In this study, activated carbon derived from mangosteen peel (abbreviated as ACMP) was successfully fabricated. This as-prepared ACMP possessed graphite and had a porous structure with a specific surface area of 419.8554 m²/g. Investigations of the influencing factors on the ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption capability of the ACMP based on the static adsorption method showed that: adsorption equilibrium can be achieved in 60 min, the optimal pH for CIP adsorption was a pH of 6, and the optimal ratio between the material mass and solution volume was 3 g/L. The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP follows the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Elovich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm adsorption models. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated according to the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model for the CIP of the ACMP was (q_max = 29.76 mg/g). The CIP adsorption process of the ACMP followed the apparent quadratic kinetic equation, as well as spontaneous, endothermic, physical, and chemical adsorption. The adsorption rate was governed by membrane diffusion.

In this study, a nanostructured NdFeO₃ material was synthesized via a simple process of the hydrolysis of Nd (III) and Fe (III) cations in hot water with 5% NaOH as a precipitating agent. According to the results of the thermal behaviors of each hydroxide, either containing Fe (III) or Nd (III), the perovskite type of neodymium orthoferrite NdFeO₃ was simply synthesized by annealing a mixture of Fe (III) and Nd (III) hydroxides at 750 °C. The nanostructured NdFeO₃ was obtained in spherical granules with diameters of around 30 nm. The magnetic properties of the material were a coercive force (H_c) of 136.76 Oe, a remanent magnetization (M_r) of 0.68 emu·g^–1, and a saturation magnetization (M_s) of 0.79 emu·g^–1.

In this work, single-phase nanostructured NdFe_1−xCo_xO₃ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) perovskite materials were obtained by annealing stoichiochemistry mixtures of their component hydroxides at 750 °C for 60 min. The partial substitution of Fe by Co in the NdFeO₃ crystal lattice leads to significant changes in the structural characteristics, and as a consequence, also alters both the magnetic and optical properties of the resulting perovskites. The low optical band gap (E_g = 2.06 ÷ 1.46 eV) and high coercivity (H_c = 136.76 ÷ 416.06 Oe) give Co-doped NdFeO₃ nanoparticles a huge advantage for application in both photocatalysis and hard magnetic devices.

Bioactive glass 70SiO₂-30CaO (mol.%) was successfully synthesized by modified sol–gel in hot water without using an acid catalyst. TG-DSC analysis showed that the amorphous glass could be synthesized by sintering the sample at 700 °C for three hours. The N₂ adsorption/desorption and TEM investigations highlighted that the synthetic glass had a mesoporous structure, consisting of spherical particles with sizes in the range of 11–20 nm. The specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter of synthetic glass were 150.13 m²/g, 0.37 cm³/g, and 11.84 nm, respectively. Moreover, synthetic bioactive glass presented interesting bioactivity and good biocompatibility after in vitro experiments in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in cellular medium.

The paper focuses on the acid-free hydrothermal process for the synthesis of bioactive glass. The new method avoids the use of harmful acid catalysts, which are usually used in the sol-gel process. On the other hand, the processing time was reduced compared with the sol-gel method. A well-known ternary bioactive glass 58SiO₂-33CaO-9P₂O₅ (wt%), which has been widely synthesized through the sol-gel method, was selected to apply to this new process. Thermal behavior, textural property, phase composition, morphology, and ionic exchange were investigated by thermal analysis, N₂ adsorption/desorption, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis. The bioactivity and biocompatibility of synthetic bioactive glass were evaluated by in vitro experiments with a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and cell culture medium. The obtained results confirmed that the acid-free hydrothermal process is one of the ideal methods for preparing ternary bioactive glass.