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Decision-makers in cities worldwide have the responsibility to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in urban transport. Therefore, effective measures and policies that allow for a change in people’s mobility towards sustainable mobility must be derived. To understand how different people respond to measures and policies, and to increase the effectiveness of such policies, individual mobility needs and mobility determinants have to be considered. For this, the definition of individual mobility styles as holistic descriptions considering travel behavior, attitudes, as well as life stages is useful. This study presents a segmentation approach that identifies eight urban mobility styles by using data from a multidimensional survey conducted in Berlin and San Francisco. We applied a cluster analysis with both behavioral and attitudinal characteristics as segmentation criteria. By analyzing the characteristics, we identified a mobility style—the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals—that is environmentally oriented, but not yet all people in this cluster are sustainable in their mobility. Thus, they are the group with the highest potential to accept and use sustainable mobility. Additionally, we found that within the Environmentally Oriented Multimodals, the change from one life stage to another is also likely to be accompanied by a car acquisition.
Miriam Magdolen; Sascha von Behren; Lukas Burger; Bastian Chlond. Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2968 .
AMA StyleMiriam Magdolen, Sascha von Behren, Lukas Burger, Bastian Chlond. Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Magdolen; Sascha von Behren; Lukas Burger; Bastian Chlond. 2021. "Mobility Styles and Car Ownership—Potentials for a Sustainable Urban Transport." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2968.
In this paper, we present an approach to segment people based on a visualization of the longitudinal week activity data from the German Mobility Panel. In order to perform segmentations, different clustering methods are commonly used. Most of the approaches require comprehensive prior knowledge about the input data, e.g., condensing information to cluster-forming variables. As this may influence the method itself, we used images with a high degree of freedom. These images show week activity schedules of people, including all trips and activities with their purposes, modes as well as their duration or their temporal position within the week. Thus, we answer the question whether using only this type of image data as input will produce reasonable clustering results as well. For the clustering, we extracted the images from an existing tool, processed them for the method and finally used them again to select the final cluster solution based on the visual impression of cluster assignments. Our results are meaningful as we identified seven activity patterns (clusters) using this visual validation. The approach is confirmed by the data-based analysis of the cluster solution showing also interpretable key figures for all patterns. Thus, we show an approach taking into account many aspects of travel behavior as an input to clustering, while ensuring the interpretability of solutions. Usually, key figures from the data are used for validation, but this practice may obscure some aspects of the longitudinal data, which are visible when looking on the images as validation.
Sascha von Behren; Tim Hilgert; Sophia Kirchner; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Image-based activity pattern segmentation using longitudinal data of the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 2020, 8, 100264 .
AMA StyleSascha von Behren, Tim Hilgert, Sophia Kirchner, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Image-based activity pattern segmentation using longitudinal data of the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. 2020; 8 ():100264.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSascha von Behren; Tim Hilgert; Sophia Kirchner; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Image-based activity pattern segmentation using longitudinal data of the German Mobility Panel." Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 8, no. : 100264.
Travel behavior can be determined by its spatial context. If there are many shops and restaurants in close proximity, various activities can be done by walking or cycling, and a car is not needed. It is also more difficult (e.g., parking space, traffic jams) to use a car in high-density areas. Overall, travel behavior and dependencies on travel behavior are influenced by urbanity. These relationships have so far only been examined very selectively (e.g., at city level) and not in international comparison. In this study we define an Urbanity Index (UI) at zip code level, which considers factors influencing mobility, international comparability, reproducibility as well as practical application and the development of a scalable methodology. In order to describe urbanity, data were collected regarding spatial structure, population, land use, and public transport. We developed the UI using a supervised machine learning technique which divides zip codes into four area types: (1) super-urban, (2) urban, (3) suburban/small town, (4) rural. To train the model, the perception from experts in known zip codes concerning urbanity and mobility was set as ground truth. With the UI, it is possible to compare countries (Germany and France) with a uniform definition and comparable datasets.
Ulrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Tamer Soylu; Johanna Kopp; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Spatial Factor—Using a Random Forest Classification Model to Measure an Internationally Comparable Urbanity Index. Urban Science 2020, 4, 36 .
