Accumulation of the Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS) is considered as one of the most harmful renewable ecological and human health problems. MSS is a renewable resource that could be used as a soil organic amendment. This study aims to reduce the Heavy Metals (HMs) from the sludge content and sludge compost. Furthermore, this study is considered the first to assess the mycotoxins content in sludge and sludge compost via a new biological treatment using the fungus Serendipita indica or a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, thus providing safer nutrients for the soil amendment for a longer time and preserving human health. The HMs and mycotoxins were determined. The results exhibited that the biotic remediation of bio-solid waste and sewage sludge compost succeeded; a new bio-treated compost with a very low content of heavy metals and almost mycotoxins-free contents was availed. Also, the results indicated that the Lactobacilli mixture realized the best results in reducing heavy metals contents and mycotoxins. Afterward, S. indica. biotic remediation of bio-solid waste and sewage sludge compost minimized the health risk hazards affecting the human food chain, allowing for the different uses of sludge to be safer for the environment.

Endophytic fungi are a significant group of fungi found in various ecosystems, producing significant secondary metabolites with economic applications. The study aims to extract gibberellic acid from endophytic fungi, optimize its production using low-cost agriculture residues, and apply it to plants. Endophytic fungi were isolated from onion leaves, screened for gibberellic acid production, and the highest producer was identified by morphological and molecular tools. The production was optimized using three levels Box–Behnken design, and the hormone was applied to maize seeds at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 ppm. Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum, F. incarnatum, and F. camptoceras produced gibberellic acid at concentrations from 3.04 to 36.33 mg/l, with the highest production by F. incarnatum-ASU19 (MK387876). The optimal parameters increased the production significantly (R ² 0.9974) to 166.81 mg/l using 20 g/l sugarcane bagasse, 35 °C incubation temperature, and seven days of incubation. Increased gibberellic acid concentrations induced morphological characteristics, chlorophyll, flavonoids, and total antioxidants in maize compared to controls without GA₃ addition. In conclusion, the endophytic fungus Fusarium incarnatum demonstrates significant potential for gibberellic acid production from low-cost agricultural residues. This bioprocess not only promotes a cleaner environment but also enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stress and positively influences agricultural productivity.

Access to drinking water is a universal right of human beings that has not been achieved globally, so it is necessary to continue working to achieve it. Humans and other living things depend on water for life and health. Forests have long been seen as an important source of clean drinking water. The high cost of treated water makes most rural communities resort to readily available sources that are normally of low quality, exposing them to water-brown diseases. In this light, this research was carried out to confirm the effectiveness of powder extracted from mature-dried seeds of Moringa oleifera, Parkinsonia aculeate, and Jatropha curcas for clarification of water. In the present study, various doses of Moringa oleifera, Parkinsonia aculeate and, Jatropha curcas seeds coagulant were added as 5 ,10 and 20 grams per liter of decanted water. Treated water was kept stable for 0 (control), 12, 24 and 48 hours. With increasing coagulant doses. The measured parameters such as pH, turbidity, TDS, TSS, watercolor, colony-forming unit (CFU), temperature, and electrical conductivity were decreased. Also, the lowest turbidity was achieved by settling time T4, since it displayed 4.29 (NTU), 9.42 (NTU) and 8.72 (NTU) for M. oleifera, P. aculeate and J. curcas seed powder, respectively. Furthermore, the total bacterial count at settling time T1(control) gave the highest CFU 232.48×103 cfu∕ ml, 301×103 cfu∕ ml and 297.71×103 cfu∕ ml for M. oleifera, P. aculeate and J. curcas seed, respectively. On the other hand, the total coliform detected the highest total bacterial count in water samples treated with Parkinsonia aculeate tree as compared with the two other trees; it was 391.3×102 at the second concentration. Therefore, the main objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency of natural absorbents from Moronga oleifera, Parkinsonia aculeante, and Jatropha curcas in treating drinking water.

Pots experiments were conducted on corn plants (Zea mays, L.), Trihybrid 302, at the experimental greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty (Saba-Basha), Alexandria University, Egypt to evaluate the effect of rock phosphate, some nano-herbicides particlesand phosphate solubilizing bacteria on growth and chemical composition of corn plants grows in calcareous soil. The experiment was designed as spilt -spilt plot design with four replicates. Each replicate contained 8 treatments as follows: main plot as rock phosphate (0, 50 and 100), subplot as herbicides (Control, herbicide, nano-herbicide), sub-sub plot phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Uninoculated, Bacillus megaterium). Results indicated that, the interaction with rock phosphate at a rate 100% of the recomonded dose and nano-herbicides in the case of plants inoculated with B. megaterium bacteria recorded the maximum mean values of vegetative growth of maize (plant height, total chlorophyll (SPAD), shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, leaf area index, as compared of control plants which gave the minimum mean values of these characters. Also, rock phosphate at 100% rate, nano-herbicides and bacteria gave the highest mean values of root fresh and dry weight, as compared with control. Moreover, rock phosphate at 100% rate, nano-herbicides and bacteria gave the highest mean values of N, P, K percentages in shoot, as compared with control.

The current study investigated the role of inoculating groundnut with isolated Rhizobium leguminosarum under water stress. Three levels of irrigation {80% (control), 60% (D1), and 40% (D2) of field capacity} were employed in the presence or absence of Rhizobium. Results revealed that plant growth biomarkers and physiological attributes were altered under drought conditions, while Rhizobium-groundnut-symbiosis with or without water stress showed a remarkable improvement in plant growth (branch number, shoot and root fresh and dry weights) photosyntheticpigments and the quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) as well as the increase in nodules' weight, number, leghaemoglobin, and N2 contents. The electrograms displayed quantitative and qualitative characteristic changes among the D1 and D2 separately or with Rhizobium inoculation. Drought-induced synthesis of high or low MWs new stress protein bands with low intensities; additionally, Rhizobium inoculation resulted in the increase in the number of bands, besides the elucidation of the relationships among different treatments as showed by dendrogram cluster analysis. The overall results suggest that Rhizobium-symbiosis regarded as a promising and effective tool for the modulation of groundnut to conquer water deficiency.