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Dr. Katarzyna Gabryś
Water Centre Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW

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0 Geotechnical Engineering
0 Waste and by-product
0 Soil Dynamics
0 soil - structure interaction
0 laboratory tests

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Project

Project Goal: The scientific goal of the project is to study the effect of rubber addition on the properties of soil-rubber geocomposite subjected to dynamic and cyclic loading in the range of small and medium strains.

Starting Date:04 November 2020

Current Stage: budget organization, data collecting

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Communication
Published: 11 April 2021 in Sustainability
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The construction sector is currently struggling with the reuse of waste originating from the demolition and modernization of buildings and roads. Furthermore, old buildings are gradually being replaced by new structures. This brings a significant increase of concrete debris to waste landfills. To prevent this, many studies on the possibilities of recycling concrete, known as recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), have been done. To broaden the applicability of reused concrete, an understanding of its properties and engineering behavior is required. A difficulty in sustainable, proper management of RCA is the shortage of appropriate test results necessary to assess its utility. For this reason, in the present study, the physical, deformation, and stiffness properties of RCA with gravely grain distribution were analyzed carefully in the geotechnical laboratory. To examine the mentioned properties, an extensive experimental program was planned, which included the following studies: granulometric analysis, Proctor and oedometer tests, as well as resonant column tests. The obtained research results show that RCA has lower values of deformation and stiffness parameters than natural aggregates. However, after applying in oedometer apparatus repetitive cycles of loading/unloading/reloading, some significant improvement in the values of the parameters studied was noticed, most likely due to susceptibility to static compaction. Moreover, some critical reduction in the range of linear response of RCA to dynamic loading was observed.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Wojciech Sas. Physical, Deformation, and Stiffness Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4245 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Wojciech Sas. Physical, Deformation, and Stiffness Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Wojciech Sas. 2021. "Physical, Deformation, and Stiffness Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregate." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4245.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2021 in Materials
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After obtaining the value of shear wave velocity (VS) from the bender elements test (BET), the shear modulus of soils at small strains (Gmax) can be estimated. Shear wave velocity is an important parameter in the design of geo-structures subjected to static and dynamic loading. While bender elements are increasingly used in both academic and commercial laboratory test systems, there remains a lack of agreement when interpreting the shear wave travel time from these tests. Based on the test data of 12 Warsaw glacial quartz samples of sand, primarily two different approaches were examined for determining VS. They are both related to the observation of the source and received BE signal, namely, the first time of arrival and the peak-to-peak method. These methods were performed through visual analysis of BET data by the authors, so that subjective travel time estimates were produced. Subsequently, automated analysis methods from the GDS Bender Element Analysis Tool (BEAT) were applied. Here, three techniques in the time-domain (TD) were selected, namely, the peak-to-peak, the zero-crossing, and the cross-correlation function. Additionally, a cross-power spectrum calculation of the signals was completed, viewed as a frequency-domain (FD) method. Final comparisons between subjective observational analyses and automated interpretations of BET results showed good agreement. There is compatibility especially between the two methods: the first time of arrival and the cross-correlation, which the authors considered the best interpreting techniques for their soils. Moreover, the laboratory tests were performed on compact, medium, and well-grained sand samples with different curvature coefficient and mean grain size. Investigation of the influence of the grain-size characteristics of quartz sand on shear wave velocity demonstrated that VS is larger for higher values of the uniformity coefficient, while it is rather independent of the curvature coefficient and the mean grain size.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Wojciech Sas; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Rytis Skominas. Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET. Materials 2021, 14, 544 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Wojciech Sas, Raimondas Šadzevičius, Rytis Skominas. Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Wojciech Sas; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Rytis Skominas. 2021. "Warsaw Glacial Quartz Sand with Different Grain-Size Characteristics and Its Shear Wave Velocity from Various Interpretation Methods of BET." Materials 14, no. 3: 544.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Minerals
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The shear modulus and normalized shear modulus degradation curve are the fundamental parameters describing soil behavior. Thus, this article is focused on the stiffness characteristic of 15 different Warsaw cohesive soli represented by the parameters mentioned above. In this research, standard resonant column tests were performed in a wide shear strain range, from a small one, where soil behaves like an elastic medium, to a medium one, where soil has an unrecoverable deformation. Collected data allows the authors to create empirical models describing stiffness characteristics with high reliability. The maximum shear modulus calculated by the proposed equation for Warsaw cohesive soil had a relative error of about 6.8%. The formula for normalized shear modulus estimated G/GMAX with 2.2% relative error. Combined empirical models for GMAX, and G/GMAX allow the evaluation of Warsaw cohesive soil’s shear modulus value in a wide shear deformation range, with a very low value of the relative error of 6.7%.