AMA StyleUlrich Niklas, Sascha Von Behren, Tamer Soylu, Johanna Kopp, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Spatial Factor—Using a Random Forest Classification Model to Measure an Internationally Comparable Urbanity Index. Urban Science. 2020; 4 (3):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Tamer Soylu; Johanna Kopp; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Spatial Factor—Using a Random Forest Classification Model to Measure an Internationally Comparable Urbanity Index." Urban Science 4, no. 3: 36.
Sascha von Behren; Richard Schubert; Bastian Chlond. International comparison of psychological factors and their influence on travel behavior in hybrid cities. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2020, 36, 100497 .
AMA StyleSascha von Behren, Richard Schubert, Bastian Chlond. International comparison of psychological factors and their influence on travel behavior in hybrid cities. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2020; 36 ():100497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSascha von Behren; Richard Schubert; Bastian Chlond. 2020. "International comparison of psychological factors and their influence on travel behavior in hybrid cities." Research in Transportation Business & Management 36, no. : 100497.
Car use in modern cities with a well-developed public transit is more sophisticated to explain only through hard factors such as sociodemographic characteristics. In cities, it is especially important to consider motives for car use. Therefore, we examined two modern cities with a high modal share of non-motorized modes and public transit to answer the question: How do the affective and instrumental motives influence car use in such cities? The used data set was collected in Berlin and San Francisco. To investigate the role of motives, we applied an ordered hybrid choice model (OHCM) with a probit kernel. Based on the OHCM we explained more than 14% of the overall heterogeneity and gave further insights to the decision-making process. The affective motive had a strong influence on car use frequency, whereby the instrumental aspects did not matter. Furthermore, an effect resulting from age could not be determined for the affective motives in these cities. Results suggest people are more likely to use cars for affective motives despite the city's adversities. For these people it is difficult to achieve a shift to alternative means of transport. The only way to intervene here is through regulatory intervention.
Sascha Von Behren; Lisa Bönisch; Ulrich Niklas; Bastian Chlond. Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5254 .
AMA StyleSascha Von Behren, Lisa Bönisch, Ulrich Niklas, Bastian Chlond. Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSascha Von Behren; Lisa Bönisch; Ulrich Niklas; Bastian Chlond. 2020. "Revealing Motives for Car Use in Modern Cities—A Case Study from Berlin and San Francisco." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5254.
To counteract climate change, electric vehicles are replacing vehicles with internal combustion engine on the automotive market. Therefore, electric vehicles must be accepted and used like conventional vehicles. This study aims to investigate to which extent electric vehicles are already being used like conventional vehicles. To do this, we present a supervised method where we combine usage data from conventional vehicles (from car use model based on survey data) and electric vehicles (from sensor data) in Germany and California. Based on conventional vehicles, eight car usage profiles were defined by hierarchical clustering in a previous study. Using a softmax regression, we estimate for each electric vehicle a probability of assignment for every car usage profile. Comparison of conventional and electric vehicles with a high probability reveals that electric vehicles are used similar for long-distance travel (>100 km) and different for short-distance travel (
Ulrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Electric Factor—A Comparison of Car Usage Profiles of Electric and Conventional Vehicles by a Probabilistic Approach. World Electric Vehicle Journal 2020, 11, 36 .
AMA StyleUlrich Niklas, Sascha Von Behren, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Electric Factor—A Comparison of Car Usage Profiles of Electric and Conventional Vehicles by a Probabilistic Approach. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2020; 11 (2):36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrich Niklas; Sascha Von Behren; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2020. "Electric Factor—A Comparison of Car Usage Profiles of Electric and Conventional Vehicles by a Probabilistic Approach." World Electric Vehicle Journal 11, no. 2: 36.
