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Dr. Syed Turab Raza
Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan 610041, China

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0 Climate Change
0 Sustainable Agriculture
0 Vermicomposting
0 Environmental sciences
0 Waste Management and Recovery Of Valuable Resources

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Atmosphere
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The current study is focuses on a sustainable agricultural ecosystem for soil fertility and human health improvement. To estimate the effects of applying organic amendments (compost, vermicompost, biochar, organic manure and rapeseed cake) on crop growth of maize and nutrient uptake in calcareous soil, eleven treatments were studied, which included compost (CM), cow manure vermicompost (CMV), pig manure vermicompost (PMV), biochar vermicompost (BCV), biochar (BC), conventional synthetic fertilizers (NPK), CMV in addition to NPK (CMV + NPK), and PMV in addition to NPK (PMV + NPK), organic manure (OM), rapeseed cake (RC) and control without any fertilization (CK). Maize above and belowground biomass were analyzed in glass greenhouse experiments. The results showed that nitrogen and carbon contents showed significant differences among treatments. Vermicompost significantly showed higher biomass as compared to inorganic fertilizers except for RC. All vermicompost treatments also showed better nutrient availability as compared to NPK and CK. In conclusion, vermicompost with all substrates are recommended for application as organic fertilizers. Our study will help promote the application of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers rather than only inorganic fertilizers for environmental health and sustainability.

ACS Style

Syed Turab Raza; Jianping Wu; Zulfiqar Ali; Raheel Anjum; Nazir Ahmed Bazai; Adugna Feyissa; Zhe Chen. Differential Effects of Organic Amendments on Maize Biomass and Nutrient Availability in Upland Calcareous Soil. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 1034 .

AMA Style

Syed Turab Raza, Jianping Wu, Zulfiqar Ali, Raheel Anjum, Nazir Ahmed Bazai, Adugna Feyissa, Zhe Chen. Differential Effects of Organic Amendments on Maize Biomass and Nutrient Availability in Upland Calcareous Soil. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (8):1034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Turab Raza; Jianping Wu; Zulfiqar Ali; Raheel Anjum; Nazir Ahmed Bazai; Adugna Feyissa; Zhe Chen. 2021. "Differential Effects of Organic Amendments on Maize Biomass and Nutrient Availability in Upland Calcareous Soil." Atmosphere 12, no. 8: 1034.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Applied Sciences
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An experimental vermicomposting system was established in purple soil present in Sichuan Basin, China. The purpose of vermicomposting (VC) was to recycle and manage organic waste materials; for instance, animal manure and crop residues are present in great quantity. A particular use of earthworms for VC is a valuable method for retrieving essential plant nutrients. Experimental vermicomposting followed by monitoring was conducted for two months in summer with an interval of fifteen days. Four treatments, COM (compost without earthworms), VCM (using cow manure), VPM (through pig manure), and VBC (using biochar), were applied with agricultural wastes such as rapeseed and wheat straw in combination with cow dung, pig manure, and biochar, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to statistically analyze and interpret the nutrient change among different treatments. Post hoc analysis was done using Tukey’s test. The experimental vermicomposting results revealed that VCM gives increased plant nutrients with a minimum C: N ratio (from 22.13 to 14.38) and a maximum increase in nitrogen concentrations (1.77 to 29.15 g kg−1). A significant decrease in ammonia volatilization was observed in the order VCM > VBC > VPM when compared to COM. It was experimentally established that vermicomposting is the most suitable method for converting organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer with the least environmental pollution load.

ACS Style

Syed Turab Raza; Bo Zhu; Jia Liang Tang; Zulfiqar Ali; Raheel Anjum; Hamidou Bah; Hassan Iqbal; Xiao Ren; Rida Ahmad. Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8956 .

AMA Style

Syed Turab Raza, Bo Zhu, Jia Liang Tang, Zulfiqar Ali, Raheel Anjum, Hamidou Bah, Hassan Iqbal, Xiao Ren, Rida Ahmad. Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (24):8956.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Turab Raza; Bo Zhu; Jia Liang Tang; Zulfiqar Ali; Raheel Anjum; Hamidou Bah; Hassan Iqbal; Xiao Ren; Rida Ahmad. 2020. "Nutrients Recovery during Vermicomposting of Cow Dung, Pig Manure, and Biochar for Agricultural Sustainability with Gases Emissions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24: 8956.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are influenced by land use adjustment and management practices. To meet the increasing socioeconomic development and sustainable demands for food supply, forestland conversion to cropland occurs around the world. However, the effects of forestland conversion to cropland as well as of tillage and fertilization practices on soil N2O emissions are still not well understood, especially in subtropical regions. Therefore, field experiments were carried out to continuously monitor soil N2O emissions after the conversion of forestland to cropland in a subtropical region in Southwest China. One forestland site and four cropland sites were selected: forestland (CK), short-term croplands (tillage with and without fertilization, NC-TF and NC-T), and long-term croplands (tillage with and without fertilization, LC-TF and LC-T). The annual cumulative N2O flux was 0.21 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in forestland. After forestland conversion to cropland, the annual cumulative N2O flux significantly increased by 76‒491%. In the short-term and long-term croplands, tillage with fertilization induced cumulative soil N2O emissions that were 94% and 235% higher than those from tillage without fertilization. Fertilization contributed 63% and 84% to increased N2O emissions in the short-term and long-term croplands, respectively. A stepwise regression analysis showed that soil N2O emissions from croplands were mainly influenced by soil NO3− and NH4+ availability and WFPS (water-filled pore space). Fertilization led to higher soil NH4+ and NO3− concentrations, which thus resulted in larger N2O fluxes. Thus, to reduce soil N2O emissions and promote the sustainable development of the eco-environment, we recommend limiting the conversion of forestland to cropland, and meanwhile intensifying the shift from grain to green or applying advanced agricultural management practices as much as possible.

