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Dr. Viorica Railean-Plugaru
Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

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0 spectroscopic techniques
0 Synthesis of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles/nanocomposites
0 Flow cytometry technique
0 Antimicrobial investigation
0 Microorganism isolation

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Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The most critical group of all includes multidrug resistant bacteria that pose a particular threat in hospitals, as they can cause severe and often deadly infections. Modern medicine still faces the difficult task of developing new agents for the effective control of bacterial-based diseases. The targeted administration of nanoparticles can enhance the efficiency of conventional pharmaceutical agents. However, the interpretation of interfaces’ interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems still remains a challenge for researchers. In fact, the current research presents a strategy for using ZnO NPs immobilization with ampicillin and tetracycline. Firstly, the study provides the mechanism of the ampicillin and tetracycline binding on the surface of ZnO NPs. Secondly, it examines the effect of non-immobilized ZnO NPs, immobilized with ampicillin (ZnONPs/AMP) and tetracycline (ZnONPs/TET), on the cells’ metabolism and morphology, based on the protein and lipid profiles. A sorption kinetics study showed that the antibiotics binding on the surface of ZnONPs depend on their structure. The efficiency of the process was definitely higher in the case of ampicillin. In addition, flow cytometry results showed that immobilized nanoparticles present a different mechanism of action. Moreover, according to the MALDI approach, the antibacterial activity mechanism of the investigated ZnO complexes is mainly based on the destruction of cell membrane integrity by lipids and proteins, which is necessary for proper cell function. Additionally, it was noticed that some of the identified changes indicate the activation of defense mechanisms by cells, leading to a decrease in the permeability of a cell’s external barriers or the synthesis of repair proteins.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Rogowska; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Paweł Pomastowski; Justyna Walczak-Skierska; Anna Król-Górniak; Adrian Gołębiowski; Bogusław Buszewski. The Study on Molecular Profile Changes of Pathogens via Zinc Nanocomposites Immobilization Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 5395 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Rogowska, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Paweł Pomastowski, Justyna Walczak-Skierska, Anna Król-Górniak, Adrian Gołębiowski, Bogusław Buszewski. The Study on Molecular Profile Changes of Pathogens via Zinc Nanocomposites Immobilization Approach. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (10):5395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Rogowska; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Paweł Pomastowski; Justyna Walczak-Skierska; Anna Król-Górniak; Adrian Gołębiowski; Bogusław Buszewski. 2021. "The Study on Molecular Profile Changes of Pathogens via Zinc Nanocomposites Immobilization Approach." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10: 5395.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Considering the advent of antibiotic resistance, the study of bacterial metabolic behavior stimulated by novel antimicrobial agents becomes a relevant tool to elucidate involved adaptive pathways. Profiling of volatile metabolites was performed to monitor alterations of bacterial metabolism induced by biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from pressure ulcers, and their cultures were prepared in the presence/absence of bio-AgNPs at 12.5, 25 and 50 µg mL−1. Headspace solid phase microextraction associated to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was the employed analytical platform. At the lower concentration level, the agent promoted positive modulation of products of fermentation routes and bioactive volatiles, indicating an attempt of bacteria to adapt to an ongoing suppression of cellular respiration. Augmented response of aldehydes and other possible products of lipid oxidative cleavage was noticed for increasing levels of bio-AgNPs. The greatest concentration of agent caused a reduction of 44 to 80% in the variety of compounds found in the control samples. Pathway analysis indicated overall inhibition of amino acids and fatty acids routes. The present assessment may provide a deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms of bio-AgNPs and how the metabolic response of bacteria is untangled.

ACS Style

Fernanda Monedeiro; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski; Paweł Pomastowski; Bogusław Buszewski. Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 4696 .