ACS Style

Emil Soból; Katarzyna Gabryś; Karina Zabłocka; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Rytis Skominas; Wojciech Sas. Laboratory Studies of Small Strain Stiffness and Modulus Degradation of Warsaw Mineral Cohesive Soils. Minerals 2020, 10, 1127 .

AMA Style

Emil Soból, Katarzyna Gabryś, Karina Zabłocka, Raimondas Šadzevičius, Rytis Skominas, Wojciech Sas. Laboratory Studies of Small Strain Stiffness and Modulus Degradation of Warsaw Mineral Cohesive Soils. Minerals. 2020; 10 (12):1127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emil Soból; Katarzyna Gabryś; Karina Zabłocka; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Rytis Skominas; Wojciech Sas. 2020. "Laboratory Studies of Small Strain Stiffness and Modulus Degradation of Warsaw Mineral Cohesive Soils." Minerals 10, no. 12: 1127.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The construction of a roads network consumes high amounts of materials. The road materials are required to fulfill high standards like bearing capacity and low settlement susceptibility due to cyclic loading. Therefore, crushed aggregates are the primary subbase construction material. The material-intensity of road engineering leads to depletion of natural resources, and to avoid it, the alternative recycled materials are required to be applied to achieve sustainable development. The anthropogenic soils (AS), which are defined as man-made unbound aggregates, are the response to these requirements. For the successful application of the AS, a series of geotechnical laboratory and field tests were conducted. In this article, we present the set of 58 test results, including California Bearing Ratio (CBR) bearing capacity tests, oedometric tests, and cyclic CBR tests, to characterize the behavior of three AS types and to compare its reaction with natural aggregate (NA). The AS tested in this study are recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), fly ash and bottom ash mix (BS), and blast furnace slag (BFS). The results of the tests show that the AS has similar characteristics to NA, and in some cases, like compression characteristic, RCA and BFS behave a stiffer response to cyclic loading. The test results and analysis presented here extend the knowledge about AS compressibility and AS response to cyclic loading.

ACS Style

Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Wojciech Sas. Geotechnical Properties of Anthropogenic Soils in Road Engineering. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Andrzej Głuchowski, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Raimondas Šadzevičius, Wojciech Sas. Geotechnical Properties of Anthropogenic Soils in Road Engineering. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Raimondas Šadzevičius; Wojciech Sas. 2020. "Geotechnical Properties of Anthropogenic Soils in Road Engineering." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 23 February 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Nowadays, in geotechnical engineering, laboratory investigations are necessary in order to assess their engineering properties, like stiffness characteristics. Knowledge about soil shear modulus (G) in a strain range of 1.0⋅10−4÷1% is very important to solve soil response subjected to dynamic loading. For purpose of that paper, shear modulus (G) of compacted sandy clay was measured in Water Centre – Laboratory, at Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW by means of three different laboratory techniques, i.e., resonant column (RC), bender element (BE) and torsional shear (TS). Two methods of travel time identification in BE testing were applied: start to start (STS) and peak to peak (PTP). A brief description of these experimental techniques is given, with a special attention to strain level and excitation frequency they relate to. The main objective of this paper is to compare static against dynamic test results and monotonic against cyclic for cohesive compacted soil. In the next step, the behaviour of compacted sandy clay was compared with the behaviour of natural soil. The results suggest that in the case of BE measurements soil stiffness tends to be overestimated compared with stiffness obtained by RC and/or TS tests. The RC results are in good agreement with TS test results. The results received from the analyzed techniques indicate significant change in shear modulus with frequency and strain. The comparison of the results from different tests should be done at similar frequencies and referred to the same strain level. It is also shown that natural material is characterized by a greater stiffness than a compacted one.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabrys; Emil Sobol; Katarzyna Markowska-Lech; Alojzy Szymański. Shear Modulus of Compacted Sandy Clay from Various Laboratory Methods. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 042022 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabrys, Emil Sobol, Katarzyna Markowska-Lech, Alojzy Szymański. Shear Modulus of Compacted Sandy Clay from Various Laboratory Methods. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (4):042022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabrys; Emil Sobol; Katarzyna Markowska-Lech; Alojzy Szymański. 2019. "Shear Modulus of Compacted Sandy Clay from Various Laboratory Methods." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 4: 042022.

