. "Understanding of Construction Product Assessment Issues and Sustainability among Investors, Architects, Contractors, and Sellers of Construction Products in Poland." Energies 14, no. 7: 1941.
The paper shows the results of the estimation of environmental impacts and aspects of external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) with expanded polystyrene (EPS) or mineralwool (MW) boards coveredwith an adhesive for a base coat and silicone-silicate render as the top layer. The environmental impact indicators of the considered systems were calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. Analysis has covered modules from A1 to A3, i.e., from raw material extraction to the finished product delivered to the factory gate.Comparing the values of the environmental characteristics indicators for the production of ETICSwith EPS orMWboards shows that systemswithmineral wool constitute a more significant burden on the environment.
Sebastian Czernik; Marta Marcinek; Bartosz Michałowski; Michał Piasecki; Justyna Tomaszewska; Jacek Michalak. Charakterystyka środowiskowa złożonych zestawów izolacji cieplnej (ETICS) z płytami z ekspandowanego polistyrenu i wełny mineralnej. MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 2021, 1, 42 -46.
AMA StyleSebastian Czernik, Marta Marcinek, Bartosz Michałowski, Michał Piasecki, Justyna Tomaszewska, Jacek Michalak. Charakterystyka środowiskowa złożonych zestawów izolacji cieplnej (ETICS) z płytami z ekspandowanego polistyrenu i wełny mineralnej. MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE. 2021; 1 (3):42-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Czernik; Marta Marcinek; Bartosz Michałowski; Michał Piasecki; Justyna Tomaszewska; Jacek Michalak. 2021. "Charakterystyka środowiskowa złożonych zestawów izolacji cieplnej (ETICS) z płytami z ekspandowanego polistyrenu i wełny mineralnej." MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, no. 3: 42-46.
Energy saving is one of the strategic challenges facing our civilization today. Without decisive actions to reduce energy consumption, it is impossible to maintain the current standard of living. Energy consumption for heating and cooling purposes is one of the primary energy consumption sources in many countries. The external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS), which is today the most widely used solution in EU countries, increases buildings’ energy efficiency. This article investigates the impact of producing cementitious adhesives, as part of ETICS with expanded polystyrene (EPS) or mineral wool (MW), on the natural environment using the cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) method. Cementitious adhesives have a relatively low impact on most of the environmental indicators analyzed in the paper concerning other ETICS components. The paper aims to raise awareness of the importance of the environmental impact related to the production of cementitious adhesives. Knowledge of the construction products’ environmental impact is fundamental for creating reliable databases, based on which, in the future, their environmental requirements will be determined. The environmental performance of building elements is essential for the correct determination of the buildings’ sustainability.
Sebastian Czernik; Marta Marcinek; Bartosz Michałowski; Michał Piasecki; Justyna Tomaszewska; Jacek Michalak. Environmental Footprint of Cementitious Adhesives—Components of ETICS. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8998 .
AMA StyleSebastian Czernik, Marta Marcinek, Bartosz Michałowski, Michał Piasecki, Justyna Tomaszewska, Jacek Michalak. Environmental Footprint of Cementitious Adhesives—Components of ETICS. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Czernik; Marta Marcinek; Bartosz Michałowski; Michał Piasecki; Justyna Tomaszewska; Jacek Michalak. 2020. "Environmental Footprint of Cementitious Adhesives—Components of ETICS." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8998.
Assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVCP) is a complex process. Without it, the manufacturer cannot mark the product with the Conformitè Europëenne (CE) marking and place it on the EU market. The verification of the correctness of the AVCP is carried out by market surveillance. In Poland, supervision authorities regularly check manufacturers by collecting construction products that exist on the market for inspection. Among the dry-mix mortars, adhesives for ceramic tiles (CTA) constitute an essential group. The requirements for CTAs are specified in EN 12004. According to the standard, the basic characteristics of cementitious CTAs are tensile adhesion strength and open time. The adhesion measurements are performed after various laboratory conditions tests. The study analyzes the results obtained for 129 samples of cementitious CTAs, collected between the years 2016 and 2019 from the market, and tested in notified laboratories at the request of Polish construction supervision authorities. Many tested products did not meet the threshold values, which resulted in removing them from the market. The paper discusses the complexity of the tensile adhesion strength measurement. The obtained test results are considered in various dimensions, including using the simple acceptance rule method when evaluating the results, which does not consider the measurement uncertainty.
