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Sajid Ahmad
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Generally white color of the skin is regarded as a feature of superiority and prettiness around the world. Both the males and females in Pakistan apply skin-lightening creams (SLC) but they do not know about the side-effects of their constituents. Skin-lightening products include SLC and related ointments. The SLC are made by mixing fates and water in standard procedure. Here, 20 SLC specimens were obtained and subjected to mercury, hydroquinone and the total plate count (TPC). The hydroquinone in SLC was determined using HPLC, mercury level was assessed by ICP OES and finally TPC were computing by utilizing nutrient media (Agar). The hydroquinone in SLC ranged from 0 to 7.14 ± 0.18% with a median value of 0.33%. In 25% of the studied samples, hydroquinone was not detected, 70% of the samples showed values within the limit and 5% of the samples (1 sample) had a hydroquinone concentration above the permissible limit defined by Pakistan (5%). The mercury ranged 0-7.7 ppm, with a median value of 2.5 ppm. Mercury was detected in 95% of the samples; thus, only 5% of the samples had no mercury. In turn, 20% had mercury within the limit value while 75% of the samples had concentration above the Pakistan standard limit (1 ppm). Moreover, TPC obtained in this study was less than the allowable value set according to European Union (EU). Hence, the SLC samples showed high concentration of toxic constituents which could cause deleterious skin diseases. Government must monitor such kind of cosmetic products regularly in order to reduce the danger.

ACS Style

Mehreen Arshad; Yumna Sadef; Muhammad Shakoor; Muhammad Naeem; Farzana Bashir; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Irfan Abid; Naeem Khan; Mohammed Alyemeni. Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8786 .

AMA Style

Mehreen Arshad, Yumna Sadef, Muhammad Shakoor, Muhammad Naeem, Farzana Bashir, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Irfan Abid, Naeem Khan, Mohammed Alyemeni. Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):8786.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mehreen Arshad; Yumna Sadef; Muhammad Shakoor; Muhammad Naeem; Farzana Bashir; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Irfan Abid; Naeem Khan; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Quantitative Estimation of the Hydroquinone, Mercury and Total Plate Count in Skin-Lightening Creams." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 8786.

Review
Published: 14 July 2021 in Forests
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This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation and mapping through high-resolution optical satellite imagery (≤5 m spatial resolution). Based on the literature review, 44 peer-reviewed journal articles were published in 15 years (2004–2019). Twenty-one studies were conducted in Asia, eight in North America and Africa, five in South America, and four in Europe. This review article gives a glance at the published methodologies for AGB prediction modeling and validation. The literature review suggested that, along with the integration of other sensors, QuickBird, WorldView-2, and IKONOS satellite images were most widely used for AGB estimations, with higher estimation accuracies. All studies were grouped into six satellite-derived independent variables, including tree crown, image textures, tree shadow fraction, canopy height, vegetation indices, and multiple variables. Using these satellite-derived independent variables, most of the studies used linear regression (41%), while 30% used linear multiple regression and 18% used non-linear (machine learning) regression, while very few (11%) studies used non-linear (multiple and exponential) regression for estimating AGB. In the context of global forest AGB estimations and monitoring, the advantages, strengths, and limitations were discussed to achieve better accuracy and transparency towards the performance-based payment mechanism of the REDD+ program. Apart from technical limitations, we realized that very few studies talked about real-time monitoring of AGB or quantifying AGB change, a dimension that needs exploration.

ACS Style

Adeel Ahmad; Hammad Gilani; Sajid Ahmad. Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation and Mapping through High-Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery—A Literature Review. Forests 2021, 12, 914 .

AMA Style

Adeel Ahmad, Hammad Gilani, Sajid Ahmad. Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation and Mapping through High-Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery—A Literature Review. Forests. 2021; 12 (7):914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adeel Ahmad; Hammad Gilani; Sajid Ahmad. 2021. "Forest Aboveground Biomass Estimation and Mapping through High-Resolution Optical Satellite Imagery—A Literature Review." Forests 12, no. 7: 914.