AMA Style

Fernanda Monedeiro, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski, Paweł Pomastowski, Bogusław Buszewski. Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (9):4696.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernanda Monedeiro; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Maciej Monedeiro-Milanowski; Paweł Pomastowski; Bogusław Buszewski. 2021. "Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4696.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The presented studies focused on the specificity binding of particular casein fractions: αS1-, β- and κ-casein (αS1CN, βCN, κCN), with zinc ions. The binding mechanism was determined by kinetic modeling using results of batch sorption. For this goal, models of zero-order kinetics, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion were used. The formation of Zn-αS1CN, Zn-βCN and Zn-κCN complexes was additionally monitored using spectroscopic methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, characterizing active functional groups involved in the binding process. Additionally, a mass spectrometry technique—matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)—was used to characterize respective protein fractions and obtained complexes. Spectroscopic and spectrometric studies were carried out both before and after binding the protein with zinc ions. The obtained results showed the difference in Zn-αS1CN, Zn-βCN and Zn-κCN complexes created at separate kinetic stages. On the basis of instrumental studies, a significant influence of acidic (glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp)) and aromatic (tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr)) amino acids on the formation of metal complexes was proven. In turn, spectrometric studies allowed determining the molecular masses of casein isoforms before and after binding to zinc ions.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Rodzik; Paweł Pomastowski; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Myroslav Sprynskyy; Bogusław Buszewski. The Study of Zinc Ions Binding to αS1-, β- and κ-Casein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 8096 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Rodzik, Paweł Pomastowski, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Myroslav Sprynskyy, Bogusław Buszewski. The Study of Zinc Ions Binding to αS1-, β- and κ-Casein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (21):8096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Rodzik; Paweł Pomastowski; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Myroslav Sprynskyy; Bogusław Buszewski. 2020. "The Study of Zinc Ions Binding to αS1-, β- and κ-Casein." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21: 8096.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2020 in Materials
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This research presents, for the first time, the potential of the Lactobacillus paracasei LC20 isolated from sweet whey as a novel, effective and accessible source for post-cultured ZnO nanocomposites synthesis. The obtained nanocomposites were subjected to comprehensive characterization by a broad spectrum of instrumental techniques. Results of spectroscopic and microscopic analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystalline structure of ZnO in the nanometer size. The dispersion stability of the obtained nanocomposites was determined based on the zeta potential (ZP) measurements—the average ZP value was found to be −29.15 ± 1.05 mV in the 7–9 pH range. The ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) demonstrated thermal stability up to 130 °C based on the results of thermogravimetric TGA/DTG) analysis. The organic deposit on the nanoparticle surface was recorded by spectroscopic analysis in the infrared range (FT-IR). Results of the spectrometric study exhibited nanostructure-assisted laser desorption/ionization effects and also pointed out the presence of organic deposits and, what is more, allowed us to identify the specific amino acids and peptides present on the ZnO NCs surfaces. In this context, mass spectrometry (MS) data confirmed the nano-ZnO formation mechanism. Moreover, fluorescence data showed an increase in fluorescence signal in the presence of nanocomposites designed for potential use as, e.g., biosensors. Despite ZnO NCs’ luminescent properties, they can also act as promising antiseptic agents against clinically relevant pathogens. Therefore, a pilot study on the antibacterial activity of biologically synthesized ZnO NCs was carried out against four strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by using MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration). Additionally, the colony forming units (CFU) assay was performed and quantified for all bacterial cells as the percentage of viable cells in comparison to a control sample (untreated culture) The nanocomposites were effective among three pathogens with MIC values in the range of 86.25–172.5 μg/mL and showed potential as a new type of, e.g., medical path or ointment formulation.

ACS Style

Paweł Pomastowski; Anna Król-Górniak; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Bogusław Buszewski. Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites—Extracellular Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Potential. Materials 2020, 13, 4347 .

AMA Style

Paweł Pomastowski, Anna Król-Górniak, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Bogusław Buszewski. Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites—Extracellular Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Potential. Materials. 2020; 13 (19):4347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paweł Pomastowski; Anna Król-Górniak; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Bogusław Buszewski. 2020. "Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites—Extracellular Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Potential." Materials 13, no. 19: 4347.