Mateusz Łukasik; Bartosz Michałowski; Jacek Michalak. Assessment of the Constancy of Performance of Cementitious Adhesives for Ceramic Tiles: Analysis of the Test Results Commissioned by Polish Market Surveillance Authorities. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6561 .
AMA StyleMateusz Łukasik, Bartosz Michałowski, Jacek Michalak. Assessment of the Constancy of Performance of Cementitious Adhesives for Ceramic Tiles: Analysis of the Test Results Commissioned by Polish Market Surveillance Authorities. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (18):6561.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMateusz Łukasik; Bartosz Michałowski; Jacek Michalak. 2020. "Assessment of the Constancy of Performance of Cementitious Adhesives for Ceramic Tiles: Analysis of the Test Results Commissioned by Polish Market Surveillance Authorities." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18: 6561.
The external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) improves the energy efficiency of buildings, and nowadays, this method is the most popular to insulate buildings in many European Union (EU) countries. The article presents the impact of producing ETICS with expanded polystyrene (EPS) or mineral wool (MW) on the natural environment using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The data used in the calculations, related to 2017 real production, were obtained from the externally verified inventory from five manufacturing plants located in different regions of Poland. The LCA of the examined products covered modules from A1 to A3 (cradle-to-gate), according to EN 15804 standard. The study determines and analyses the values of basic indicators related to environmental impacts and environmental aspects of resource use. It comprises indicators calculated for 1 m2 ETICS for five thicknesses of the mentioned thermal insulation materials. Results show that for all environmental indicators, MW systems are characterized by a more negative environmental impact than the equivalent systems with EPS. The study aims to highlight knowledge about ETICS sustainability. The data presented in work are essential for assessment in terms of the sustainable development of ETICS. Such an evaluation is not just a need for the future but a necessity for the present.
Jacek Michalak; Sebastian Czernik; Marta Marcinek; Bartosz Michałowski. Environmental burdens of External Thermal Insulation Systems. Expanded Polystyrene vs. Mineral Wool: Case Study from Poland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4532 .
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, Sebastian Czernik, Marta Marcinek, Bartosz Michałowski. Environmental burdens of External Thermal Insulation Systems. Expanded Polystyrene vs. Mineral Wool: Case Study from Poland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; Sebastian Czernik; Marta Marcinek; Bartosz Michałowski. 2020. "Environmental burdens of External Thermal Insulation Systems. Expanded Polystyrene vs. Mineral Wool: Case Study from Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4532.
Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Marcin Kulesza; Jacek Michalak. Zmiany w ocenie i weryfikacji stałości właściwości użytkowych cementowych zapraw klejących do płytek ceramicznych w ostatnim trzydziestoleciu. MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 2020, 1, 4 -8.
AMA StyleMarcin Kulesza, Jacek Michalak. Zmiany w ocenie i weryfikacji stałości właściwości użytkowych cementowych zapraw klejących do płytek ceramicznych w ostatnim trzydziestoleciu. MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE. 2020; 1 (5):4-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Kulesza; Jacek Michalak. 2020. "Zmiany w ocenie i weryfikacji stałości właściwości użytkowych cementowych zapraw klejących do płytek ceramicznych w ostatnim trzydziestoleciu." MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, no. 5: 4-8.
External thermal insulation systems (ETICS) are relevant facade applications of functional components allowing to reduce energy consumption in buildings to fulfill the provisions of nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEBs). ETICS systems generally are made of adhesives, thermal insulation material, renders with mesh reinforcement, primers, and finish coats. Their main parameters are thermal characteristics and durability, both determined by the specific composition of the systems. Growing concerns on the environment and depletion of natural resources drive the need for the determination of the environmental characteristic of ETICS due to its growing market demand. This analysis focuses on a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a commonly used EPS based ETICS system with four different renderings, produced in several locations. The scope of this study concerns raw materials extraction, transport, production, and energy provision up to the finished, packed, and ready-for-sale product at the factory gate. The authors compared the environmental impact allocated to the 1 m2 of the produced system by taking into account the thickness of EPS and within different environmental impact categories. The results of the current impacts were compared to those obtained five years earlier, considering the technological and environmental progress of the production process.