Original article
Published: 03 April 2021 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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This study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Mandi Baha-Ud-Din district, which is an important part of the Jhelum Basin. The study area is highly populated with low facilities in the provision of clean drinking water. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the spatial variability of different physicochemical parameters. A total of 59 analysed groundwater samples indicated that the ionic concentration was in the order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for major cations and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F− > CO32− for anions. Traces of arsenic and other toxic elements were found in the vicinity of the industrial zone, but they are well below the designated thresholds. The bivariate Gibbs diagram illustrates that 75–80% of samples fall in the rock-water interaction zone, and the rest of the samples lie in the rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Piper’s plot revealed that seven samples were dominated by alkaline earth metals, seven samples showed the nature of alkalies, and the rest of the samples showed mixed character. Final water quality index (82) shows that the water quality is generally “good”, per the NSFWQI classification. This paper illustrates hydrochemical facies along with a natural mechanism controlling overall water chemistry.

ACS Style

Mohsin Abbas; Shui-Long Shen; Hai-Min Lyu; Annan Zhou; Sajid Rashid. Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Earth Sciences 2021, 80, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Mohsin Abbas, Shui-Long Shen, Hai-Min Lyu, Annan Zhou, Sajid Rashid. Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2021; 80 (8):1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohsin Abbas; Shui-Long Shen; Hai-Min Lyu; Annan Zhou; Sajid Rashid. 2021. "Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 8: 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Sustainability
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The extensive use of lithium (Li) ion-based batteries has increased the contamination of soil and water systems due to widespread dispersal of Li products in the environment. In the current study, the influence of Li application on soil fertility and leachate was observed. Three soil samples were collected and five treatments of Li (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) were applied. After three months of Li treatment, leachate was collected and soil samples were subjected to physical and chemical analyses. The results showed that the mean values of soil pH were increased slightly after Li application while electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 1.2 to 5.1 µS/cm, indicating that soil was slightly saline in nature. The sodium was observed to be greater than the recommended values (0.3–0.7 mg/kg) in Li-amended soil while calcium and magnesium values decreased in soils compared to untreated soil. Mean values of phosphorus and potassium were greater before Li application and reduced considerably after Li application. Leachate analysis showed that all the parameters differed significantly except those of zinc and iron. The EC of leachate samples ranged from 2286–7188 µS/cm, which shows strong salinity. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 1–11, which indicates that it falls into the marginal soil category. Lithium concentration in leachate samples ranged from 0–95 mg/L, which was significantly higher than the acceptable value for lithium (2.5 mg/L) in leachate. A soil sample (3) with an additional 10% organic matter showed that after Li application, the loss of nutrients in leachate was less as compared to the other two samples, demonstrating that organic matter improved soil conditions and suppressed the negative effects of Li on soil. Our results could raise concerns about risks in situations where food and fodder crops are associated with Li-contaminated waste disposal.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1705 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Hayyat, Rab Nawaz, Zafar Siddiq, Muhammad Shakoor, Maira Mushtaq, Sajid Ahmad, Shafaqat Ali, Afzal Hussain, Muhammad Irshad, Abdulaziz Alsahli, Mohammed Alyemeni. Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1705.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hayyat; Rab Nawaz; Zafar Siddiq; Muhammad Shakoor; Maira Mushtaq; Sajid Ahmad; Shafaqat Ali; Afzal Hussain; Muhammad Irshad; Abdulaziz Alsahli; Mohammed Alyemeni. 2021. "Investigation of Lithium Application and Effect of Organic Matter on Soil Health." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1705.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2021 in Water
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Chromium (Cr) in water bodies is considered as a major environmental issue around the world. In the present study, aqueous Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk was studied as a function of various environmental parameters. Equilibrium time was achieved in 2 h and maximum Cr(VI) adsorption was 78.6% at pH 5.2 and 120 mg L−1 initial Cr(VI) concentration. In isotherm experiments, the maximum sorption was observed as 379.63 mg g−1. Among four isotherm models, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Langmuir models showed the best fitting to the adsorption data, suggesting physical and monolayer adsorption to be the dominant mechanism. The kinetic modeling showed that a pseudo-second order model was suitable to describe kinetic equilibrium data, suggesting a fast adsorption rate of Cr(VI). The results of FTIR spectroscopy indicated that mainly –OH and C–H contributed to Cr(VI) adsorption onto rice husk. This paper provided evidence that rice husk could be a cost-effective, environment-friendly and efficient adsorptive material for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater due to its high adsorption capacity.

