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Mr. Sascha von Behren
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie

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0 Longitudinal Data Analysis
0 Survey Design
0 psychological effects
0 travel behavior
0 hybrid choice modeling

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Survey Design

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Journal article
Published: 16 April 2021 in International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology
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The use of on-demand mobility (ODM) services has increased in Chinese cities and is used by people for various purposes, such as leisure activities or commuting. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze factors that play a role in the use of ODM services for commuting of high-income earners in China. In previous studies, this group of people was identified as extremely relevant for ODM use as they can afford the services in principle. A specific focus of this study is on the influence of travel mode attitudes as well as sociodemographic characteristics. The data set used in this study was collected with the innovative travel skeleton approach based on information given by high-income individuals. The survey took place in eight different Chinese cities with 5,192 respondents. They have provided insights on their everyday travel (e.g., commuting) and attitudes towards car and public transit. To investigate the role of psychological factors behind the use frequency of ODM services, we applied a factor analysis to identify latent factors from psychological item sets used. Next, we integrated them into an ordered hybrid choice model (OHCM). The results show that people’s perceived public transit experience increase the probability to use ODM more often for commuting. We suggest a strong interrelation between public transit and such services, even among people with high incomes.

ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Exploring the role of individuals’ attitudes in the use of on-demand mobility services for commuting – A case study in eight Chinese cities. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Exploring the role of individuals’ attitudes in the use of on-demand mobility services for commuting – A case study in eight Chinese cities. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2021. "Exploring the role of individuals’ attitudes in the use of on-demand mobility services for commuting – A case study in eight Chinese cities." International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Decision-makers in cities worldwide have the responsibility to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in urban transport. Therefore, effective measures and policies that allow for a change in people’s mobility towards sustainable mobility must be derived. To understand how different people respond to measures and policies, and to increase the effectiveness of such policies, individual mobility needs and mobility determinants have to be considered. For this, the definition of individual mobility styles as holistic descriptions considering travel behavior, attitudes, as well as life stages is useful. This study presents a segmentation approach that identifies eight urban mobility styles by using data from a multidimensional survey conducted in Berlin and San Francisco. We applied a cluster analysis with both behavioral and attitudinal characteristics as segmentation criteria. By analyzing the characteristics, we identified a mobility style—the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals—that is environmentally oriented, but not yet all people in this cluster are sustainable in their mobility. Thus, they are the group with the highest potential to accept and use sustainable mobility. Additionally, we found that within the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals, the change from one life stage to another is also likely to be accompanied by a car acquisition.

ACS Style

Miriam Magdolen; Sascha von Behren; Lukas Burger; Bastian Chlond. Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2968 .

AMA Style

Miriam Magdolen, Sascha von Behren, Lukas Burger, Bastian Chlond. Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2968.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miriam Magdolen; Sascha von Behren; Lukas Burger; Bastian Chlond. 2021. "Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2968.

Research article
Published: 22 February 2021 in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
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Policy makers in urban areas are subjected to increasing pressure to find sustainable solutions to congestion and transportation. A detailed understanding of the motivations of car owners is required to enable the development of policies that are both socially fair and take effective measures. The objective of this study is to provide a more granular differentiation of car owners using psychographic profiles in three basic dimensions (privacy, autonomy, and car excitement). These profiles are also examined in relation to general travel behavior in everyday and long-distance travel. Data was collected in Munich and Berlin (Germany) and a latent class analysis was applied to segment respondents into latent profile classes. On this basis, six different profile classes were identified. In addition to the Car Independents profile class which does not have strong orientations toward the car, several profile classes were also identified with high concerns about “privacy” in relation to social distances in public transit. The information and analysis presented enables a deeper understanding of the motivations of the different target profile classes and discusses the need for tailored, socially fair measures to reduce car ownership and use within these groups.

ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Lisa Bönisch; Jan Vallée; Peter Vortisch. Classifying Car Owners in Latent Psychographic Profiles. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Lisa Bönisch, Jan Vallée, Peter Vortisch. Classifying Car Owners in Latent Psychographic Profiles. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Lisa Bönisch; Jan Vallée; Peter Vortisch. 2021. "Classifying Car Owners in Latent Psychographic Profiles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives
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In this paper, we present an approach to segment people based on a visualization of the longitudinal week activity data from the German Mobility Panel. In order to perform segmentations, different clustering methods are commonly used. Most of the approaches require comprehensive prior knowledge about the input data, e.g., condensing information to cluster-forming variables. As this may influence the method itself, we used images with a high degree of freedom. These images show week activity schedules of people, including all trips and activities with their purposes, modes as well as their duration or their temporal position within the week. Thus, we answer the question whether using only this type of image data as input will produce reasonable clustering results as well. For the clustering, we extracted the images from an existing tool, processed them for the method and finally used them again to select the final cluster solution based on the visual impression of cluster assignments. Our results are meaningful as we identified seven activity patterns (clusters) using this visual validation. The approach is confirmed by the data-based analysis of the cluster solution showing also interpretable key figures for all patterns. Thus, we show an approach taking into account many aspects of travel behavior as an input to clustering, while ensuring the interpretability of solutions. Usually, key figures from the data are used for validation, but this practice may obscure some aspects of the longitudinal data, which are visible when looking on the images as validation.

ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Tim Hilgert; Sophia Kirchner; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Image-based activity pattern segmentation using longitudinal data of the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2020, 8, 100264 .

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Tim Hilgert, Sophia Kirchner, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Image-based activity pattern segmentation using longitudinal data of the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2020; 8 ():100264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Tim Hilgert; Sophia Kirchner; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Image-based activity pattern segmentation using longitudinal data of the German Mobility Panel." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 8, no. : 100264.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Transportation Research Procedia
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The inclusion of attitudinal questions in surveys to determine the effects of the psychological dimension is becoming increasingly important in travel behavior research. However, the occurrence of response bias must be taken into account when determining the psychological characteristics. Especially unmotivated participants have the option to run different answer strategies in item sets that query attitudes. With this study, we analyze variations of response bias and carry out an international comparison to identify cultural differences. For this purpose, we use a standardized survey design conducted in Shanghai (China), Berlin (Germany) and San Francisco (USA) and investigate response behavior to psychological questions. Different measurement methods are used to identify certain response patterns. By modifying an existing algorithm, we combine several aspects of response bias into one indicator. Based on an ordered logit regression, we analyze factors influencing response behavior. As a central outcome, people from Shanghai and San Francisco tend to show more suspicious response behavior than people from Berlin. Since the transferability of surveys has to be seen against the background of different linguistic and cultural interpretations, we investigated these peculiarities through a qualitative follow-up study in China. We conclude that international studies must also take into account social and cultural conditions, since a mere translation of attitudinal questions is not enough. This paper underlines the importance of such studies of response behavior, especially in an international comparison, in order to allow interpretations of survey results. Hints and recommendations for further research are given.

ACS Style

Miriam Magdolen; Sascha von Behren; Jessica Hobusch; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Comparison of Response Bias in an Intercultural Context – Evaluation of Psychological Items in Travel Behavior Research. Transportation Research Procedia 2020, 48, 2891 -2905.

AMA Style

Miriam Magdolen, Sascha von Behren, Jessica Hobusch, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Comparison of Response Bias in an Intercultural Context – Evaluation of Psychological Items in Travel Behavior Research. Transportation Research Procedia. 2020; 48 ():2891-2905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miriam Magdolen; Sascha von Behren; Jessica Hobusch; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Comparison of Response Bias in an Intercultural Context – Evaluation of Psychological Items in Travel Behavior Research." Transportation Research Procedia 48, no. : 2891-2905.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in Urban Science
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Travel behavior can be determined by its spatial context. If there are many shops and restaurants in close proximity, various activities can be done by walking or cycling, and a car is not needed. It is also more difficult (e.g., parking space, traffic jams) to use a car in high-density areas. Overall, travel behavior and dependencies on travel behavior are influenced by urbanity. These relationships have so far only been examined very selectively (e.g., at city level) and not in international comparison. In this study we define an Urbanity Index (UI) at zip code level, which considers factors influencing mobility, international comparability, reproducibility as well as practical application and the development of a scalable methodology. In order to describe urbanity, data were collected regarding spatial structure, population, land use, and public transport. We developed the UI using a supervised machine learning technique which divides zip codes into four area types: (1) super-urban, (2) urban, (3) suburban/small town, (4) rural. To train the model, the perception from experts in known zip codes concerning urbanity and mobility was set as ground truth. With the UI, it is possible to compare countries (Germany and France) with a uniform definition and comparable datasets.