Bartosz Michałowski; Marta Marcinek; Justyna Tomaszewska; Sebastian Czernik; Michał Piasecki; Robert Geryło; Jacek Michalak. Influence of Rendering Type on the Environmental Characteristics of Expanded Polystyrene-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System. Buildings 2020, 10, 47 .
AMA StyleBartosz Michałowski, Marta Marcinek, Justyna Tomaszewska, Sebastian Czernik, Michał Piasecki, Robert Geryło, Jacek Michalak. Influence of Rendering Type on the Environmental Characteristics of Expanded Polystyrene-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System. Buildings. 2020; 10 (3):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBartosz Michałowski; Marta Marcinek; Justyna Tomaszewska; Sebastian Czernik; Michał Piasecki; Robert Geryło; Jacek Michalak. 2020. "Influence of Rendering Type on the Environmental Characteristics of Expanded Polystyrene-Based External Thermal Insulation Composite System." Buildings 10, no. 3: 47.
Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informuj
Bartosz Michałowski; Jacek Michalak. Charakterystyka środowiskowa systemów ETICS w latach 2014-2019. MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 2019, 1, 22 -25.
AMA StyleBartosz Michałowski, Jacek Michalak. Charakterystyka środowiskowa systemów ETICS w latach 2014-2019. MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE. 2019; 1 (12):22-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBartosz Michałowski; Jacek Michalak. 2019. "Charakterystyka środowiskowa systemów ETICS w latach 2014-2019." MATERIAŁY BUDOWLANE 1, no. 12: 22-25.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Jacek Michalak; J. Gebicki; T. Bally. ChemInform Abstract: Radiation Induced Transformations of Benzaldehydes Carrying Formyl, Nitro or Nitroso Substituents in the ortho Position. ChemInform 2010, 24, 1 .
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, J. Gebicki, T. Bally. ChemInform Abstract: Radiation Induced Transformations of Benzaldehydes Carrying Formyl, Nitro or Nitroso Substituents in the ortho Position. ChemInform. 2010; 24 (44):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; J. Gebicki; T. Bally. 2010. "ChemInform Abstract: Radiation Induced Transformations of Benzaldehydes Carrying Formyl, Nitro or Nitroso Substituents in the ortho Position." ChemInform 24, no. 44: 1.
ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Jacek Michalak; H. B. Zhai; M. S. Platz. ChemInform Abstract: The Photochemistry of Various Para-Substituted Tetrafluorophenyl Azides in Acidic Media and the Formation of Nitrenium Ions. ChemInform 2010, 27, 1 .
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, H. B. Zhai, M. S. Platz. ChemInform Abstract: The Photochemistry of Various Para-Substituted Tetrafluorophenyl Azides in Acidic Media and the Formation of Nitrenium Ions. ChemInform. 2010; 27 (48):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; H. B. Zhai; M. S. Platz. 2010. "ChemInform Abstract: The Photochemistry of Various Para-Substituted Tetrafluorophenyl Azides in Acidic Media and the Formation of Nitrenium Ions." ChemInform 27, no. 48: 1.
J. Michalak: "Polymer modified factory-made dry mortars as modern building materials", Polimery, No 5/2004, 346. Nowadays modified formulated dry-mix mortars have become inseparable part of the modern building technologies and practice...
Jacek Michalak. Polymer modified factory-made dry mortars as modern building materials. Polimery 2004, 49, 346 -349.
AMA StyleJacek Michalak. Polymer modified factory-made dry mortars as modern building materials. Polimery. 2004; 49 (5):346-349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak. 2004. "Polymer modified factory-made dry mortars as modern building materials." Polimery 49, no. 5: 346-349.