ACS Style

Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water 2021, 13, 263 .

AMA Style

Usman Khalil, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Shafaqat Ali, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Rizwan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation. Water. 2021; 13 (3):263.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usman Khalil; Muhammad Bilal Shakoor; Shafaqat Ali; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Rizwan; Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni. 2021. "Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Wastewater by Rice Husk: Kinetic, Isotherm and Spectroscopic Investigation." Water 13, no. 3: 263.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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There is not enough data available on occupational health and safety issues of underground coal miners in Pakistan. This study focuses on spinal disorders in association with personal and occupational factors. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used for a cross-sectional study of 260 workers of 20 mines located in four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Regression models were created for upper back pain and lower back pain of workers whose mean age is 19.8 years (±SD 1.47). Results identify the coal cutting as the most harmful work with odds ratios (ORs) 13.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 13.7–21.5) for lower back pain and 11.2 (95% CI 3.5–19.4) for upper back pain in participants. Those with greater years of work experience had higher odds of upper back pain (2.4, 95% CI 1.4–3.5) and lower back pain (3.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.4). Number of repetitions (mean value 25.85/minute with ±SD 9.48) are also significant for spinal disorder with ORs of 4.3 (95% CI 3.2–7.4) for lower back and 1.3 (95% CI 1.0–2.4) for upper back. Many other occupational and personal factors are positively associated with the back pain in underground coal mines workers, requiring immediate ergonomic intervention.

ACS Style

Madiha Ijaz; Muhammad Akram; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Kamran Mirza; Falaq Ali Nadeem; Steven M. Thygerson. Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Upper and Lower Back Pain in Male Underground Coal Miners in Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4102 .

AMA Style

Madiha Ijaz, Muhammad Akram, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Kamran Mirza, Falaq Ali Nadeem, Steven M. Thygerson. Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Upper and Lower Back Pain in Male Underground Coal Miners in Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):4102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madiha Ijaz; Muhammad Akram; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Kamran Mirza; Falaq Ali Nadeem; Steven M. Thygerson. 2020. "Risk Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Upper and Lower Back Pain in Male Underground Coal Miners in Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 4102.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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Coal is a major source of energy in developing countries. Its underground mining exposes workers to respirable dust containing silica, causing respiratory illness. The objectives of this study include measuring this dust and the percentage of its silica content and evaluating the prevalence of respiratory diseases among coal cutters. A walkthrough survey performa, SKC Airchek 52 (SKC Inc., eighty four, PA, USA) air sampling pumps, an anemometer, hygrometer, multi-gas detector, a thermometer and modified International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) respiratory questionnaire were used to collect data from 64 workers working in 5 different mines of Chakwal District in Punjab, Pakistan. Mine E, with the lowest ventilation volumetric flow rate (18m3/s), has the highest dust concentration (6.10 mg/m3, silica content 2.699%). Conversely, mine A, with the highest ventilation volumetric flow rate (45 m3/s), has the lowest dust concentration (2.58 mg/m3, 1.33 % silica content). Survey results show that 71% of workers inherited this occupation, 94% did not smoke, 99% did not use any dust mask, 47% have diagnosed tuberculosis and 8% asthma. About 57, 48, 44 and 42 workers reported cough, phlegm, chest tightness and shortness of breath, respectively. The 89% workers were told by their physicians that dust exposure was the reason for their respiratory ailment.

ACS Style

Madiha Ijaz; Muhammad Akram; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Waheed Ullah Khan; Steven M. Thygerson; Falaq Ali Nadeem. Dust Generation and Respiratory Impact of Underground Coal-Producing mines in Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2020, 29, 3611 -3620.

AMA Style

Madiha Ijaz, Muhammad Akram, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Waheed Ullah Khan, Steven M. Thygerson, Falaq Ali Nadeem. Dust Generation and Respiratory Impact of Underground Coal-Producing mines in Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2020; 29 (5):3611-3620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madiha Ijaz; Muhammad Akram; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Waheed Ullah Khan; Steven M. Thygerson; Falaq Ali Nadeem. 2020. "Dust Generation and Respiratory Impact of Underground Coal-Producing mines in Pakistan." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29, no. 5: 3611-3620.