ACS Style

Ulrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Tamer Soylu; Johanna Kopp; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Spatial Factor—Using a Random Forest Classification Model to Measure an Internationally Comparable Urbanity Index. Urban Science 2020, 4, 36 .

AMA Style

Ulrich Niklas, Sascha Von Behren, Tamer Soylu, Johanna Kopp, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Spatial Factor—Using a Random Forest Classification Model to Measure an Internationally Comparable Urbanity Index. Urban Science. 2020; 4 (3):36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Tamer Soylu; Johanna Kopp; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Spatial Factor—Using a Random Forest Classification Model to Measure an Internationally Comparable Urbanity Index." Urban Science 4, no. 3: 36.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2020 in Research in Transportation Business & Management
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ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Richard Schubert; Bastian Chlond. International comparison of psychological factors and their influence on travel behavior in hybrid cities. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2020, 36, 100497 .

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Richard Schubert, Bastian Chlond. International comparison of psychological factors and their influence on travel behavior in hybrid cities. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2020; 36 ():100497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Richard Schubert; Bastian Chlond. 2020. "International comparison of psychological factors and their influence on travel behavior in hybrid cities." Research in Transportation Business & Management 36, no. : 100497.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Car use in modern cities with a well-developed public transit is more sophisticated to explain only through hard factors such as sociodemographic characteristics. In cities, it is especially important to consider motives for car use. Therefore, we examined two modern cities with a high modal share of non-motorized modes and public transit to answer the question: How do the affective and instrumental motives influence car use in such cities? The used data set was collected in Berlin and San Francisco. To investigate the role of motives, we applied an ordered hybrid choice model (OHCM) with a probit kernel. Based on the OHCM we explained more than 14% of the overall heterogeneity and gave further insights to the decision-making process. The affective motive had a strong influence on car use frequency, whereby the instrumental aspects did not matter. Furthermore, an effect resulting from age could not be determined for the affective motives in these cities. Results suggest people are more likely to use cars for affective motives despite the city's adversities. For these people it is difficult to achieve a shift to alternative means of transport. The only way to intervene here is through regulatory intervention.

ACS Style

Sascha Von Behren; Lisa Bönisch; Ulrich Niklas; Bastian Chlond. Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5254 .

AMA Style

Sascha Von Behren, Lisa Bönisch, Ulrich Niklas, Bastian Chlond. Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha Von Behren; Lisa Bönisch; Ulrich Niklas; Bastian Chlond. 2020. "Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5254.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in World Electric Vehicle Journal
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To counteract climate change, electric vehicles are replacing vehicles with internal combustion engine on the automotive market. Therefore, electric vehicles must be accepted and used like conventional vehicles. This study aims to investigate to which extent electric vehicles are already being used like conventional vehicles. To do this, we present a supervised method where we combine usage data from conventional vehicles (from car use model based on survey data) and electric vehicles (from sensor data) in Germany and California. Based on conventional vehicles, eight car usage profiles were defined by hierarchical clustering in a previous study. Using a softmax regression, we estimate for each electric vehicle a probability of assignment for every car usage profile. Comparison of conventional and electric vehicles with a high probability reveals that electric vehicles are used similar for long-distance travel (>100 km) and different for short-distance travel (

ACS Style

Ulrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Electric Factor—A Comparison of Car Usage Profiles of Electric and Conventional Vehicles by a Probabilistic Approach. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2020, 11, 36 .

