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Silvio Nocera; Maria Attard. Active travel and mobility management. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2021, 100663 .
AMA StyleSilvio Nocera, Maria Attard. Active travel and mobility management. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2021; ():100663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvio Nocera; Maria Attard. 2021. "Active travel and mobility management." Research in Transportation Business & Management , no. : 100663.
Cities around the world are moving away from the car-centric infrastructure, urban design and planning policies prevalent since the 1950s and promoting sustainable mobility as an alternative, including cycling. As such, Bicycle Sharing Systems (BSS) have emerged as a transport innovation across the globe. Cycling modal share however remains low in most Southern European island cities. These cities exhibit certain characteristics considered as barriers to cycling, such as hot summers and high humidity, hilliness, and car-oriented culture and infrastructure. Despite this, BSS and policies promoting cycling have emerged in this region as well. These have the potential to provide alternatives for those marginalized by car-based mobility and to reduce traffic related diseases and injuries, noise and air pollution, which can contribute to an improved quality of life for all citizens. Using the Mediterranean island city of Limassol (Cyprus) as a case study, the utilization of bicycle sharing is investigated by constructing regression models to assess the influence of spatial and temporal factors on the demand for BSS use at stations. From the regression models it appears that land use factors such as residential, commercial and park land use, as well as the presence of the beach and cycling paths positively influences frequency of use, as does higher network connectivity. While higher tourist arrivals have a positive effect, the presence of hotels in a 300 m buffer around the stations does not. Higher rainfall, as well as higher temperatures, are associated with a decrease in BSS use. Explicitly incorporating spatial dependence, in Spatial Auto-Regressive (SAR) models, led to the formulation of models with comparable or better explanatory power, when compared to the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models. The insights from the regression models can be used to inform policies promoting cycling and the design and planning of BSS (expansion) in Limassol and other cities.
Suzanne Maas; Paraskevas Nikolaou; Maria Attard; Loukas Dimitriou. Spatial and temporal analysis of shared bicycle use in Limassol, Cyprus. Journal of Transport Geography 2021, 93, 103049 .
AMA StyleSuzanne Maas, Paraskevas Nikolaou, Maria Attard, Loukas Dimitriou. Spatial and temporal analysis of shared bicycle use in Limassol, Cyprus. Journal of Transport Geography. 2021; 93 ():103049.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzanne Maas; Paraskevas Nikolaou; Maria Attard; Loukas Dimitriou. 2021. "Spatial and temporal analysis of shared bicycle use in Limassol, Cyprus." Journal of Transport Geography 93, no. : 103049.
Silvio Nocera; Maria Attard. Editorial: Social and health implications of active travel policies. Research in Transportation Economics 2021, 86, 101071 .
AMA StyleSilvio Nocera, Maria Attard. Editorial: Social and health implications of active travel policies. Research in Transportation Economics. 2021; 86 ():101071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvio Nocera; Maria Attard. 2021. "Editorial: Social and health implications of active travel policies." Research in Transportation Economics 86, no. : 101071.
Bicycle sharing systems (BSSs) have been implemented in cities worldwide in an attempt to promote cycling. Despite exhibiting characteristics considered to be barriers to cycling, such as hot summers, hilliness and car-oriented infrastructure, Southern European island cities and tourist destinations Limassol (Cyprus), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) and the Valletta conurbation (Malta) are all experiencing the implementation of BSSs and policies to promote cycling. In this study, a year of trip data and secondary datasets are used to analyze dock-based BSS usage in the three case-study cities. How land use, socio-economic, network and temporal factors influence BSS use at station locations, both as an origin and as a destination, was examined using bivariate correlation analysis and through the development of linear mixed models for each case study. Bivariate correlations showed significant positive associations with the number of cafes and restaurants, vicinity to the beach or promenade and the percentage of foreign population at the BSS station locations in all cities. A positive relation with cycling infrastructure was evident in Limassol and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, but not in Malta, as no cycling infrastructure is present in the island’s conurbation, where the BSS is primarily operational. Elevation had a negative association with BSS use in all three cities. In Limassol and Malta, where seasonality in weather patterns is strongest, a negative effect of rainfall and a positive effect of higher temperature were observed. Although there was a positive association between BSS use and the number of visiting tourists in Limassol and Malta, this is predominantly explained through the multi-collinearity with weather factors rather than by intensive use of the BSS by tourists. The linear mixed models showed more fine-grained results and explained differences in BSS use at stations, including differences for station use as an origin and as a destination. The insights from the correlation analysis and linear mixed models can be used to inform policies promoting cycling and BSS use and support sustainable mobility policies in the case-study cities and cities with similar characteristics.
