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Jeff Sayer has pursued a career in natural resource management in Africa and Asia. He has worked for the International Union for Conservation of Nature and World Wildlife Fund. He was founding Director General of the Center for International Forestry Research with its headquarters in Indonesia. He is at present professor of Conservation and Development at James Cook University in Queensland Australia where he runs a graduate programme in sustainable development. He conducts field work in Indonesia and the Congo Basin. Jeff is a member of the Independent Science and Partnership council of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research.
In recent years, landscape sustainability, the maintenance and improvement of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being in landscapes, has become a core objective of conservation initiatives. Yet efforts to promote sustainability often conflict with other landscape objectives. Globally, integrated landscape approaches have emerged as desirable processes for reconciling these conflicts. Integrated landscape approaches seek to foster improvements in landscape-scale governance to meet sustainability objectives. As scientific and political support for these new landscape approaches continues to advance internationally, there is a need to learn from the processes, constraints, and opportunities. We seek to enrich understandings of landscape approaches and their contributions to governance and sustainability through conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. Focusing on eight case studies at different stages of development in Indonesia, we explore how practitioners influence landscape sustainability through integrated approaches. We used questionnaires and literature to collect information on objectives, attributes and challenges of landscapes approaches. We find landscape approaches in Indonesia closely reflect guidance principles. Emerging lessons from landscapes include adapting strategies to local priorities for inclusive problem-framing and engaging in nested learning systems. Aligning landscape actions with policy for coherent governance across scales remains a key challenge. Creating and maintaining governance that supports landscape sustainability is a core principle of landscape approaches. Establishing institutional arrangements for landscape sustainability will require working across legislative and political boundaries for coordinated action. We highlight the need to document and measure impact, and the potential for future learning from landscape sustainability science.
Rebecca Anne Riggs; Ramadhani Achdiawan; Ani Adiwinata; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Agustinus Kastanya; James Douglas Langston; Hari Priyadi; Manuel Ruiz-Pérez; Jeffrey Sayer; Albertus Tjiu. Governing the landscape: potential and challenges of integrated approaches to landscape sustainability in Indonesia. Landscape Ecology 2021, 36, 2409 -2426.
AMA StyleRebecca Anne Riggs, Ramadhani Achdiawan, Ani Adiwinata, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Agustinus Kastanya, James Douglas Langston, Hari Priyadi, Manuel Ruiz-Pérez, Jeffrey Sayer, Albertus Tjiu. Governing the landscape: potential and challenges of integrated approaches to landscape sustainability in Indonesia. Landscape Ecology. 2021; 36 (8):2409-2426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Anne Riggs; Ramadhani Achdiawan; Ani Adiwinata; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Agustinus Kastanya; James Douglas Langston; Hari Priyadi; Manuel Ruiz-Pérez; Jeffrey Sayer; Albertus Tjiu. 2021. "Governing the landscape: potential and challenges of integrated approaches to landscape sustainability in Indonesia." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8: 2409-2426.
We present a new framework that allows understanding those we deem irrational in the climate debate. Realizing if the issue is one of information, beliefs, values or means opens the door for more constructive dialogue. Decision-makers diverge in their responses to the urgent need for action on climate and biodiversity. Action gaps are fueled by the apparent inability of decision-makers to respond efficiently to the mounting threats described by scientists—and increasingly recognized by society. Surprisingly, with the growing evidence and the accumulation of firsthand experiences of the impacts of environment crises, the gap is not only a problem of conflicting values or beliefs but also a problem of inefficient strategies. Bridging the gap and tackling the growing polarization within society calls for decision-makers to engage with the full complexity of the issues the world is facing. We propose a framework characterizing five archetypes of decision-makers to help us out of the current impasse by better understanding the behavior of others. Dealing with the complexity of environmental threats requires decision-makers to question their understanding of who wins and who loses, and how others make decisions. This requires that decision-makers acknowledge complexity, embrace uncertainty, and avoid falling back on simplistic cognitive models. Understanding the complexity of the issue and how people make decisions is key to having a fighting chance of solving the climate crisis.
Patrick Waeber; Natasha Stoudmann; James Langston; Jaboury Ghazoul; Lucienne Wilmé; Jeffrey Sayer; Carlos Nobre; John Innes; Philip Fernbach; Steven Sloman; Claude Garcia. Choices We Make in Times of Crisis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3578 .
AMA StylePatrick Waeber, Natasha Stoudmann, James Langston, Jaboury Ghazoul, Lucienne Wilmé, Jeffrey Sayer, Carlos Nobre, John Innes, Philip Fernbach, Steven Sloman, Claude Garcia. Choices We Make in Times of Crisis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3578.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrick Waeber; Natasha Stoudmann; James Langston; Jaboury Ghazoul; Lucienne Wilmé; Jeffrey Sayer; Carlos Nobre; John Innes; Philip Fernbach; Steven Sloman; Claude Garcia. 2021. "Choices We Make in Times of Crisis." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3578.