Car use is affected by various factors (e.g. spatial structures). As a result, the potential for new mobility services and propulsion technologies is perceived to be different depending on these factors. For this purpose, it is necessary to holistically observe the use of cars by all occupants. This comparative study investigates an important factor that can differentiate car use: the premium factor. To address this issue, a sensor data based sample of premium car usage in Germany and California in May 2018 was used. This was compared with a car usage model form survey data to generate detailed car trip profiles from conventional cars in Germany and California over the course of one year. Premium cars are produced by premium Original Equipment Manufacturer (Audi, BMW, Mercedes or Tesla). Conventional cars include all vehicles independent from the brand in a representative population. Specific premium characteristics were identified, such as more frequent long-distance travel, the higher frequency of car use and a very broad car usage with no link to specific purposes. New mobility services and propulsion technologies, premium provider should offer their cars with an extended radius and extended electric range. Furthermore, a universal usability of premium cars should be guaranteed.
Ulrich Niklas; Sascha von Behren; Christine Eisenmann; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Premium factor – Analyzing usage of premium cars compared to conventional cars. Research in Transportation Business & Management 2019, 33, 100456 .
AMA StyleUlrich Niklas, Sascha von Behren, Christine Eisenmann, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Premium factor – Analyzing usage of premium cars compared to conventional cars. Research in Transportation Business & Management. 2019; 33 ():100456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrich Niklas; Sascha von Behren; Christine Eisenmann; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2019. "Premium factor – Analyzing usage of premium cars compared to conventional cars." Research in Transportation Business & Management 33, no. : 100456.
Transportation policy measures aim to motivate people to change their travel behavior (e.g. to use sustainable modes of transportation instead of a car). Furthermore, life events (e.g. birth of a child, retirement) often result in changes in travel behavior. On the other hand, structural processes (e.g. the exchange of differently car-socialized cohorts) might result in changes in travel volumes as well, but the underlying reasons for this cannot be regarded as behavioral changes. A major goal in the workshop was to find a comprehensive definition of behavioral change. Based on this definition, methodological approaches have been discussed and distinguished from each other and methods for the identification and measurement of behavioral changes by use of different methodical approaches have been revealed.
Bastian Chlond; Christine Eisenmann. Workshop Synthesis: Behavioral changes in travel – challenges and implications for their identification and measurement. Transportation Research Procedia 2018, 32, 563 -572.
AMA StyleBastian Chlond, Christine Eisenmann. Workshop Synthesis: Behavioral changes in travel – challenges and implications for their identification and measurement. Transportation Research Procedia. 2018; 32 ():563-572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastian Chlond; Christine Eisenmann. 2018. "Workshop Synthesis: Behavioral changes in travel – challenges and implications for their identification and measurement." Transportation Research Procedia 32, no. : 563-572.
The German Mobility Panel is a multi-day and multi-period panel survey, which has been collecting data on travel behavior in Germany since 1994. Declining survey participation rates in the last decade in various socio-demographic groups resulted in the implementation of a mixed-mode design for the German Mobility Panel, both in the sampling stage (landline and mobile phone recruitment) and in the data collection stage (paper and web). This study deals with two questions: does the new mixed-mode design affect a person’s willingness to continue participating in the consecutive survey waves? Is there a causal relation between data quality and completeness of survey repeaters and survey mode in the data collection stage? Our results show that survey mode and drop out propensity are not linked but web participants are more likely to switch their survey mode in the consecutive year. Overall, our study makes a case of how adaptations to the survey modes in a longitudinal panel survey on travel behavior affect the survey outcomes.
Christine Eisenmann; Bastian Chlond; Clotilde Minster; Christian Jödden; Peter Vortisch. Mixed mode survey design and panel repetition – findings from the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Procedia 2018, 32, 319 -328.
AMA StyleChristine Eisenmann, Bastian Chlond, Clotilde Minster, Christian Jödden, Peter Vortisch. Mixed mode survey design and panel repetition – findings from the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Procedia. 2018; 32 ():319-328.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine Eisenmann; Bastian Chlond; Clotilde Minster; Christian Jödden; Peter Vortisch. 2018. "Mixed mode survey design and panel repetition – findings from the German Mobility Panel." Transportation Research Procedia 32, no. : 319-328.