Journal article
Published: 06 June 2018 in ce/papers
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This article is not available for publication.

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. Resilient modulus testing with application of cyclic CBR test for road subgrade materials. ce/papers 2018, 2, 767 -772.

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Andrzej Głuchowski, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Alojzy Szymański. Resilient modulus testing with application of cyclic CBR test for road subgrade materials. ce/papers. 2018; 2 (2-3):767-772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. 2018. "Resilient modulus testing with application of cyclic CBR test for road subgrade materials." ce/papers 2, no. 2-3: 767-772.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
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One important aspect of soil dynamics is attenuation or energy loses. This inherent dynamic property is essential in the analysis of soil behavior subjected to a dynamic load. Energy absorption in soils leads to the definition of an equivalent viscous damping ratio (D). In resonant column testing there are commonly two different approaches in measuring material damping: during a steady-state vibration (SSV), when the specimen is vibrated at its first mode; and during free-vibration decay (FVD). The study reports results associated with the small to medium strain range material damping from FVD method, i.e. there is a cut off the constant vibration of the specimen at resonance and the specimen is allowed to free-vibration mode while the decay strain amplitude during free-vibration is calculated. The experiments were conducted on cohesive soils (sasiCl, Cl, clSa) from various test sites located in Warsaw, Poland. All the specimens were subjected to torsional mode of vibration at their first natural frequency, at different mean effective stress. The authors paid particular attention to the number of successive cycles after the free-vibration of the material is initiated. They examined various propositions from the literature and compare the received damping values using different number of cycles of vibration. The results showed that the most stable values of material damping ratio can be obtained by selecting each time a line of best fit on the authors’ choice of number of free-vibration cycles. However, the number of these cycles should not exceed 10.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Wojciech Sas; Alojzy Szymański. Material damping ratio from free-vibration method. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 2018, 50, 83 -97.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Wojciech Sas, Alojzy Szymański. Material damping ratio from free-vibration method. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation. 2018; 50 (2):83-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Wojciech Sas; Alojzy Szymański. 2018. "Material damping ratio from free-vibration method." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 50, no. 2: 83-97.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2017 in ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo
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ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Jacek Bieniawski; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Markowska-Lech; Wojciech Sas; Emil Soból. Laboratoryjne metody wyznaczaniawspółczynnika tłumienia drgań na przykładzie gruntu spoistego. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 2017, 16, 13 -24.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Jacek Bieniawski, Andrzej Głuchowski, Katarzyna Markowska-Lech, Wojciech Sas, Emil Soból. Laboratoryjne metody wyznaczaniawspółczynnika tłumienia drgań na przykładzie gruntu spoistego. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo. 2017; 16 (3):13-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Jacek Bieniawski; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Markowska-Lech; Wojciech Sas; Emil Soból. 2017. "Laboratoryjne metody wyznaczaniawspółczynnika tłumienia drgań na przykładzie gruntu spoistego." ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 16, no. 3: 13-24.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2017 in Applied Sciences
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This paper discusses the application of piezoceramic bender elements (BEs) for measurement of shear wave velocity in the time and frequency domain in a triaxial cell under different isotropic confinement. Different interpretation methods were used in the tests and their results were finally compared with each other. Two types of anthropogenic material were tested: pure Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and RCA-rubber chips mixtures (15% of rubber addition). Presented study is an attempt to describe dynamic properties, in terms of shear wave velocity (VS), of the aforementioned anthropogenic material using the technique commonly applied for natural soil. Although some research is currently being carried out, in order to evaluate physical, chemical and mechanical properties of RCA and rubber-soil mixtures, still little is known of their dynamic properties. Hence, this work will provide the experimental results of shear wave velocity of RCA and its modified version. The results show that tires chips significantly decrease the VS values of modified RCA. They help to reduce the near field effect, but the received parameters are more incoherent. The VS values were found to be influenced by interpretation technique, mean effective stress and wave’s propagation period. The maximum VS values were obtained mostly from the frequency domain method, although time domain analysis gives the results that are more coherent.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Wojciech Sas; Emil Soból; Andrzej Głuchowski. Application of Bender Elements Technique in Testing of Anthropogenic Soil—Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Its Mixture with Rubber Chips. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 741 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Wojciech Sas, Emil Soból, Andrzej Głuchowski. Application of Bender Elements Technique in Testing of Anthropogenic Soil—Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Its Mixture with Rubber Chips. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (7):741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Wojciech Sas; Emil Soból; Andrzej Głuchowski. 2017. "Application of Bender Elements Technique in Testing of Anthropogenic Soil—Recycled Concrete Aggregate and Its Mixture with Rubber Chips." Applied Sciences 7, no. 7: 741.