Journal article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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About 80% of raw material of the leather industry ends up in waste, which poses a great problem for waste management. During the current study, economical and ecofriendly techniques for conversion of tannery waste into biogas were evaluated. Fats, shavings and dried sludge showed 50%, 65% and 61% organic content and 68%, 45% and 9.6% moisture content, respectively. Dried sludge, pre-tanning waste (fats and shavings) and manure were digested either alone or in different combinations through amber glass bottles. The temperature was maintained from 32ºC to 35ºC by insulating digesters with sand at pH 6.8 to 7.5. The maximum amount of biogas (1623±26.1 ml/kg) was observed by digesting equal proportions of manure and dried sludge. The results depicted that 473±9.19 ml of biogas was biosynthesized from 1kg of sample comprising 25% pre-tanning waste and 75% manure.

ACS Style

Madiha Ijaz; Amtul Bari Tabinda; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Waheed Ullah Khan; Nasim Ahmad Yasin. Biogas Synthesis from Leather Industry Solid Waste in Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2020, 29, 3621 -3628.

AMA Style

Madiha Ijaz, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Waheed Ullah Khan, Nasim Ahmad Yasin. Biogas Synthesis from Leather Industry Solid Waste in Pakistan. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2020; 29 (5):3621-3628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madiha Ijaz; Amtul Bari Tabinda; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Waheed Ullah Khan; Nasim Ahmad Yasin. 2020. "Biogas Synthesis from Leather Industry Solid Waste in Pakistan." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 29, no. 5: 3621-3628.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Processes
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Aquatic pollution caused by industrial effluents is an environmental issue, imposing deleterious impacts on the overall environment, specifically, on humans, by disrupting the balance of the ecosystem. Among all the industries, tanneries are considered some of the most polluting due to heavy use of toxic organic and inorganic compounds during leather processing, most of which find their way into rivers, lakes, and streams, thus exerting adverse effects on aquatic life, particularly on fish. Considering the huge concentrations of pollutants present in tannery effluents, toxicity evaluation is of prime importance. Therefore, bioassays are usually employed to assess the acute toxicity of industrial effluents and efficiency of effluent clean-up technologies as they provide a thorough response of test species to the substances present in the tested media. In the present study, the toxic effects of tannery effluent on common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied for 96 h in laboratory conditions. The effluent was added at different concentrations, before and after treatment by constructed wetlands (CWs). During this period, mortality data was collected to calculate the 96 h-LC50 (lethal concentration inducing 50% mortality) and acute toxicity of C. idella. In addition to this, observations on change in morphological, physiological, and behavioural patterns were also made every 24 h. The present toxicity assay revealed that the raw tannery effluent changed the morphology, physiology, and behavioural response of fish. Moreover, fish exposure to raw/untreated effluent caused high acute toxicity and 100% mortality, due to the presence of high concentrations of salts and chromium (Cr) metal. While treatment of tannery effluent by CWs vegetated with different plants (B. mutica, L. fusca, and T. domingensis) significantly reduced its toxicity and fish mortality as well, and inoculation of salt and Cr-tolerant endophytic bacteria (Enterobacter sp. HU38, Microbacterium arborescens HU33, and Pantoea stewartii ASI11) further reduced (up to 90%) its toxicity level. Hence, the use of CWs for tannery effluent treatment can be recommended to favour public health and promote the overall safety of the environment.

ACS Style

Sobia Ashraf; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Afzal; Sana Ashraf; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Khadeeja Rehman; Zahir Ahmad Zahir; Avelino Núñez-Delgado. Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology. Processes 2020, 8, 612 .