Electric vehicles play a key role in strategic development plans of urban regions in Europe because they are seen as a promising technology to promote environmental quality, livability, and sustainability. Studies on electric mobility mostly concentrate on battery electric cars and disregard hybrid technologies which could address the weakness of range limitations. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of extended range electric vehicle (EREV) solutions on travel behavior, energy demand, environment, and overall sustainable development in the greater Stuttgart region in Germany. An integrated large-scale simulation approach merging different models is applied for future scenarios in 2025. The results show that with EREVs (1) most travel patterns can be fulfilled, (2) the impact on electricity generation is marginal, and (3) there is a high potential to reduce local emissions in areas with high traffic density. Overall, electric mobility is evaluated as one component toward sustainable development in the study area. This study demonstrates the complexity of the topic and highlights the importance of addressing this issue with a multidisciplinary approach.
Juliane Stark; Christine Weiß; Rochdi Trigui; Thomas Franke; Michael Baumann; Patrick Jochem; Laura Brethauer; Bastian Chlond; Madlen Günther; Roman Klementschitz; Christoph Link; Nicolai Mallig. Electric Vehicles with Range Extenders: Evaluating the Contribution to the Sustainable Development of Metropolitan Regions. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 2018, 144, 04017023 .
AMA StyleJuliane Stark, Christine Weiß, Rochdi Trigui, Thomas Franke, Michael Baumann, Patrick Jochem, Laura Brethauer, Bastian Chlond, Madlen Günther, Roman Klementschitz, Christoph Link, Nicolai Mallig. Electric Vehicles with Range Extenders: Evaluating the Contribution to the Sustainable Development of Metropolitan Regions. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 2018; 144 (1):04017023.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuliane Stark; Christine Weiß; Rochdi Trigui; Thomas Franke; Michael Baumann; Patrick Jochem; Laura Brethauer; Bastian Chlond; Madlen Günther; Roman Klementschitz; Christoph Link; Nicolai Mallig. 2018. "Electric Vehicles with Range Extenders: Evaluating the Contribution to the Sustainable Development of Metropolitan Regions." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 144, no. 1: 04017023.
The travel demand model mobiTopp is used to analyse the effects of an increasing fleet of electric vehicles on the electricity demand. For this purpose mobiTopp has been extended to support EVs. These extensions comprise an EV ownership model, different types of EVs, namely Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs), the charging process of EVs, and modified travel behaviour for persons using BEVs. The model is used to simulate the electricity demand for charging of EVs in the Greater Stuttgart Area over a period of one week. The daily electricity demand for EV charging contains a distinct peak around 6 p.m. for each workday and an additional morning peak around 8 a.m. when recharging at the workplace is possible. This additional electricity demand is concentrated in zones with residential use during the evening peak and in zones with office/industrial use during the morning peak.
Nicolai Mallig; Michael Heilig; Christine Weiss; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Modelling the weekly electricity demand caused by electric cars. Future Generation Computer Systems 2016, 64, 140 -150.
AMA StyleNicolai Mallig, Michael Heilig, Christine Weiss, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Modelling the weekly electricity demand caused by electric cars. Future Generation Computer Systems. 2016; 64 ():140-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolai Mallig; Michael Heilig; Christine Weiss; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2016. "Modelling the weekly electricity demand caused by electric cars." Future Generation Computer Systems 64, no. : 140-150.
Tamer Soylu; John E. Anderson; Nicole Böttcher; Christine Weiß; Bastian Chlond; Tobias Kuhnimhof. Building Up Demand-Oriented Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Germany. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 19, 187 -198.
AMA StyleTamer Soylu, John E. Anderson, Nicole Böttcher, Christine Weiß, Bastian Chlond, Tobias Kuhnimhof. Building Up Demand-Oriented Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Germany. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 19 ():187-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamer Soylu; John E. Anderson; Nicole Böttcher; Christine Weiß; Bastian Chlond; Tobias Kuhnimhof. 2016. "Building Up Demand-Oriented Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles in Germany." Transportation Research Procedia 19, no. : 187-198.