Journal article
Published: 07 April 2017 in Applied Sciences
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Soil investigations concerning cyclic loading focus on the evaluation, in particular, of design parameters, such as elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, or resilient modulus. Structures subjected to repeated loading are vulnerable to high deformations, especially when subgrade soils are composed of cohesive, fully-saturated soils. Such subgrade soils in the eastern part of Europe have a glacial genesis and are a mix of sand, silt, and clay fractions. The characteristic of, e.g., Young modulus variation and resilient modulus from repeated loading tests, is presented. Based on performed resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests, an analytical model is proposed. The model takes into consideration actual values of effective stress p′, as well as loading characteristics and the position of the effective stress path. This approach results in better characterization of pavement or industrial foundation systems based on the subgrade soil in undrained conditions. The recoverable strains characterized by the resilient modulus Mr value in the first cycle of loading was between 44 MPa and 59 MPa for confining pressure σ’3 equal to 45 kPa, and between 48 MPa and 78 MPa for σ’3 equal to 90 kPa. During cyclic loading, cohesive soil, at first, degrades. When pore pressure reaches equilibrium, the resilient modulus value starts to increase. The above-described phenomena indicate that, after the plastic deformation caused by excessive load and excess pore water pressure dissipation, the soil becomes resilient.

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. Resilient Modulus Characterization of Compacted Cohesive Subgrade Soil. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 370 .

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Andrzej Głuchowski, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Alojzy Szymański. Resilient Modulus Characterization of Compacted Cohesive Subgrade Soil. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (4):370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. 2017. "Resilient Modulus Characterization of Compacted Cohesive Subgrade Soil." Applied Sciences 7, no. 4: 370.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2017 in Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
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ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Alojzy Szymański. Experimental studies of dynamic properties of Quaternary clayey soils. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 2017, 95, 29 -39.

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Katarzyna Gabryś, Alojzy Szymański. Experimental studies of dynamic properties of Quaternary clayey soils. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. 2017; 95 ():29-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Alojzy Szymański. 2017. "Experimental studies of dynamic properties of Quaternary clayey soils." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 95, no. : 29-39.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
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From the viewpoint of environmental preservation and effective utilization of resources, it is beneficial and necessary to reuse wastes, for example, concrete, as the recycled aggregates for new materials. In this work, the dynamic behavior of such aggregates under low frequency torsional loading is studied. Results show that the properties of such artificial soils match with those reported in the literature for specific natural soils.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Wojciech Sas; Emil Soból; Andrzej Głuchowski. Torsional Shear Device for Testing the Dynamic Properties of Recycled Material. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 2016, 38, 15 -24.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Wojciech Sas, Emil Soból, Andrzej Głuchowski. Torsional Shear Device for Testing the Dynamic Properties of Recycled Material. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica. 2016; 38 (4):15-24.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Wojciech Sas; Emil Soból; Andrzej Głuchowski. 2016. "Torsional Shear Device for Testing the Dynamic Properties of Recycled Material." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 38, no. 4: 15-24.