AMA Style

Sobia Ashraf, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Afzal, Sana Ashraf, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Khadeeja Rehman, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Avelino Núñez-Delgado. Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology. Processes. 2020; 8 (5):612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sobia Ashraf; Muhammad Naveed; Muhammad Afzal; Sana Ashraf; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Khadeeja Rehman; Zahir Ahmad Zahir; Avelino Núñez-Delgado. 2020. "Evaluation of Toxicity on Ctenopharyngodon idella Due to Tannery Effluent Remediated by Constructed Wetland Technology." Processes 8, no. 5: 612.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: In subcontinental underground mines, coal mining is carried out manually and requires many laborers to practice traditional means of coal excavation. Each task of this occupation disturbs workers’ musculoskeletal order. In order to propose and practice possible ergonomic interventions, it is necessary to know what tasks (drilling and blasting, coal cutting, dumping, transporting, timbering and supporting, loading and unloading) cause disorder in either upper limbs, lower limbs, or both. Methods: To this end, R-programming, version R 3.1.2 and SPSS, software 20, were used to calculate data obtained by studying 260 workers (working at different tasks of coal mining) from 20 mines of four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, a Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) sheet were used to collect data and to analyze postures respectively. Results: In multi regression models, significance of the five tasks for upper and lower limb disorder is 0.00, which means that task based prevalence of upper and lower limb disorders are common in underground coal mines. The results of the multiple bar chart showed that 96 coal cutters got upper limb disorders and 82 got lower limb disorders. The task of timbering and supporting was shown to be dangerous for the lower limbs and relatively less dangerous for the upper limbs, with 25 workers reporting pain in their lower limbs, and 19 workers reporting pain in their upper limbs. Documented on the RULA sheet, all tasks got the maximum possible score (7), meaning that each of these tasks pose a threat to the posture of 100% of workers. The majority of participants (182) fell in the age group of 26 to 35 years. Of those workers, 131 reported pain in the lower limbs and slight discomfort (128) in the upper limbs. The significance value of age was 0.00 for upper limb disorder and was 0.012 for lower limb disorder. Frequency graphs show age in direct proportion to severity of pain while in inverse proportion with number of repetitions performed per min. Conclusions: All findings infer that each task of underground coal mining inflicts different levels of disorder in a workers’ musculoskeletal structure of the upper and lower limbs. It highlighted the need for urgent intervention in postural aspects of each task.

ACS Style

Madiha Ijaz; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad M. Akram; Steven M. Thygerson; Falaq Ali Nadeem; Waheed Ullah Khan. Cross-Sectional Survey of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers Practicing Traditional Methods of Underground Coal Mining. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2566 .

AMA Style

Madiha Ijaz, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad M. Akram, Steven M. Thygerson, Falaq Ali Nadeem, Waheed Ullah Khan. Cross-Sectional Survey of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers Practicing Traditional Methods of Underground Coal Mining. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2566.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madiha Ijaz; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad M. Akram; Steven M. Thygerson; Falaq Ali Nadeem; Waheed Ullah Khan. 2020. "Cross-Sectional Survey of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers Practicing Traditional Methods of Underground Coal Mining." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2566.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Diesel oil is considered a very hazardous fuel due to its adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem, so its remediation has become the focus of much attention. Taking this into consideration, the current study was conducted to explore the synergistic applications of both plant and bacteria for cleaning up of diesel oil contaminated water. We examined that the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) is an economical and superlative choice for the treatment of diesel oil contaminated water. In this study, a pilot scale floating treatment wetlands system having diesel oil contaminated water (1% w/v), was adopted using Cyperus laevigatus L and a mixture of hydrocarbons degrading bacterial strains; viz., Acinetobacter sp.61KJ620863, Bacillus megaterium 65 KF478214, and Acinetobacter sp.82 KF478231. It was observed that consortium of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria improved the remediation of diesel oil in combination with Cyperus laevigatus L. Moreover, the performance of the FTWs was enhanced by colonization of bacterial strains in the root and shoot of Cyperus laevigatus L. Independently, the bacterial consortium and Cyperus laevigatus L exhibited 37.46% and 56.57% reduction in diesel oil, respectively, while 73.48% reduction in hydrocarbons was exhibited by the joint application of both plant and bacteria in FTWs. Furthermore, microbial inoculation improved the fresh biomass (11.62%), dry biomass (33.33%), and height (18.05%) of plants. Fish toxicity assay evaluated the effectiveness of FTWs by showing the extent of improvement in the water quality to a level that became safe for living organisms. The study therefore concluded that Cyperus laevigatus L augmented with hydrocarbons degrading bacterial consortium exhibited a remarkable ability to decontaminate the diesel oil from water and could enhance the FTWs performance.