Suzanne Maas; Paraskevas Nikolaou; Maria Attard; Loukas Dimitriou. Heat, Hills and the High Season: A Model-Based Comparative Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Factors Affecting Shared Bicycle Use in Three Southern European Islands. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3274 .
AMA StyleSuzanne Maas, Paraskevas Nikolaou, Maria Attard, Loukas Dimitriou. Heat, Hills and the High Season: A Model-Based Comparative Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Factors Affecting Shared Bicycle Use in Three Southern European Islands. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzanne Maas; Paraskevas Nikolaou; Maria Attard; Loukas Dimitriou. 2021. "Heat, Hills and the High Season: A Model-Based Comparative Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Factors Affecting Shared Bicycle Use in Three Southern European Islands." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3274.
Malta is a small island state in the Mediterranean, with one of the highest population densities and per capita car ownership rates in the European Union. University campuses located in urban areas have a substantial role to play in transport planning and policies since they are amongst the largest generators and attractors of commuters. However, at the University of Malta, mobility to and from the work and study place is still characterised by high levels of private car use, resulting in traffic congestion, parking constraint and land use uptake. The current transport system is discriminatory towards those outside the car, who cannot or do not want to drive. These people find themselves struggling for space to walk and cycle, whilst bus users have to withstand long journey times due to car traffic and limited priority. A participatory Active Travel workshop was organised at the university in order to better understand the determinants of pedestrian and cyclist mobility to and from the university campus. Participants included people from the university community as well as other interested stakeholders. Four different guided walks or cycles led participants along predefined paths in the surroundings of the university, to assess the environment from the perspective of a pedestrian or cyclist. Information on the active travelers’ experiences allows the assessment and spatial distribution of perceived walkability and bikeability around campus. These outputs are then presented in a participatory web map that has evident potential to assist in the design and improvement of public space for promoting active travel. Contributions from the workshop are used to identify barriers and opportunities for walking and cycling and to construct tangible policy recommendations for promoting active travel in the vicinity of the university and the wider urban environment in Malta.
Maria Attard; Carlos Cañas; Suzanne Maas. Determinants for walking and cycling to a university campus: insights from a participatory Active Travel workshop in Malta. Transportation Research Procedia 2021, 52, 501 -508.
AMA StyleMaria Attard, Carlos Cañas, Suzanne Maas. Determinants for walking and cycling to a university campus: insights from a participatory Active Travel workshop in Malta. Transportation Research Procedia. 2021; 52 ():501-508.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Attard; Carlos Cañas; Suzanne Maas. 2021. "Determinants for walking and cycling to a university campus: insights from a participatory Active Travel workshop in Malta." Transportation Research Procedia 52, no. : 501-508.
Car oriented urban areas are characterised by pedestrian-vehicle collisions. The aim of this paper is to examine such collisions between 2004 and 2018 and determine the characteristics of accident and injury risk for pedestrians in Malta. First, we investigated the relationship between the variables (age, gender, month, day, time, district, injury, and category) to establish the accident characteristics using a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA). Second, we categorised the results from the MCA into groups by means of a Cluster Analysis. Third, we analysed spatially the categories by means of Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). The typological analysis provided two dimensions of pedestrian injuries namely, month and vehicle category, and age and time; these were the characteristics that were over-represented in comparison to the whole dataset of pedestrian injuries. The outputs of the Cluster Analysis provided clusters of types of injured pedestrians that are worth looking for planning and policy making, such as Group 2 the Summer party people. The KDE revealed patterns that should be investigated in future research on the relationship between pedestrian-vehicle collisions and the built environment. These findings are useful to urban planners and transport engineers to design policies and measures aimed at improving pedestrian road safety.