AMA Style

Ulrich Niklas, Sascha Von Behren, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Electric Factor—A Comparison of Car Usage Profiles of Electric and Conventional Vehicles by a Probabilistic Approach. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2020; 11 (2):36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Electric Factor—A Comparison of Car Usage Profiles of Electric and Conventional Vehicles by a Probabilistic Approach." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2: 36.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2019 in Research in Transportation Business & Management
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Car use is affected by various factors (e.g. spatial structures). As a result, the potential for new mobility services and propulsion technologies is perceived to be different depending on these factors. For this purpose, it is necessary to holistically observe the use of cars by all occupants. This comparative study investigates an important factor that can differentiate car use: the premium factor. To address this issue, a sensor data based sample of premium car usage in Germany and California in May 2018 was used. This was compared with a car usage model form survey data to generate detailed car trip profiles from conventional cars in Germany and California over the course of one year. Premium cars are produced by premium Original Equipment Manufacturer (Audi, BMW, Mercedes or Tesla). Conventional cars include all vehicles independent from the brand in a representative population. Specific premium characteristics were identified, such as more frequent long-distance travel, the higher frequency of car use and a very broad car usage with no link to specific purposes. New mobility services and propulsion technologies, premium provider should offer their cars with an extended radius and extended electric range. Furthermore, a universal usability of premium cars should be guaranteed.

ACS Style

Ulrich Niklas; Sascha von Behren; Christine Eisenmann; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Premium factor – Analyzing usage of premium cars compared to conventional cars. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2019, 33, 100456 .

AMA Style

Ulrich Niklas, Sascha von Behren, Christine Eisenmann, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Premium factor – Analyzing usage of premium cars compared to conventional cars. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2019; 33 ():100456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrich Niklas; Sascha von Behren; Christine Eisenmann; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2019. "Premium factor – Analyzing usage of premium cars compared to conventional cars." Research in Transportation Business & Management 33, no. : 100456.

Book chapter
Published: 01 November 2019 in Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome
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In interpreting travel behavior and in particular the use of on-demand mobility (ODM), an understanding of whether and to what extent attitudes toward modes of transport influence travel behavior is essential. In our study, we investigate the influence of attitudes on ODM usage for commuting applying a hybrid choice model (HCM) with an ordered probit kernel in the choice component. The research presented in this paper is based on data collected in the urban area of Shanghai (China), in which revealed travel behavior and psychological factors are captured by using a travel skeleton approach. Results show a high impact of people's perceived public transit experience, among other factors such as age and income, on the probability of choosing ODM services for commuting.

ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Michael Kirn; Michael Heilig; Lisa Bönisch; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. The role of attitudes in on-demand mobility usage - an example from Shanghai. Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome 2019, 103 -124.

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Michael Kirn, Michael Heilig, Lisa Bönisch, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. The role of attitudes in on-demand mobility usage - an example from Shanghai. Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome. 2019; ():103-124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Michael Kirn; Michael Heilig; Lisa Bönisch; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2019. "The role of attitudes in on-demand mobility usage - an example from Shanghai." Mapping the Travel Behavior Genome , no. : 103-124.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2018 in Transportation Research Procedia
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We define objective (car needs for daily activities) and subjective dimensions (other aspects to a car than mobility) of car dependence. We develop an integrated survey design that allows to collect typical weekly travel behavior and sociodemographic data, as well as psychological constructs. To define differing types of car dependence we used the data from an international survey undertaken in Berlin (Germany), San Francisco (USA) and Shanghai (China). We identified dissonances between individuals based on subjective and objective dimensions. The findings also showed that respondents from San Francisco were more objectively dependent on cars than respondents from Berlin or Shanghai.

ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Clotilde Minster; Johanna Esch; Marcel Hunecke; Peter Vortisch; Bastian Chlond. Assessing car dependence: Development of a comprehensive survey approach based on the concept of a travel skeleton. Transportation Research Procedia 2018, 32, 607 -616.