ACS Style

Muhammad Fahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Afzal Hussain; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2353 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Fahid, Shafaqat Ali, Ghulam Shabir, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Tahira Yasmeen, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Arslan, Afzal Hussain, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Fahid; Shafaqat Ali; Ghulam Shabir; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Tahira Yasmeen; Muhammad Afzal; Muhammad Arslan; Afzal Hussain; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Cyperus laevigatus L. Enhances Diesel Oil Remediation in Synergism with Bacterial Inoculation in Floating Treatment Wetlands." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2353.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2020 in International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
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Brick industry, in Pakistan, is prominent and provides job to 3.1 million people only in one province. The industry hires different percentage of workers for different stages of brick formation and these stages trigger musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in workers. This study identifies relation between 5 work stages and MSDs in 9 body parts and also finds socioeconomic sufferings inflicted by the industry and removal of research gap at national level. We conducted both qualitative and quantitative research. 105 men and 45 women from 15 brick kilns were selected as subject. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) sheets, Standard Nordic MSDs Questionnaire along with general questionnaire, still photography and video recording were used to carry out the study. About 96% workers involved in mixing & molding complained tiredness at end of day. Similarly, 90% male and 83% female staff performing spreading task suffered tiredness after their duty hours. Workers engaged in different tasks reported varying levels of pain in observed body parts. Digging and carrying jobs caused significant pain in body parts including neck, upper back, shoulders, lower back and hips. Mixing and molding emerged most dangerous activities for most of the body parts and exhibited 7 score on RULA. Furthermore, mixing and molding demonstrated high to very high risk level by showing 9 and 13 higher score on REBA, respectively. The current study divulged that all observed work tasks during manufacturing and transportation of bricks are equally dangerous for pain generation in lower back. Many socioeconomic issues like residency of workers in muddy house (83%) low monthly income (<90.3 $) of 83% workers, higher tendency of alcoholism and smoking in men, lack of health facilities and higher illiteracy rate were also identified. The enhanced musculoskeletal disorders during brick making process render the brick industry unhealthy for work. This dismal picture requires an improvement in quality of life and occupational environment of workers of the industry. Well organized duty timings, modified working posture, job rotation and preliminary training perhaps manage these miseries and the output of the brick industry may increase many fold.

ACS Style

Madiha Ijaz; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Akram; Waheed Ullah Khan; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Falaq Ali Nadeem. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of musculoskeletal disorders and socioeconomic issues of workers of brick industry in Pakistan. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2020, 76, 102933 .

AMA Style

Madiha Ijaz, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Muhammad Akram, Waheed Ullah Khan, Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Falaq Ali Nadeem. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of musculoskeletal disorders and socioeconomic issues of workers of brick industry in Pakistan. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2020; 76 ():102933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Madiha Ijaz; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Muhammad Akram; Waheed Ullah Khan; Nasim Ahmad Yasin; Falaq Ali Nadeem. 2020. "Quantitative and qualitative assessment of musculoskeletal disorders and socioeconomic issues of workers of brick industry in Pakistan." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 76, no. : 102933.

Journal article
Published: 04 September 2019 in Water
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A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a phenomenon that is widely known by researchers because such an event can wreak havoc on the natural environment as well as on manmade infrastructure. Therefore, a GLOF risk assessment is necessary, especially within river basins with hydropower plants, and may lead to a tremendous amount of socioeconomic loss if not done. However, due to the subjective and objective limitations of the available GLOF risk assessment methods, we have proposed a new and easily applied method with a wider application and without the need for adaptation changes in accordance with the subject area, which also allows for the repeated use of this model. In this study, we focused our efforts on the Upper Arun Hydroelectric Project (UAHEP) in the Arun River Basin, and we (1) identified 49 glacial lakes with areas greater than 0.1 km2; (2) geographically represented and analyzed these 49 glacial lakes for the period of 1990–2018; (3) analyzed the correlation between the temperature and precipitation trends and the occurrence of recorded GLOF events in the region; (4) proposed a new method based on the documented affected lengths and volumes derived from historical GLOF events to identify 4 potentially critical lakes; and (5) evaluated the discharge profiles using widely used empirical methods and further discussed the physical properties, triggering factors, and outburst probability of the critical lakes. To achieve these objectives, a series of intensive and integrated desk studies, data collections, and GLOF simulations and analyses were performed.