Thérèse Bajada; Maria Attard. A typological and spatial analysis of pedestrian fatalities and injuries in Malta. Research in Transportation Economics 2021, 86, 101023 .
AMA StyleThérèse Bajada, Maria Attard. A typological and spatial analysis of pedestrian fatalities and injuries in Malta. Research in Transportation Economics. 2021; 86 ():101023.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThérèse Bajada; Maria Attard. 2021. "A typological and spatial analysis of pedestrian fatalities and injuries in Malta." Research in Transportation Economics 86, no. : 101023.
This paper proposes a blockchain-based framework to improve the efficiency of ship traffic in port. In the framework, ship agents, terminals, tug company, pilot station, and government share information and the information is stored in a blockchain. Based on the shared information, we discuss three categories of data-driven models that can improve the operations management of the above five parties. The first category is decisions made by a single party. The second category involves decisions of at least two ship agents. The third category relates to multi-party decision-making under uncertainty. This study hopes to stimulate maritime practitioners to embrace blockchain technology and data-driven approaches to enhance the competitiveness of the industry.
Shuaian Wang; Lu Zhen; Liyang Xiao; Maria Attard. Data-Driven Intelligent Port Management Based on Blockchain. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleShuaian Wang, Lu Zhen, Liyang Xiao, Maria Attard. Data-Driven Intelligent Port Management Based on Blockchain. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuaian Wang; Lu Zhen; Liyang Xiao; Maria Attard. 2020. "Data-Driven Intelligent Port Management Based on Blockchain." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research , no. : 1.
Bicycle sharing systems (BSS) have been implemented in cities worldwide in an attempt to promote cycling. Analysing BSS usage in ‘starter’ cycling cities in Southern Europe (Limassol, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Malta) can aid in understanding how BSS use and cycling can be promoted in such a context. A year of trip data is used to understand to what extent the BSS is characterized by tourist use or by local residents, trips are classified based on trip type, trip duration and diurnal and seasonal usage patterns. An analysis of the origin-destination matrices highlights spatial patterns and temporal dynamics, and analysis of the spatial coverage is used to calculate what percentage of the city's population is served by the BSS. The comparative analysis shows that despite sharing commonalities, the cities exhibit differences in BSS use: while in Limassol BSS use is mainly for leisure, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Malta there is more cycling for transport. Investing in connections between the BSS, public transport, points-of-interests and cycling infrastructure can encourage more cycling. In all cities there is scope to integrate the BSS with public transport and promote the service amongst tourists and visitors.
Suzanne Maas; Paraskevas Nikolaou; Maria Attard; Loukas Dimitriou. Examining spatio-temporal trip patterns of bicycle sharing systems in Southern European island cities. Research in Transportation Economics 2020, 86, 100992 .
AMA StyleSuzanne Maas, Paraskevas Nikolaou, Maria Attard, Loukas Dimitriou. Examining spatio-temporal trip patterns of bicycle sharing systems in Southern European island cities. Research in Transportation Economics. 2020; 86 ():100992.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzanne Maas; Paraskevas Nikolaou; Maria Attard; Loukas Dimitriou. 2020. "Examining spatio-temporal trip patterns of bicycle sharing systems in Southern European island cities." Research in Transportation Economics 86, no. : 100992.
Maria Attard; Michael P.J. Camilleri; Adrian Muscat. The technology behind a shared demand responsive transport system for a university campus. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2020, 36, 1 .