Conference paper
Published: 30 September 2020 in Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence V; and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Micro- and Nanosystems in Security and Defence III
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SILVER NANOCOMPOSITES: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION Railean-Plugaru Viorica1*, Pomastowski Pawel 1, Buszewski Boguslaw1,2 1Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland 2Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland *Corresponding author Dr. Viorica Railean E-mail address: [email protected] The development of biological method seems to be as simple and viable alternative to chemical and physical one. Currently a lot of research including even our works refers to silver nanoparticles because of their many advantages i.e. besides of antibacterial effect against a broad range of microorganisms (bacteria, fungus, parasites), nanomaterials have spurred numerous applications in electronics, nanomedicine, biomaterials, energy, and food due to their unique properties (e.g high surface plasmon resonance). Furthermore, analyzing the nowadays increasing ecological problems, although new applications appear on the horizon, the future will be more focused on the idea of sustainable synthesis development of silver nanoparticles. Certainly, searching for new safe source for the silver composites synthesis, taking into consideration the present needs, without compromising the future generations, will be of the increased interest. One of this solution is using of LAB strain from milk and products resulting from the processing of milk (e.g whey). Therefore, the purpose of this study firstly it was to design safe source for the silver nanocomposites synthesis using bacterial strain isolated from the whey and on the another hand to carry out a detailed analysis of the physicochemical properties of the synthesized silver nanocomposites, allowing to collect the maximum amount of information on the bioparticles composites and influence of them and antibiotic systems to the antimicrobial and antioxidant effect. In this fact, a series of spectroscopy, microscopy methods and spectrometric techniques were applied. Obtained result give the potential for application of biologically synthetized AgNPs for nanostructure-assisted laser desorption/ionization (NALDI) due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of synthetized AgNCs. Metallic and nanostructured nanoparticles are chare donor for themselves and molecules bonded on their surface. Moreover, the obtained silver nanocomposites have been found to present both a high antimicrobial effect against antimicrobial pathogens as well as a high antioxidant effect. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the „Advanced biocomposites for tomorrow's economy BIOG-NET” project that is carried out within the TEAM-NET program of the Foundation for Polish Science co-financed by the European Union under the European Regional Development Fund.

ACS Style

Viorica Railean. Silver nanocomposites: synthesis, properties, and applications. Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence V; and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Micro- and Nanosystems in Security and Defence III 2020, 11540, 115401B .

AMA Style

Viorica Railean. Silver nanocomposites: synthesis, properties, and applications. Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence V; and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Micro- and Nanosystems in Security and Defence III. 2020; 11540 ():115401B.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Viorica Railean. 2020. "Silver nanocomposites: synthesis, properties, and applications." Emerging Imaging and Sensing Technologies for Security and Defence V; and Advanced Manufacturing Technologies for Micro- and Nanosystems in Security and Defence III 11540, no. : 115401B.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Materials
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. In the present research, hybrid (AgCl, Ag)NPs/diatomite composites were synthesized by direct impregnation with aqueous silver nitrate solutions. The silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) were formed as an effect of the exchange reaction when silver interacted with the diatomite mineral impurity halite. Nanoparticles of metallic silver (AgNPs) were created by the reduction of silver ions under the influence of hydrogen peroxide. The content of silver chloride nanoparticles in the (AgCl, Ag)NPs/diatomite composite was limited by the content of the halite in the used diatomite. Samples of natural diatomite and synthesized (AgCl, Ag)NPs/diatomite composites were examined by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the antibacterial potential of synthesized composites was also studied using the MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) method against the most common drug-resistant microorganisms in the medical field: Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae. The obtained hybrid (AgCl, AgNPs)/diatomite composites were shown to have antimicrobial potential. However, widespread use requires further study by using various microorganisms and additional cytotoxic studies on eukaryotic systems, e.g., cell lines and animal models.

ACS Style

Zhanar Kubasheva; Myroslav Sprynskyy; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Paweł Pomastowski; Aliya Ospanova; Bogusław Buszewski. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of (AgCl, Ag)NPs/Diatomite Hybrid Composite. Materials 2020, 13, 3409 .