ACS Style

Rana Muhammad Ali Washakh; Ningsheng Chen; Tao Wang; Sundas Almas; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Mahfuzur Rahman; Chen; Wang; Mahfuzur Rahman. GLOF Risk Assessment Model in the Himalayas: A Case Study of a Hydropower Project in the Upper Arun River. Water 2019, 11, 1839 .

AMA Style

Rana Muhammad Ali Washakh, Ningsheng Chen, Tao Wang, Sundas Almas, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Mahfuzur Rahman, Chen, Wang, Mahfuzur Rahman. GLOF Risk Assessment Model in the Himalayas: A Case Study of a Hydropower Project in the Upper Arun River. Water. 2019; 11 (9):1839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rana Muhammad Ali Washakh; Ningsheng Chen; Tao Wang; Sundas Almas; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Mahfuzur Rahman; Chen; Wang; Mahfuzur Rahman. 2019. "GLOF Risk Assessment Model in the Himalayas: A Case Study of a Hydropower Project in the Upper Arun River." Water 11, no. 9: 1839.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2019 in Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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The present research deals with the synthesis and viability of Sawdust biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposite toward textile waste water treatment. The structure, functionality, and morphology of the nanocomposite were determined by FT-IR, powder XRD, and SEM. Removal of the textile dye Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) was almost 75% under optimum conditions. The value of Langmuir dimensionless separation factor RL indicated a favorable adsorption (01), hence denoting favorable sorption. The negative values for free energy indicated a spontaneous reaction. Positive value for enthalpy suggested the endothermic nature of adsorption. The kinetic data showed a pseudo first-order kinetic model. The calculated value of qt agreed with the experimental value of qt at equilibrium. The results depicted that sawdust biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites are efficient adsorbents for removing RB21 and has potential application in treatment of textile wastewater.

ACS Style

Farah Nadeem; Nadia Jamil; Amna Moazzam; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Ambreen Lateef; Anam Khalid; Abdul Qadir; Azhar Ali; Soniya Munir. Synthesizing and Characterizing Sawdust Biochar/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites and its Potential Application in Textile Wastewater Treatment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2019, 28, 2311 -2319.

AMA Style

Farah Nadeem, Nadia Jamil, Amna Moazzam, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Ambreen Lateef, Anam Khalid, Abdul Qadir, Azhar Ali, Soniya Munir. Synthesizing and Characterizing Sawdust Biochar/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites and its Potential Application in Textile Wastewater Treatment. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2019; 28 (4):2311-2319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farah Nadeem; Nadia Jamil; Amna Moazzam; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Ambreen Lateef; Anam Khalid; Abdul Qadir; Azhar Ali; Soniya Munir. 2019. "Synthesizing and Characterizing Sawdust Biochar/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites and its Potential Application in Textile Wastewater Treatment." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 4: 2311-2319.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2018 in Water
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Sediment load trends play a key role in modelling either river morphology or reservoir sedimentation. In this study, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) series of four representative gauging stations of the Upper Indus Basin (Yugo, Dainyor, Bunji and Besham Qila) were selected and updated from a vast network of hydro-meteorological stations being operated and maintained by Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) of Pakistan from the 1960s up to now. The temporal variations in the series were analysed using the wavelet transform (WT) method. The WT method disclosed the temporal and frequency information for trend estimation analysis by decomposing data on several levels. The results of the combined methods, WT and Mann–Kendall (MK) trend tests, revealed that the annual sediment time series, available since the 1960s for some stations, exhibited a statistically insignificant trend due to statistically significant intra-annual (monthly) shifts. Generally increasing trends in the winter months and decreasing trends in summer months for major sub-catchments of Upper Indus Basin (UIB) were detected. However, the study also proved that the identified intra-annual or monthly shifts in upper sub-catchments were being neutralized as the sediment progressed downstream. This study of variations in sediment trends was required for constructing sediment budgets and sustainable operations of existing and planned future water storage along the tributaries and the main stem of the Upper Indus River.

ACS Style

Zeeshan Riaz Tarar; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Iftikhar Ahmad; Zahra Majid. Detection of Sediment Trends Using Wavelet Transforms in the Upper Indus River. Water 2018, 10, 918 .