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Clotilde Minster, Johanna Esch, Marcel Hunecke, Peter Vortisch, Bastian Chlond. Assessing car dependence: Development of a comprehensive survey approach based on the concept of a travel skeleton. Transportation Research Procedia. 2018; 32 ():607-616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Clotilde Minster; Johanna Esch; Marcel Hunecke; Peter Vortisch; Bastian Chlond. 2018. "Assessing car dependence: Development of a comprehensive survey approach based on the concept of a travel skeleton." Transportation Research Procedia 32, no. : 607-616.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2018 in Transportation Research Procedia
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Analyzing life events and its consequences for travel behavior routines has gained importance in research over the past years. This paper captures effects of an office relocation in Karlsruhe, Germany with a total of 120 employees. A survey approach, including longitudinal elements, has been developed to capture short- and long-term effects of the employees’ and their household members’ travel behavior. It can be shown that the relocation not only affected commuting mode choice, but also the organization of household tasks. Even after two years since the relocation, the altered mode choice (having shifted from car to other modes) was sustained.

ACS Style

Sascha von Behren; Maike Puhe; Bastian Chlond. Office relocation and changes in travel behavior: Capturing the effects including the adaptation phase. Transportation Research Procedia 2018, 32, 573 -584.

AMA Style

Sascha von Behren, Maike Puhe, Bastian Chlond. Office relocation and changes in travel behavior: Capturing the effects including the adaptation phase. Transportation Research Procedia. 2018; 32 ():573-584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha von Behren; Maike Puhe; Bastian Chlond. 2018. "Office relocation and changes in travel behavior: Capturing the effects including the adaptation phase." Transportation Research Procedia 32, no. : 573-584.

Research article
Published: 14 May 2018 in Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board
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Routines and mandatory activities, such as work and school, shape the activity patterns of individuals and strongly influence travel demand. Knowledge about stability and variability of these routines could strengthen travel demand modelling and forecasting. A longitudinal perspective is required to investigate these aspects. In this study, the activity patterns of a sample of people is compared for one week in two successive years. It is analyzed whether the activity patterns of a given person vary from year to year, to what degree, and how this variability and stability can be measured. It is considered whether socio-demographic factors and life events determine stability in weekly activity patterns. The study is based on the representative panel survey, German Mobility Panel. The weekly activity patterns of the same respondents in different years is assessed, using two methods to measure stability and variability. The survey respondents are clustered into three groups according to the degree of variability in their activity patterns. A logistic regression model is also used to identify socio-economic and demographic covariates for similarity in weekly activity patterns. Results show that about one-third of the sample had the same or very similar weekly activity patterns in the two years examined. A person’s occupation status is a good predictor for the variability of activity patterns. Moreover, persons undergoing a change in occupation status are quite likely to show a greater variability in their activity patterns.

ACS Style

Tim Hilgert; Sascha von Behren; Christine Eisenmann; Peter Vortisch. Are Activity Patterns Stable or Variable? Analysis of Three-Year Panel Data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2018, 2672, 46 -56.

AMA Style

Tim Hilgert, Sascha von Behren, Christine Eisenmann, Peter Vortisch. Are Activity Patterns Stable or Variable? Analysis of Three-Year Panel Data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2018; 2672 (47):46-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tim Hilgert; Sascha von Behren; Christine Eisenmann; Peter Vortisch. 2018. "Are Activity Patterns Stable or Variable? Analysis of Three-Year Panel Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 47: 46-56.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis
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ACS Style

Sascha Behren; Maike Puhe; B. Chlond. Vom Wald in die Stadt. TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 2016, 25, 58 -61.

AMA Style

Sascha Behren, Maike Puhe, B. Chlond. Vom Wald in die Stadt. TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis. 2016; 25 (3):58-61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sascha Behren; Maike Puhe; B. Chlond. 2016. "Vom Wald in die Stadt." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 25, no. 3: 58-61.