ACS Style

Xiao Ren; Bo Zhu; Hamidou Bah; Syed Raza. How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7947 .

AMA Style

Xiao Ren, Bo Zhu, Hamidou Bah, Syed Raza. How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7947.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao Ren; Bo Zhu; Hamidou Bah; Syed Raza. 2020. "How Tillage and Fertilization Influence Soil N2O Emissions after Forestland Conversion to Cropland." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7947.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2020 in Sustainability
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With an increasing interest in closing the nutrient loop in agroecosystems, organic amendments are highly recommended as a reliable resource for soil nutrient recycling. However, from a carbon sequestration perspective, not much has been reported on the contribution of different organic amendments to soil organic carbon (SOC), crop carbon (C) uptake, and soil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in wheat-maize cropping systems of sloppy upland soil. To fill the knowledge gap, a two-year lysimeter-field plots experiment was conducted in a sloppy upland purplish soil under wheat-maize cropping systems. The experiments were arranged in a complete random block design with five treatment plots, namely; fresh pig slurry as organic manure (OM), crop residues (CR), conventional mineral fertilizers (NPK) as the control, organic manure plus mineral fertilizers (OMNPK), and crop residues plus mineral fertilizers (CRNPK). Our results showed the leaf photosynthesis rate was not significantly increased by organic amendment application treatments compared to NPK treatment, and was within a range of 4.8 to 45.3 µmol m−2 s−1 for the wheat season and −20.1 to 40.4 µmol m−2 s−1 for the maize season across the five treatments and the measured growth stages. The soil CO2 emissions for the maize season (in the range of 203 to 362 g C m−2) were higher than for the wheat season (in the range of 118 to 252 g C m−2) on average across the different experimental treatments over the two-year experiment. The organic amendment application increased annual cumulative CO2 emissions from 30% to 51% compared to NPK treatment. Over the two years, the average crop C uptake ranged from 174 to 378 g C m−2 and from 287 to 488 g C m−2 for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively, and the organic amendment application increased the crop C uptake by 4% to 23% compared to NPK treatment. In the organic amendment treatments, the C balance ranged from −160 to 460 g C m−2 and from −301 to 334 g C m−2 for the wheat and the maize seasons, respectively, which were greater than those in the NPK treatment. Overall, the present study results suggest incorporation of organic amendments could be an effective strategy for increasing C sequestration and sustaining crop productivity in sloppy upland soil.

ACS Style

Hamidou Bah; Minghua Zhou; Simon Kizito; Ren Xiao; Syed Turab Raza; Zhixin Dong; Bo Zhu. Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2747 .

AMA Style

Hamidou Bah, Minghua Zhou, Simon Kizito, Ren Xiao, Syed Turab Raza, Zhixin Dong, Bo Zhu. Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2747.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamidou Bah; Minghua Zhou; Simon Kizito; Ren Xiao; Syed Turab Raza; Zhixin Dong; Bo Zhu. 2020. "Carbon Balance under Organic Amendments in the Wheat-Maize Cropping Systems of Sloppy Upland Soil." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2747.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2017 in Atmosphere
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Annual temperature data from thirty meteorological stations in Pakistan’s major urban areas were selected to investigate trends in annual average and maximum temperature during 1970–2009. A combination of parametric and non-parametric tests including linear regression, the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimator was used for the analysis. Annual average and maximum temperature series showed an overall increasing trend for 90% of the stations and a decreasing trend for 10% of the stations in the study area. The highest significant increment of annual average temperature was observed at Gilgit, Hyderabad, Quetta and Lasbela stations at the rate of 0.49 °C per decade. The highest increment of annual maximum temperature was obtained at Chitral, Gilgit, Nawabshah and Quetta at the rate of 0.31 °C per decade. According to simple linear regression and the Mann-Kendall test, the annual average temperature showed a significant increasing trend for 43% of the stations (at a 0.001 level of significance) and 23% of the stations (at the 0.05 level). Annual maximum temperature showed a significant increasing trend for 26% of the stations (at the 0.001 level of significance) and 23% of the stations (at the 0.05 level). In general, the results showed increasing trends for the considered parameters, although annual average temperature showed a higher increasing rate than annual maximum temperature during the study period.

ACS Style

Raheel Anjum; Xiubin He; Javed Iqbal Tanoli; Syed Turab Raza. Contemporary Temperature Fluctuation in Urban Areas of Pakistan. Atmosphere 2017, 8, 12 .

AMA Style

Raheel Anjum, Xiubin He, Javed Iqbal Tanoli, Syed Turab Raza. Contemporary Temperature Fluctuation in Urban Areas of Pakistan. Atmosphere. 2017; 8 (12):12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raheel Anjum; Xiubin He; Javed Iqbal Tanoli; Syed Turab Raza. 2017. "Contemporary Temperature Fluctuation in Urban Areas of Pakistan." Atmosphere 8, no. 12: 12.