AMA StyleMaria Attard, Michael P.J. Camilleri, Adrian Muscat. The technology behind a shared demand responsive transport system for a university campus. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2020; 36 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Attard; Michael P.J. Camilleri; Adrian Muscat. 2020. "The technology behind a shared demand responsive transport system for a university campus." Research in Transportation Business & Management 36, no. : 1.
Maria Attard; Stephen G. Ison. Urban transport. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2020, 36, 100594 .
AMA StyleMaria Attard, Stephen G. Ison. Urban transport. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2020; 36 ():100594.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Attard; Stephen G. Ison. 2020. "Urban transport." Research in Transportation Business & Management 36, no. : 100594.
The 21st century has seen a cycling renaissance across Europe with many cities moving away from the car-centric infrastructure, urban design and planning policies prevalent since the 1950s. Southern European island cities, which exhibit certain characteristics considered as barriers to cycling, such as hot summers and high humidity, hilliness, and car-oriented culture and infrastructure however, have been lagging behind in this resurgence of cycling. Despite this, bicycle sharing systems (BSS) and policies promoting cycling have emerged in this region. These have the potential to provide alternatives for those marginalized by car-based mobility and to reduce traffic related diseases and injuries, noise and air pollution, which can contribute to an improved quality of life for all citizens. Using the coastal city of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) as a case study, the utilization of bike-sharing is investigated through a questionnaire to users of the shared bicycles, as well as through spatial analysis of the BSS trip data. The analysis of the survey, through descriptive and inferential statistics, allows for an understanding of the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the users, and the inter- and intra-personal factors influencing the choice to use a shared bicycle as a mode of transport. Results show that distance to nearest station, money-saving and environmental concerns, satisfaction with the operating system, and provision of safe cycling infrastructure significantly influence BSS use. A regression model is constructed to assess the influence of spatial factors such as land use, socio-economic characteristics and network variables on the use of the BSS. From the regression model it appears that the presence of cycling infrastructure, proximity to a bus station and the density of tourism accommodation, and by proxy, the number of cafes and restaurants, near bicycle sharing stations positively influences frequency of use. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the BSS in the promotion of cycling and the transition to sustainable and inclusive mobility policies, which are still contested in the car-centric transport system currently dominating the city.
Suzanne Maas; Maria Attard; Mark Anthony Caruana. Assessing spatial and social dimensions of shared bicycle use in a Southern European island context: The case of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 2020, 140, 81 -97.
AMA StyleSuzanne Maas, Maria Attard, Mark Anthony Caruana. Assessing spatial and social dimensions of shared bicycle use in a Southern European island context: The case of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2020; 140 ():81-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzanne Maas; Maria Attard; Mark Anthony Caruana. 2020. "Assessing spatial and social dimensions of shared bicycle use in a Southern European island context: The case of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 140, no. : 81-97.
The aim of this ongoing research is to develop and test a participatory method based on citizen science principles to systematically assess perceived walkability and identify the elements of the walkable environment (WE) that influence pedestrian experience. To do so, an empirical study at the University of Malta Campus will be conducted, where volunteers can significantly contribute to the research by collecting georeferenced subjective and objective observations of the WE as they go about their daily routines. Such data will be spatially aggregated and statistically analised to assess the degree and the spatio-temporal distribution of the perceived walkability within the study area. Once the study is concluded, a data quality assessment and the interpretation of the research outcomes will determine the suitability and effectiveness of this innovative approach.
C. Cañas; Maria Attard; M. Haklay. A citizen science approach to assess the perceived walkable environment and identify elements that influence pedestrian experience at the University of Malta. Pedestrians, Urban Spaces and Health 2020, 93 -96.
AMA StyleC. Cañas, Maria Attard, M. Haklay. A citizen science approach to assess the perceived walkable environment and identify elements that influence pedestrian experience at the University of Malta. Pedestrians, Urban Spaces and Health. 2020; ():93-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Cañas; Maria Attard; M. Haklay. 2020. "A citizen science approach to assess the perceived walkable environment and identify elements that influence pedestrian experience at the University of Malta." Pedestrians, Urban Spaces and Health , no. : 93-96.