Laser flash photolysis (LFP, XeCl, 308 nm, 20 ns) of phenyldiazomethane (PDM), o-tolydiazomethane (TDM) and mesitydiazomethane (MDM) produces phenylcarbene (PC), o-tolycarbene (TC) and mesitylcarbene (MSC), respectively. Transient spectra of PC and TC could not be detected in pentane at ambient temperature; however, these carbenes could be trapped with pyridine to form UV–Vis-active ylides. The rate of formation of these ylides was resolved in CF2ClCFCl2 (Freon-113) and yields, after analysis, values of kpyr and τ, where kpyr is the absolute rate constant of the reaction of the spin equilibrated carbene with pyridine and τ is the carbene lifetime in Freon-113 in the absence of pyridine. LFP of MDM produces the transient spectra of both triplet MSC and 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-benzoquinodimethane (3,5-BQM). The lifetime of 3MSC in pentane is ca 500 ns. 3MSC reacts with pyridine with an apparent rate constant of kpyr=1·35×107 M−1 s−1. The decay of 3MSC in a variety of solvents does not lead to increased absorption of 3,5-BQM in solution, nor does the presence of a carbene scavenger (methanol) lead to a reduction in yield of 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-benzoquinodimethane upon LFP of precursor. Thus, the decay of 3MSC in solution does not lead to the formation of quinodimethane. This species (3,5-BQM) is formed, instead, by a hydrogen atom transfer in the excited state of the precursor. Product analysis reveals that the excited state rearrangement which forms xylylene is a minor process. Photolysis of MDM in a nitrogen matrix at 10 K leads to the UV–Vis spectra of matrix-isolated triplet mesitylcarbene and 3,5-BQM. The carbene rearranges slowly to 3,5-BQM in the cryogenic matrix, in contrast to its behavior in solution. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atnaf Admasu; Matthew S. Platz; Andrzej Marcinek; Jacek Michalak; Jerzy Gebicki. LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF PHENYLCARBENE,o-TOLYLCARBENE AND MESITYLCARBENE. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1997, 10, 207 -220.
AMA StyleAtnaf Admasu, Matthew S. Platz, Andrzej Marcinek, Jacek Michalak, Jerzy Gebicki. LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF PHENYLCARBENE,o-TOLYLCARBENE AND MESITYLCARBENE. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry. 1997; 10 (4):207-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAtnaf Admasu; Matthew S. Platz; Andrzej Marcinek; Jacek Michalak; Jerzy Gebicki. 1997. "LASER FLASH PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF PHENYLCARBENE,o-TOLYLCARBENE AND MESITYLCARBENE." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10, no. 4: 207-220.
Jacek Michalak; Hong Bin Zhai; Matthew S. Platz. The Photochemistry of Various Para-Substituted Tetrafluorophenyl Azides in Acidic Media and the Formation of Nitrenium Ions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry 1996, 100, 14028 -14036.
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, Hong Bin Zhai, Matthew S. Platz. The Photochemistry of Various Para-Substituted Tetrafluorophenyl Azides in Acidic Media and the Formation of Nitrenium Ions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1996; 100 (33):14028-14036.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; Hong Bin Zhai; Matthew S. Platz. 1996. "The Photochemistry of Various Para-Substituted Tetrafluorophenyl Azides in Acidic Media and the Formation of Nitrenium Ions." The Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, no. 33: 14028-14036.
5-Azido-8-alkoxy psoralens were synthesized. Laser flash photolysis (LFP: XeF, 351 nm, 55 mJ, 17 ns) of the azides in acetonitrile or benzene solution produces the triplet nitrene and a small amount of ketenimine. Laser flash photolysis of the azides in methanol or aqueous solution cleanly produces the triplet nitrene. In aqueous solution containing highly polymerized calf thymus DNA, LFP produces a mixture of triplet nitrene and ketenimine corresponding to photolysis of free and bound psoralen, respectively. The two transients decay slowly but at different rates. Assignment of the transient spectra were secured by matrix EPR and UV-visible spectroscopy. The triplet nitrene lifetime is the same in buffer and in the presence and absence of calf thymus DNA. The results explain why psoralen azides are unable to efficiently nick plasmid DNA pBR322 upon UV activation.
Tongqian Chen; Jacek Michalak; Matthew S. Platz. EXPLORATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 5-AZIDO-8-ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED PSORALENS FREE AND BOUND TO DNA. Photochemistry and Photobiology 1995, 61, 600 -606.
AMA StyleTongqian Chen, Jacek Michalak, Matthew S. Platz. EXPLORATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 5-AZIDO-8-ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED PSORALENS FREE AND BOUND TO DNA. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 1995; 61 (6):600-606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTongqian Chen; Jacek Michalak; Matthew S. Platz. 1995. "EXPLORATORY PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 5-AZIDO-8-ALKOXY-SUBSTITUTED PSORALENS FREE AND BOUND TO DNA." Photochemistry and Photobiology 61, no. 6: 600-606.