AMA Style

Zhanar Kubasheva, Myroslav Sprynskyy, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Paweł Pomastowski, Aliya Ospanova, Bogusław Buszewski. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of (AgCl, Ag)NPs/Diatomite Hybrid Composite. Materials. 2020; 13 (15):3409.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhanar Kubasheva; Myroslav Sprynskyy; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Paweł Pomastowski; Aliya Ospanova; Bogusław Buszewski. 2020. "Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of (AgCl, Ag)NPs/Diatomite Hybrid Composite." Materials 13, no. 15: 3409.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Materials
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The application of silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent is becoming more common. Unfortunately, their effect on microorganisms is still not fully understood. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the influence of silver ions, biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and nanoparticles functionalized with antibiotics on molecular bacteria profiles. The initial stage of research was aimed at the mechanism determination involved in antibiotics sorption onto nanoparticles’ surface. For this purpose, the kinetics study was performed. Next, the functionalized formulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and a zeta potential study. The results reveal that functionalization is a complex process, but does not significantly affect the stability of biocolloids. Furthermore, the antimicrobial assays, in most cases, have shown no increases in antibacterial activity after nanoparticle functionalization, which suggests that the functionalization process does not always generate the improved antimicrobial effect. Finally, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique was employed to characterize the changes in the molecular profile of bacteria treated with various antibacterial agents. The recorded spectra proved many differences in bacterial lipids and proteins profiles compared to untreated cells. In addition, the statistical analysis of recorded spectra revealed the strain-dependent nature of stress factors on the molecular profile of microorganisms.

ACS Style

Bogusław Buszewski; Agnieszka Rogowska; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Michał Złoch; Justyna Walczak-Skierska; Paweł Pomastowski. The Influence of Different Forms of Silver on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria. Materials 2020, 13, 2403 .

AMA Style

Bogusław Buszewski, Agnieszka Rogowska, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Michał Złoch, Justyna Walczak-Skierska, Paweł Pomastowski. The Influence of Different Forms of Silver on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria. Materials. 2020; 13 (10):2403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bogusław Buszewski; Agnieszka Rogowska; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Michał Złoch; Justyna Walczak-Skierska; Paweł Pomastowski. 2020. "The Influence of Different Forms of Silver on Selected Pathogenic Bacteria." Materials 13, no. 10: 2403.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2019 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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The work presents the kinetic and isotherm studies of silver binding on casein, which was carried out using batch sorption technique. Moreover, the influence of light irradiation on the process was shown. In order to investigate the mechanism of metal ions sorption by casein the zero, pseudo-first order kinetics and Weber-Morris intra-particle diffusion as well as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used. Furthermore, to specify more precisely, the possible binding mechanism, the spectroscopic (FT-IR—Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman), spectrometric (MALDI-TOF MS—Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry), microscopic (SEM—Scanning Electron Microscope, TEM/EDX—Transmission Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray detector) and thermal (TGA—Thermogravimetric Analysis, DTG—Derivative Thermogravimetry) analysis were performed. Kinetic study indicates that silver binding onto casein is a heterogeneous process with two main stages: initial rapid stage related to surface adsorption onto casein with immediate creation of silver nanoparticles and slower second stage of intraglobular diffusion with silver binding in chelated form (metalloproteins) or ion-exchange form. Spectroscopic techniques confirmed the binding process and MALDI-TOF MS analysis show the dominant contribution of the α-casein in the process. Moreover, the treatment of silver-casein complex by artificial physiological fluids was performed.

ACS Style

Oleksandra Pryshchepa; Gulyaim N. Sagandykova; Paweł Pomastowski; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Anna Król; Agnieszka Rogowska; Agnieszka Rodzik; Myroslav Sprynskyy; Bogusław Buszewski. A New Approach for Spontaneous Silver Ions Immobilization onto Casein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 3864 .