Vehicle detection is an important area in Transport and Artificial Intelligence. Through vehicle detection techniques, vehicles can be located across different images. Some of these models are robust enough to identify parts of vehicles in images where the vehicle might be partially occluded. Recent advances in detection methods gave rise to a range of different techniques that can be used for recognition and detection of vehicles. Although each technique has its merits, it is not always the case that the adopted model works well for scenarios involving IP Cameras. The motivation for this study is to compare several state-of-the-art techniques, including deep learning models and computer vision approaches. A set of experiments are developed in order to test these models on a number of low quality IP camera footages set in the transport domain in order to measure detection and recognition accuracy. The final evaluation compares detection accuracy using mean average precision, the semantics of the recognised vehicle as well as recognition robustness when applied to a dataset that contains images with different light conditions. The study also looks at persistence in recognition across frames in video data and a detailed description of the dataset used to train the evaluated models. Finally, the paper also goes through some scenarios that applies the results obtained in this study to ITS systems that use IP camera feeds.
Mark Bugeja; Alexiei Dingli; Maria Attard; Dylan Seychell. Comparison of Vehicle Detection Techniques applied to IP Camera Video Feeds for use in Intelligent Transport Systems. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 45, 971 -978.
AMA StyleMark Bugeja, Alexiei Dingli, Maria Attard, Dylan Seychell. Comparison of Vehicle Detection Techniques applied to IP Camera Video Feeds for use in Intelligent Transport Systems. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 45 ():971-978.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark Bugeja; Alexiei Dingli; Maria Attard; Dylan Seychell. 2020. "Comparison of Vehicle Detection Techniques applied to IP Camera Video Feeds for use in Intelligent Transport Systems." Transportation Research Procedia 45, no. : 971-978.
Malta has been experiencing a constant economic growth and population increase since the 1990s. Following accession to the European Union in 2004 and joining the Euro in 2008, the rate of growth has continued to increase unabated. This has resulted in rapid urban development, and increasing car ownership and use. The islands’ urban fabric has changed with further urban land use densification, and increasing need for space for the car. In a small island state, land resources are not only limited but also highly contested. The result today is evident in the high costs of congestion, air and noise pollution, health impacts and overall decline of the quality of the urban areas due primarily to the overbearing presence of the car in the public realm. Inspired by the works of Vasconcellos (2014) and Gössling (2016) this paper aims to describe the islands’ transport system development and highlight issues related to equity and justice. It investigates the main trends and the impacts on mobility justice through the issues of household income, accidents (road safety), urban area distribution and exclusion. The issues surrounding the social sustainability of the transport system is therefore put into question using socio-political approaches. The study also reviews current transport policies in an attempt to frame the issues of equity and social sustainability within the island’s policy context. The study brings to the forefront growing concerns in Malta over the current political decisions on providing more roads for cars without any effective plans in support of other, more environmentally and socially acceptable forms of transport. Finally, the paper aims to raise awareness of the growing transport injustices in the system and provide some justification for more equity considerations in transport planning and infrastructure development.
Maria Attard. Mobility justice in urban transport - the case of Malta. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 45, 352 -359.
AMA StyleMaria Attard. Mobility justice in urban transport - the case of Malta. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 45 ():352-359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Attard. 2020. "Mobility justice in urban transport - the case of Malta." Transportation Research Procedia 45, no. : 352-359.