The German Mobility Panel is one of the longest-lasting studies with a basically unchanged design in mobility behaviour research world-wide. As a result one central asset of this study is the provision of time series data. Nevertheless in repeated surveys, design changes are sometimes inevitable due to new research questions or external developments. Since 1994 the German Mobility Panel has seen only minor design adaptations. After nearly 20 years with a more or less unchanged design, declining participation rates by certain person groups and new survey methods have required fundamental changes in the survey design. This paper describes design changes to the German Mobility Panel in 2013 and analyses the first outcomes generated by the methodological changes.
Bastian Chlond; Tatjana Streit; Gerhild Abler; Peter Vortisch. Balancing Innovation and Continuity – Experiences with Survey Design Adaptations of the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Procedia 2015, 11, 43 -59.
AMA StyleBastian Chlond, Tatjana Streit, Gerhild Abler, Peter Vortisch. Balancing Innovation and Continuity – Experiences with Survey Design Adaptations of the German Mobility Panel. Transportation Research Procedia. 2015; 11 ():43-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastian Chlond; Tatjana Streit; Gerhild Abler; Peter Vortisch. 2015. "Balancing Innovation and Continuity – Experiences with Survey Design Adaptations of the German Mobility Panel." Transportation Research Procedia 11, no. : 43-59.
Nicolai Mallig; Michael Heilig; Christine Weiss; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. Modelling the Weekly Electricity Demand Caused by Electric Cars. Procedia Computer Science 2015, 52, 444 -451.
AMA StyleNicolai Mallig, Michael Heilig, Christine Weiss, Bastian Chlond, Peter Vortisch. Modelling the Weekly Electricity Demand Caused by Electric Cars. Procedia Computer Science. 2015; 52 ():444-451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolai Mallig; Michael Heilig; Christine Weiss; Bastian Chlond; Peter Vortisch. 2015. "Modelling the Weekly Electricity Demand Caused by Electric Cars." Procedia Computer Science 52, no. : 444-451.
The low driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEV) is often considered as relevant reason for the low BEV sales. In order to verify this assumption, the usage of conventional cars in Germany needs to be analyzed. These analyses may help to make more reliable and realistic statements to what extent German cars could be replaced by BEVs without restrictions for their users. Most travel surveys do only consider a single day or a short period of time in the analysis. Longer time periods should be taken into consideration when analyzing the travel data since the daily car usage is not identical every day. Since there are no representative and detailed car usage surveys over longer periods available a hybrid car usage model was developed to close that gap. This model is mainly based on three mobility surveys: the German Mobility Panel (MOP), the car mileage and fuel consumption survey, and the long distance travel survey INVERMO. We show that 13% of the modeled German private car fleet never exceeds 100km per day during a full year and could be replaced by BEVs without any usage restrictions for their car owners. Another 16% of the modeled private car fleet is driven more than 100km on 1-4 days during a full year and can be substituted with slight adjustments. These cars are often second cars of a household and used less intensively (6,600km/year resp. 7600km/year) than cars not suited for BEV substitution (14,800km/year). Households that could replace their cars tend to have a lower disposable income. The crux of the matter, however, is that substitution of conventional cars is often not feasible since the mobility budget of BEV suited households tends to be too low or does not make economic sense due to the low annual mileage
Christine Weiss; Bastian Chlond; Michael Heilig; Peter Vortisch. Capturing the Usage of the German Car Fleet for a One Year Period to Evaluate the Suitability of Battery Electric Vehicles – A Model based Approach. Transportation Research Procedia 2014, 1, 133 -141.
AMA StyleChristine Weiss, Bastian Chlond, Michael Heilig, Peter Vortisch. Capturing the Usage of the German Car Fleet for a One Year Period to Evaluate the Suitability of Battery Electric Vehicles – A Model based Approach. Transportation Research Procedia. 2014; 1 (1):133-141.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine Weiss; Bastian Chlond; Michael Heilig; Peter Vortisch. 2014. "Capturing the Usage of the German Car Fleet for a One Year Period to Evaluate the Suitability of Battery Electric Vehicles – A Model based Approach." Transportation Research Procedia 1, no. 1: 133-141.