Upon X-ray irradiation of o -nitrotoluene isolated in an argon matrix an aci-nitro isomer of the radical cation, characterized by UV-VIS and IR spectroscopy, is formed as a result of spontaneous intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer between the o -methyl and nitro groups in the ionized molecule. Relative conformer distribution of the aci-nitro radical cation can be changed by photolysis with visible light. Along with the ionic species traces of neutral products were also seen.
Jacek Michalak; Thomas Bally; Jerzy Gȩbicki. X-ray radiolysis of matrix-isolated o-nitrotoluene. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 1995, 45, 749 -751.
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, Thomas Bally, Jerzy Gȩbicki. X-ray radiolysis of matrix-isolated o-nitrotoluene. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 1995; 45 (5):749-751.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; Thomas Bally; Jerzy Gȩbicki. 1995. "X-ray radiolysis of matrix-isolated o-nitrotoluene." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 45, no. 5: 749-751.
B. Kozankiewicz; A. Despres; V. Lejeune; E. Migirdicyan; D. Olson; J. Michalak; M. S. Platz. Evidence by Optical Spectroscopy and EPR for the Light-Induced Conformational Isomerization of 2-Naphthylphenylcarbene in n-Heptane Shpolskii Matrix. The Journal of Physical Chemistry 1994, 98, 10419 -10426.
AMA StyleB. Kozankiewicz, A. Despres, V. Lejeune, E. Migirdicyan, D. Olson, J. Michalak, M. S. Platz. Evidence by Optical Spectroscopy and EPR for the Light-Induced Conformational Isomerization of 2-Naphthylphenylcarbene in n-Heptane Shpolskii Matrix. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1994; 98 (41):10419-10426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB. Kozankiewicz; A. Despres; V. Lejeune; E. Migirdicyan; D. Olson; J. Michalak; M. S. Platz. 1994. "Evidence by Optical Spectroscopy and EPR for the Light-Induced Conformational Isomerization of 2-Naphthylphenylcarbene in n-Heptane Shpolskii Matrix." The Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 41: 10419-10426.
Photochemically induced hydrogen–deuterium and hydrogen–tritium exchange between o‐methylbenzophenone and labelled methanol is shown to be catalysed by sodium carbonate. Both the (E) and (Z)‐photoenols participate in the exchange reaction whereas in absence of the catalyst only the (E)‐photoenol is reactive. Analysis of the measured quantum yields for hydrogen isotope exchange reaction allowed the determination of the relative population of transient photoenols and to its comparison with that obtained from the flash photolysis experiments. Both hydrogen kinetic and solvent isotope effects are discussed.
Jacek Michalak; Marian Wolszczak; Jerzy Gȩbicki. Base catalysed photochemically induced hydrogen isotope exchange ino-methylbenzophenone. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1993, 6, 465 -470.
AMA StyleJacek Michalak, Marian Wolszczak, Jerzy Gȩbicki. Base catalysed photochemically induced hydrogen isotope exchange ino-methylbenzophenone. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry. 1993; 6 (8):465-470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Michalak; Marian Wolszczak; Jerzy Gȩbicki. 1993. "Base catalysed photochemically induced hydrogen isotope exchange ino-methylbenzophenone." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 6, no. 8: 465-470.
Jan Adamus; Jacek Rogowski; Jacek Michalak; Piotr Paneth; Jerzy Gebicki; Andrzej Marcinek; Matthew S. Platz. Photochemical and radiolytic cleavage of 10-methylacridine dimer in solutions and cryogenic glasses. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1993, 6, 254 -256.
AMA StyleJan Adamus, Jacek Rogowski, Jacek Michalak, Piotr Paneth, Jerzy Gebicki, Andrzej Marcinek, Matthew S. Platz. Photochemical and radiolytic cleavage of 10-methylacridine dimer in solutions and cryogenic glasses. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry. 1993; 6 (4):254-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Adamus; Jacek Rogowski; Jacek Michalak; Piotr Paneth; Jerzy Gebicki; Andrzej Marcinek; Matthew S. Platz. 1993. "Photochemical and radiolytic cleavage of 10-methylacridine dimer in solutions and cryogenic glasses." Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 6, no. 4: 254-256.