Shared mobility services, such as (e-)bicycle and car sharing, are a recent introduction in Malta. Following the roll out of these services, the transport regulator (Transport Malta) implemented an information and awareness campaign to promote the use of shared mobility services, and to educate the general public about cycling safety and how to safely share the road. This paper presents the results of a repeated cross-sectional survey with a sample representative of the Maltese population, to understand the awareness and acceptance of these shared mobility services, and analyse the impact of the information and awareness campaign through a comparison of ‘before’ and ‘after’ results. The ‘before’ results show that the majority of respondents are not aware of bicycle sharing or car sharing. While the second wave of the survey showed an increase in awareness about shared mobility services, wave 3 did not show a continuation of this trend, and evidence for a strong impact of the information and awareness campaign is limited. Respondents consider reduction in traffic and pollution, as well as getting exercise as the main reasons for considering bicycle sharing. For car sharing, respondents view convenience and time savings, as well as financial savings, as the main considerations. Improved road safety and more specifically, segregated and safe infrastructure, investment in cycling skills, and education to promote cycling safety are the main factors identified that have the potential to encourage respondents to consider starting to use bicycle sharing. The exposure to and understanding of the information and awareness campaign is evaluated through additional questions in the second and third wave of the survey, during and directly following the most intensive part of the campaign. The paper ends with a discussion of the results and recommendations for action in support of further promotion of shared mobility services.
Suzanne Maas; Maria Attard. Attitudes and perceptions towards shared mobility services: Repeated cross-sectional results from a survey among the Maltese population. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 45, 955 -962.
AMA StyleSuzanne Maas, Maria Attard. Attitudes and perceptions towards shared mobility services: Repeated cross-sectional results from a survey among the Maltese population. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 45 ():955-962.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzanne Maas; Maria Attard. 2020. "Attitudes and perceptions towards shared mobility services: Repeated cross-sectional results from a survey among the Maltese population." Transportation Research Procedia 45, no. : 955-962.
Globally, road traffic accidents are an important public health concern which needs to be tackled. A multidisciplinary approach is required to understand what causes them and to provide the evidence for policy support. In Spain, one of the roads with the highest fatality rate is the crosstown road, a particular type of rural road in which urban and interurban traffic meet, producing conflicts and interference with the population. This paper contributes to the previous existing research on the Spanish crosstown roads, providing a new vision that had not been analyzed so far: the driver’s perspective. The main purpose of the investigation is to identify the contributing factors that increment the likelihood of a fatal outcome based on single-vehicle crashes, which occurred on Spanish crosstown roads in the period 2006-2016. In order to achieve this aim, 1064 accidents have been analyzed, applying a latent cluster analysis as an initial tool for the fragmentation of crashes. Next, a multinomial logit (MNL) model was applied to find the most important factors involved in driver injury severity. The statistical analysis reveals that factors such as lateral crosstown roads, low traffic volumes, higher percentages of heavy vehicles, wider lanes, the non-existence of road markings, and finally, infractions, increase the severity of the drivers’ injuries.
Natalia Casado-Sanz; Begoña Guirao; Maria Attard. Analysis of the Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Traffic Accidents on Spanish Crosstown Roads: The Driver’s Perspective. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2237 .
AMA StyleNatalia Casado-Sanz, Begoña Guirao, Maria Attard. Analysis of the Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Traffic Accidents on Spanish Crosstown Roads: The Driver’s Perspective. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Casado-Sanz; Begoña Guirao; Maria Attard. 2020. "Analysis of the Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Traffic Accidents on Spanish Crosstown Roads: The Driver’s Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2237.
According to the Spanish General Traffic Accident Directorate, in 2017 a total of 351 pedestrians were killed, and 14,322 pedestrians were injured in motor vehicle crashes in Spain. However, very few studies have been conducted in order to analyse the main factors that contribute to pedestrian injury severity. This study analyses the accidents that involve a single vehicle and a single pedestrian on Spanish crosstown roads from 2006 to 2016 (1535 crashes). The factors that explain these accidents include infractions committed by the pedestrian and the driver, crash profiles, and infrastructure characteristics. As a preliminary tool for the segmentation of 1535 pedestrian crashes, a k-means cluster analysis was applied. In addition, multinomial logit (MNL) models were used for analysing crash data, where possible outcomes were fatalities and severe and minor injured pedestrians. According to the results of these models, the risk factors associated with pedestrian injury severity are as follows: visibility restricted by weather conditions or glare, infractions committed by the pedestrian (such as not using crossings, crossing unlawfully, or walking on the road), infractions committed by the driver (such as distracted driving and not respecting a light or a crossing), and finally, speed infractions committed by drivers (such as inadequate speed). This study proposes the specific safety countermeasures that in turn will improve overall road safety in this particular type of road.