Conference paper
Published: 24 September 2016 in Proceedings of 13th Baltic Sea Geotechnical Conference
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Soil investigations concerning cyclic and dynamic loading differ from static analysis. The Problem with the abovementioned loads becomes more important, when cohesive soils are taken into consideration. There are plenty of scientific reports containing the analyses of non-cohesive soil behaviour, yet there is still a lack of similar studies on cohesive soils. Repeated loading and dynamic excitations differ between themselves and parameters which are used to describe those phenomena are not congruent. Road constructors seek new approaches to design methods, which would take into account more types dynamic and cyclic excitations. For a successful utilisation of these occurrences in designing codes, mechanical parameters, such as resilient modulus Mr, shear modulus G and Poisson ratio υ or dumping ratio D, need to be determined. The laboratory tests were conducted on sandy clays, which are a common soil in Poland, using specialized laboratory equipment, such as a resonant column and cyclic triaxial apparatus. The aim of the work presented in this paper was to measureand analyse the abovementioned mechanical characteristics. The paper ends with conclusions regarding the application of cyclic and dynamic loading characteristics in road design.

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański; Jurgis Medzvieckas. Studies on Cyclic and Dynamic Loading on Cohesive Soil in Road Engineering. Proceedings of 13th Baltic Sea Geotechnical Conference 2016, 85 -92.

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Andrzej Głuchowski, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Alojzy Szymański, Jurgis Medzvieckas. Studies on Cyclic and Dynamic Loading on Cohesive Soil in Road Engineering. Proceedings of 13th Baltic Sea Geotechnical Conference. 2016; ():85-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański; Jurgis Medzvieckas. 2016. "Studies on Cyclic and Dynamic Loading on Cohesive Soil in Road Engineering." Proceedings of 13th Baltic Sea Geotechnical Conference , no. : 85-92.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2016 in Materials
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Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is a relatively new construction material, whose applications can replace natural aggregates. To do so, extensive studies on its mechanical behavior and deformation characteristics are still necessary. RCA is currently used as a subbase material in the construction of roads, which are subject to high settlements due to traffic loading. The deformation characteristics of RCA must, therefore, be established to find the possible fatigue and damage behavior for this new material. In this article, a series of triaxial cyclic loading and resonant column tests is used to characterize fatigue in RCA as a function of applied deviator stress after long-term cyclic loading. A description of the shakedown phenomenon occurring in the RCA and calculations of its resilient modulus (Mr) as a function of fatigue are also presented. Test result analysis with the stress-life method on the Wohler S-N diagram shows the RCA behavior in accordance with the Basquin law.

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. Deformation Behavior of Recycled Concrete Aggregate during Cyclic and Dynamic Loading Laboratory Tests. Materials 2016, 9, 780 .