AMA Style

Oleksandra Pryshchepa, Gulyaim N. Sagandykova, Paweł Pomastowski, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Anna Król, Agnieszka Rogowska, Agnieszka Rodzik, Myroslav Sprynskyy, Bogusław Buszewski. A New Approach for Spontaneous Silver Ions Immobilization onto Casein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (16):3864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oleksandra Pryshchepa; Gulyaim N. Sagandykova; Paweł Pomastowski; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Anna Król; Agnieszka Rogowska; Agnieszka Rodzik; Myroslav Sprynskyy; Bogusław Buszewski. 2019. "A New Approach for Spontaneous Silver Ions Immobilization onto Casein." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16: 3864.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2019 in Toxins
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The zearalenone binding and metabolization ability of probiotic microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis, and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from food products, were examined. Moreover, the influence of cellular stress (induced by silver nanoparticles) and lyophilization on the effectiveness of tested microorganisms was also investigated. The concentration of zearalenone after a certain time of incubation with microorganisms was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum sorption effectiveness for L. paracasei, L. lactis, and S. cerevisiae cultured in non-stress conditions was 53.3, 41.0, and 36.5%, respectively. At the same time for the same microorganisms cultured at cellular stress conditions, the maximum sorption effectiveness was improved to 55.3, 47.4, and 57.0%, respectively. Also, the effect of culture conditions on the morphology of the cells and its metabolism was examined using microscopic technique and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, respectively.

ACS Style

Agnieszka Rogowska; Paweł Pomastowski; Justyna Walczak; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Joanna Rudnicka; Bogusław Buszewski. Investigation of Zearalenone Adsorption and Biotransformation by Microorganisms Cultured under Cellular Stress Conditions. Toxins 2019, 11, 463 .

AMA Style

Agnieszka Rogowska, Paweł Pomastowski, Justyna Walczak, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Joanna Rudnicka, Bogusław Buszewski. Investigation of Zearalenone Adsorption and Biotransformation by Microorganisms Cultured under Cellular Stress Conditions. Toxins. 2019; 11 (8):463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Agnieszka Rogowska; Paweł Pomastowski; Justyna Walczak; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Joanna Rudnicka; Bogusław Buszewski. 2019. "Investigation of Zearalenone Adsorption and Biotransformation by Microorganisms Cultured under Cellular Stress Conditions." Toxins 11, no. 8: 463.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
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In this study, an acidophilic actinobacteria strain was used as a novel reducing agent for a single-step synthesis of nanostructure silver particles. We used a Streptacidiphilus durhamensis HGG16n isolate for efficient synthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticles [bio(AgNPs)] in an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and nontoxic manner. The obtained bio(AgNPs) exhibited unique physicochemical and biochemical properties.Structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized biocolloids were characterized by spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy approaches. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the well- and disc-diffusion methods.The obtained crystalline structure and stable biosynthesized silver nanoparticles ranged in size from 8 nm to 48 nm and were mostly spherical in shape. Antimicrobial assays of the silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus mirabilis, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, the synergistic effect of bio(AgNPs) with various commercially available antibiotics was also evaluated.These results provide insight into the development of new antimicrobial agents along with synergistic enhancement of the antibacterial mechanism against clinical bacteria.

ACS Style

Bogusław Buszewski; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Paweł Pomastowski; Katarzyna Rafińska; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Patrycja Golinska; Magdalena Wypij; Dariusz Laskowski; Hanna Dahm. Antimicrobial activity of biosilver nanoparticles produced by a novel Streptacidiphilus durhamensis strain. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 2018, 51, 45 -54.

AMA Style

Bogusław Buszewski, Viorica Railean-Plugaru, Paweł Pomastowski, Katarzyna Rafińska, Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska, Patrycja Golinska, Magdalena Wypij, Dariusz Laskowski, Hanna Dahm. Antimicrobial activity of biosilver nanoparticles produced by a novel Streptacidiphilus durhamensis strain. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2018; 51 (1):45-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bogusław Buszewski; Viorica Railean-Plugaru; Paweł Pomastowski; Katarzyna Rafińska; Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska; Patrycja Golinska; Magdalena Wypij; Dariusz Laskowski; Hanna Dahm. 2018. "Antimicrobial activity of biosilver nanoparticles produced by a novel Streptacidiphilus durhamensis strain." Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 51, no. 1: 45-54.