Natalia Casado-Sanz; Begoña Guirao; Antonio Lara Galera; Maria Attard. Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5194 .
AMA StyleNatalia Casado-Sanz, Begoña Guirao, Antonio Lara Galera, Maria Attard. Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Casado-Sanz; Begoña Guirao; Antonio Lara Galera; Maria Attard. 2019. "Investigating the Risk Factors Associated with the Severity of the Pedestrians Injured on Spanish Crosstown Roads." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5194.
In 1974 the World Council of Churches coined the modern concept of sustainability. The concept was further developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1980 and was given prominence in 1987 by the United Nations’ World Commission on the Environment and Development, in their report Our Common Future. Sustainable development is a term used widely across policy domains and has also been attached to landscape protection and management. This chapter provides for an understanding of the role of landforms and landscapes in sustainable development with the aim of underlining, their importance not only as natural heritage, but also as tangible and intangible capital for the present and future generations to enjoy. It assesses the natural world as ‘capital’ in economic terms and describes tools which have developed in order to include in our evaluation of development the benefits of ecosystem and geosystem services. It also places the processes and management of landforms and landscapes into the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It concludes by linking this discussion to the local context of the islands of Malta where limited land resources, and pressure from growing population and development, can significantly compromise the ability of future generations to have good quality and fulfilling lives.
Maria Attard. The Sustainability of Landforms and Landscapes. World Geomorphological Landscapes 2019, 373 -380.
AMA StyleMaria Attard. The Sustainability of Landforms and Landscapes. World Geomorphological Landscapes. 2019; ():373-380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Attard. 2019. "The Sustainability of Landforms and Landscapes." World Geomorphological Landscapes , no. : 373-380.
Stephen Ison; Lucy Budd; Maria Attard. Editorial: Women, employment and transport. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2019, 31, 100430 .
AMA StyleStephen Ison, Lucy Budd, Maria Attard. Editorial: Women, employment and transport. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2019; 31 ():100430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephen Ison; Lucy Budd; Maria Attard. 2019. "Editorial: Women, employment and transport." Research in Transportation Business & Management 31, no. : 100430.
An ageing population is a social phenomenon affecting transport systems in many cities. More attention is being given to how older people travel so as to increase independence in later life but at the same time ensure sustainable mobility. Despite an increasing ageing population, the small island state of Malta still needs improvements in the way ageing is considered in its overall transport policy. Together with an ageing population, Malta also suffers from a very high population density and motorisation rate. This paper seeks to explore the psychological determinants that affect older people's mobility using Malta as case study. Based on the Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour, data was collected using telephone surveys and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The results reveal that older people's mobility is primarily motivated by their intentions which are predominantly affected by social norms (pressures from specific reference groups). The results also show that cognitive thinking (intentions) has a much higher effect on mobility than habit. Although ranked negatively by older people, transport infrastructure and other road users' behaviour barely affect the way they travel. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the results on transport policy and infrastructure management.
Deborah Mifsud; Maria Attard; Stephen Ison. An exploratory study of the psychological determinants of mobility of older people in Malta. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2019, 30, 100373 .
AMA StyleDeborah Mifsud, Maria Attard, Stephen Ison. An exploratory study of the psychological determinants of mobility of older people in Malta. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2019; 30 ():100373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeborah Mifsud; Maria Attard; Stephen Ison. 2019. "An exploratory study of the psychological determinants of mobility of older people in Malta." Research in Transportation Business & Management 30, no. : 100373.