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Andrzej Głuchowski, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Alojzy Szymański. Deformation Behavior of Recycled Concrete Aggregate during Cyclic and Dynamic Loading Laboratory Tests. Materials. 2016; 9 (9):780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Andrzej Głuchowski; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. 2016. "Deformation Behavior of Recycled Concrete Aggregate during Cyclic and Dynamic Loading Laboratory Tests." Materials 9, no. 9: 780.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
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In this work, the small-strain and nonlinear dynamic properties of silty clay samples were studied by means of the low- and high-amplitude resonant column (RC) tests at various mean effective stresses (p’). The tested specimens were collected from the centre of Warsaw, district Śródmieście. Initially, the low-amplitude tests (below 0.001%) were conducted. Subsequently, the nonlinear testing was performed, at shearing strains greater than 0.001%. These tests were carried out in order to receive the dynamic properties of silty clay specimens in the nonlinear shear strain range. The small-strain material damping ratios (Dmin) of silty clay samples were also measured during the low-amplitude resonant column testing. The results show that increasing shear strain (γ) above the elastic threshold (γte) causes a decrease of the shear modulus (G) and normalized shear modulus (G/Gmax) of analyzed soil samples. Simultaneously, it is observed a increase of its damping ratio (D) and normalized damping (D/Dmin) with increasing shear strain (γ). Predictive equations for estimating normalized shear modulus and material damping of silty clay soils were presented here as well. The equations are based on a modified hyperbolic model and a statistical analysis of the RC tests results. The influence of unloading process on dynamic properties of the tested material was also discussed in the paper.

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. Nonlinear dynamic properties of silty clay from Warsaw area. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 2016, 48, 201 -220.

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Soból, Alojzy Szymański. Nonlinear dynamic properties of silty clay from Warsaw area. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation. 2016; 48 (3):201-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Soból; Alojzy Szymański. 2016. "Nonlinear dynamic properties of silty clay from Warsaw area." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, no. 3: 201-220.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2016 in Applied Sciences
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The paper presents a description of the dynamic properties of cohesive material, namely silty clays, obtained by using one of the applied seismology methods, the bender elements technique. The authors’ aim was to present the dynamics of a porous medium, in particular an extremely important passage of seismic waves that travel through the bulk of a medium. Nowadays, the application of the bender element (BE) technique to measure, e.g., small strain shear stiffness of soils in the laboratory is well recognized, since it allows for reliable and relatively economical shear wave velocity measurements during various laboratory experiments. However, the accurate estimation of arrival time during BE tests is in many cases unclear. Two different interpretation procedures (from the time domain) of BE tests in order to measure travel times of waves were examined. Those values were then used to calculate shear and compression wave velocities and elastic moduli. Results showed that the dynamic parameters obtained by the start-to-start method were always slightly larger (up to about 20%) than those obtained using the peak-to-peak one. It was found that the peak-to-peak method led to more scattered results in comparison to the start-to-start method. Moreover, the influence of the excitation frequency, the mean effective stress and the unloading process on the dynamic properties of the tested material was studied. In addition, the obtained results highlighted the importance of initial signal frequency and the necessity to choose an appropriate range of frequencies to measure the shear wave velocity in clayey soils.

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Sobol; Alojzy Szymański. Dynamic Characterization of Cohesive Material Based on Wave Velocity Measurements. Applied Sciences 2016, 6, 49 .

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Katarzyna Gabryś, Emil Sobol, Alojzy Szymański. Dynamic Characterization of Cohesive Material Based on Wave Velocity Measurements. Applied Sciences. 2016; 6 (2):49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Emil Sobol; Alojzy Szymański. 2016. "Dynamic Characterization of Cohesive Material Based on Wave Velocity Measurements." Applied Sciences 6, no. 2: 49.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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Współczynnik Poisson’a określany na podstawie prędkości fali podłużnej i poprzecznej jest stosowany w geofizyce jako jeden z parametrów charakteryzujących odkształcenie materiału. W laboratoriach geotechnicznych również prowadzone są badania z wykorzystaniem prędkości fal sejsmicznych, dlatego Autorzy podjęli próbę przeniesienia zależności znanych z teorii sprężystości na ośrodki gruntowe w celu wyznaczenia współczynnika Poisson’a. Praca zawiera wartości współczynnika Poisson’a otrzymane z badań naturalnych gruntów spoistych dwiema różnymi technikami: w aparacie trójosiowym wyposażonym w piezoelementy typu bender oraz w kolumnie rezonansowej