AMA Style

Zeeshan Riaz Tarar, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Iftikhar Ahmad, Zahra Majid. Detection of Sediment Trends Using Wavelet Transforms in the Upper Indus River. Water. 2018; 10 (7):918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zeeshan Riaz Tarar; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Iftikhar Ahmad; Zahra Majid. 2018. "Detection of Sediment Trends Using Wavelet Transforms in the Upper Indus River." Water 10, no. 7: 918.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Geographic Information System
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Flood is one of a kind of disasters which harms human and animal life around the globe. Pakistan has been observing massive floods for many years because of daily and seasonal variation in the temperature levels. Wheat, rice, sugarcane and cotton are major crops cultivated in Punjab region of Pakistan in which rice and sugarcane are mostly effected by floods. In this research paper, damage assessment of cultivated land in district Hafizabad along Chenab River has been calculated. Supervised Classification and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) methods are applied. Pre-flood 2014, post-flood 2014, and pre-flood 2015 Landsat 8 images have been used to calculate the extent of damages to cultivated lands. Water, sand, silt, bare soil and vegetation are classified to identify damage. Results show that vegetation cover has plummeted to 50% after the arrival of flood 2014 in the Chenab. Similarly, 6.7047% of sand and 15.7339% of bare soil deposits have surfaced which have not yet been removed from fertile lands in 2015. 18.4376% standing crop damage has been analyzed under this study. 14.0245% silt deposits have been calculated as post-flood effects. 46.4260% land has been cultivated in 2015 which is 15.5024% lower than 2014 cultivated land. Furthermore, field verification survey has given promising results and has a great correlation with satellite based recovery results.

ACS Style

Khurram Chohan; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Zia Ul Islam; Muhammad Adrees. Riverine Flood Damage Assessment of Cultivated Lands along Chenab River Using GIS and Remotely Sensed Data: A Case Study of District Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Geographic Information System 2015, 07, 506 -526.

AMA Style

Khurram Chohan, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Zia Ul Islam, Muhammad Adrees. Riverine Flood Damage Assessment of Cultivated Lands along Chenab River Using GIS and Remotely Sensed Data: A Case Study of District Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Geographic Information System. 2015; 07 (05):506-526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khurram Chohan; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Zia Ul Islam; Muhammad Adrees. 2015. "Riverine Flood Damage Assessment of Cultivated Lands along Chenab River Using GIS and Remotely Sensed Data: A Case Study of District Hafizabad, Punjab, Pakistan." Journal of Geographic Information System 07, no. 05: 506-526.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Journal of Geographic Information System
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World energy consumption increased by 56 percent, from 524 quadrillion Btu in 2010 to 820 quadrillion Btu in 2040. The increased demand in energy consumption is fulfilled by different renewable and non-renewable sources such as petroleum, natural gas, electricity, nuclear etc. Natural gas is one of the most important sources of energy. SNGPL has been managing a 94,263 km long gas pipelines network covering approximately the northern part of Pakistan. In this paper we have presented the use of condition based maintenance (CBM) management techniques with a geographical information system (GIS) for asset management of a gas distribution network of SNGPL. The continuous monitoring and updating of asset data reveal where the assets are located and which needs maintenance or which lies in critical condition. The system helps to save time and reduce visits to the sites and labour reduction.

ACS Style

Zia Ul Islam; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Khurram Chohan; Ather Ashraf. GIS Enabled Condition Based Asset Management of Gas Distribution Network: A Case Study of Shahdara, Lahore Pakistan. Journal of Geographic Information System 2015, 07, 358 -368.

AMA Style

Zia Ul Islam, Sajid Rashid Ahmad, Khurram Chohan, Ather Ashraf. GIS Enabled Condition Based Asset Management of Gas Distribution Network: A Case Study of Shahdara, Lahore Pakistan. Journal of Geographic Information System. 2015; 07 (04):358-368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ul Islam; Sajid Rashid Ahmad; Khurram Chohan; Ather Ashraf. 2015. "GIS Enabled Condition Based Asset Management of Gas Distribution Network: A Case Study of Shahdara, Lahore Pakistan." Journal of Geographic Information System 07, no. 04: 358-368.