ACS Style

Katarzyna Markowska-Lech; Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Mariusz Lech; Emil Soból. WYZNACZANIE WSPÓŁCZYNNIKA POISSON’A NA PODSTAWIE POMIARU PRĘDKOŚCI FAL AKUSTYCZNYCH. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Markowska-Lech, Wojciech Sas, Katarzyna Gabryś, Mariusz Lech, Emil Soból. WYZNACZANIE WSPÓŁCZYNNIKA POISSON’A NA PODSTAWIE POMIARU PRĘDKOŚCI FAL AKUSTYCZNYCH. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Markowska-Lech; Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Mariusz Lech; Emil Soból. 2016. "WYZNACZANIE WSPÓŁCZYNNIKA POISSON’A NA PODSTAWIE POMIARU PRĘDKOŚCI FAL AKUSTYCZNYCH." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2015 in Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
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The paper concerns the evaluation of the initial stiffness of selected cohesive soils based on laboratory tests. The research materials used in this study were clayey soils taken from the area of the road embankment No. WD-18, on the 464th km of the S2 express-way, Konotopa-Airport route, Warsaw. The initial stiffness is represented here by the shear modulus (Gmax) determined during resonant column tests. In the article, a number of literature empirical formulas for defining initial value of the shear modulus of soils being examined were adopted from the literature in order to analyze the data set. However, a large discrepancy between laboratory test results and the values of Gmax calculated from empirical relationships resulted in the rejection of these proposals. They are inaccurate and do not allow for an exact evaluation of soil stiffness for selected cohesive soils. Hence, the authors proposed their own empirical formula that enables the evaluation of the test soils’ Gmax in an easy and uncomplicated way. This unique formula describes mathematically the effect of certain soil parameters, namely mean effective stress ( p′) and void ratio (e), on the initial soil stiffness.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Alojzy Szymański. The Evaluation of the Initial Shear Modulus of Selected Cohesive Soils. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 2015, 37, 3 -9.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Gabryś, Alojzy Szymański. The Evaluation of the Initial Shear Modulus of Selected Cohesive Soils. Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica. 2015; 37 (2):3-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Gabryś; Alojzy Szymański. 2015. "The Evaluation of the Initial Shear Modulus of Selected Cohesive Soils." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 37, no. 2: 3-9.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Acta Geophysica
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Several researches published comprehensive reports on dynamic soil properties of cohesive soils, in which many of them outlined, i.e., key factors affecting the dynamic shear modulus. For cohesive soils, the modulus at small strains (γ −3 %) is, first of all, a function of void ratio and effective confining stress. For clays, however, secondary time effects and clay mineralogy (fabric and structure) also appear to be important. The influence of confinement of laboratory-prepared as well as naturally deposited clays consists in an increase of shear modulus logarithmically as a function of time. In this paper, the effect of duration of the various confining pressures on dynamic shear modulus (G) of selected cohesive soils from Warsaw area was evaluated. Shear modulus was determined on the basis of resonant column tests, at low and high shearing strain amplitudes. It is shown that the calculated shear modulus is time-dependent; during approximately first 1000 minutes of consolidation, the moduli increased by almost 50%. Moreover, it is characterized by two phases: an initial one results from primary consolidation and a second one, which occurs after the end of primary consolidation, herein about 16–17 hours, and is called “long-term time effect”. This effect was found also for modulus at higher shearing strains (γ > 10−3%, e.g., 3 × 10−3%, 5 × 10−3%, 8 × 10−3%, 2 × 10−2%).

ACS Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Alojzy Szymański. Effect of Time on Dynamic Shear Modulus of Selected Cohesive Soil of One Section of Express Way No. S2 in Warsaw. Acta Geophysica 2015, 63, 398 -413.

AMA Style

Wojciech Sas, Katarzyna Gabryś, Alojzy Szymański. Effect of Time on Dynamic Shear Modulus of Selected Cohesive Soil of One Section of Express Way No. S2 in Warsaw. Acta Geophysica. 2015; 63 (2):398-413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Sas; Katarzyna Gabryś; Alojzy Szymański. 2015. "Effect of Time on Dynamic Shear Modulus of Selected Cohesive Soil of One Section of Express Way No. S2 in Warsaw." Acta Geophysica 63, no. 2: 398-413.