Conflicting policies relating to the management of multi-sectoral, multi-level and multi-actor forest uses often result in ineffective policy implementation. Methods for assessing policy coherence, however, are limited and often require an extensive evidence base which is not always available. In Indonesia, this has often led to conflicts between government agencies and other forest stakeholders. Businesses, NGOs and local communities struggle to comply with all of the conflicting or overlapping regulations that relate to the use of forested landscapes. Even if they succeed, the cost of implementation can be excessive. Improved methods for assessing policy coherence could assist governments and other stakeholders to navigate policy complexity and to avoid the potentially high costs of policies that are antagonistic to one another. We propose an audit of policy coherence at the landscape scale as a way of addressing this problem. We test this idea with an experimental policy audit on the Kampar Peninsula, a peat landscape in Pelalawan district, Riau Province, Indonesia. Indonesia has participated in the UN global peat initiative since 2015 and has created a peat protection policy to control the exploitation of peat with regulation No 57/2016. This regulation and the various instruments devolved from it has been a source of confusion and conflict among stakeholders. We applied commonly accepted performance auditing standards to assess the coherence, effectiveness and efficiency of regulations from other sectors and in different jurisdictions with the new peat regulation No 57/2016 and its derivatives. To aid our audit assessment, we overlaid radar and Landsat images to depict delineations of peat protection and cultivation zones according to different legislation. Our audit revealed incoherent mapping of peat protection zones on the Kampar Peninsula, which has led to ineffective and inefficient implementation of policies. We then propose three alternative protection and cultivation scenarios to that proposed by the government. Our results show that any of these alternative scenarios would provide a policy that is not only more coherent, but that also would result in more effective and efficient policy implementation. This policy audit method should have wide potential application for auditing best practice and policy effectiveness in complex landscapes across the globe and should have immediate application in helping to resolve the current issues on the Kampar Peninsular.
Dwi Amalia Sari; Chris Margules; Han She Lim; Febrio Widyatmaka; Jeffrey Sayer; Allan Dale; Colin Macgregor. Evaluating policy coherence: A case study of peatland forests on the Kampar Peninsula landscape, Indonesia. Land Use Policy 2021, 105, 105396 .
AMA StyleDwi Amalia Sari, Chris Margules, Han She Lim, Febrio Widyatmaka, Jeffrey Sayer, Allan Dale, Colin Macgregor. Evaluating policy coherence: A case study of peatland forests on the Kampar Peninsula landscape, Indonesia. Land Use Policy. 2021; 105 ():105396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDwi Amalia Sari; Chris Margules; Han She Lim; Febrio Widyatmaka; Jeffrey Sayer; Allan Dale; Colin Macgregor. 2021. "Evaluating policy coherence: A case study of peatland forests on the Kampar Peninsula landscape, Indonesia." Land Use Policy 105, no. : 105396.
Two-thirds of rural Ghanaians are farmers, and farming is almost the only income source for Ghana’s forest-fringe communities. Some farmers adopt some agricultural practices to augment their operations while others do not. We examined the factors that influence farmers’ adoption and intensity of adoption of agricultural practices, namely, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, improved seeds, animal manure, and crop rotation. We surveyed the agricultural systems and livelihoods of 291 smallholder households in forest-fringe communities and developed a multivariate model (canonical correlation analysis) to test the degree to which social, economic, and institutional factors correlate with adoption and intensity of adoption of the above practices. We found that 35.4% of the farmers do not adopt any of the practices because they perceive them to be expensive, not useful, and difficult to adopt. The rest (64.6%) adopt at least one of the practices to control weeds, pests and diseases, and consequently increase crop yields. Our results indicate that farmers that perceive the aforementioned practices to be more beneficial, cultivate multiple plots, and have access to extension services adopt more of the practices. Farmer age and distance to source of inputs negatively correlate with adoption and intensity of adoption of agricultural practices. Almost two-thirds each of adopters and non-adopters do not have access to agricultural extension services and this could pose threats to the sustainability of the forest reserves within and around which the farmers cultivate. Educating farmers on agricultural practices that are forest-friendly is critical in the forest-fringe communities of Ghana. The correct application of practices could double outputs and minimize threats to forests and biodiversity through land-sparing.
Emmanuel Acheampong; Jeffrey Sayer; Colin Macgregor; Sean Sloan. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities. Land 2021, 10, 266 .
AMA StyleEmmanuel Acheampong, Jeffrey Sayer, Colin Macgregor, Sean Sloan. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities. Land. 2021; 10 (3):266.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmmanuel Acheampong; Jeffrey Sayer; Colin Macgregor; Sean Sloan. 2021. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Agricultural Practices in Ghana’s Forest-Fringe Communities." Land 10, no. 3: 266.
Fifty years have elapsed since the first publication of Ambio. Throughout this period, fundamental changes have occurred in societal attitudes to biodiversity conservation. Ambio has published numerous papers that have aligned with these new approaches. High citations numbers suggest that Ambio papers have had a significant impact on conservation strategies. We review these publications and find that they align well with changed societal perspectives on biodiversity. Ambio papers have called for greater contributions of local and indigenous peoples and for conservation in multi-functional landscapes. The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity built on these principles. Negotiations are now underway for a post-2020 framework for biodiversity. Ambio papers have argued for a stronger scientific basis for conservation and for the need to adapt to changing conditions and to the rich diversity of societal preferences for conservation. International processes favor simple, generalizable approaches to conservation but we call for recognition of the diversity of ecological and human conditions in which conservation occurs. There is a need to build capacity to support a diversity of conservation approaches that are adapted to changing local conditions and to the priorities of diverse human societies.
Jeffrey Sayer; Christopher Margules; Jeffrey A. McNeely. People and biodiversity in the 21st century. Ambio 2021, 1 -6.
AMA StyleJeffrey Sayer, Christopher Margules, Jeffrey A. McNeely. People and biodiversity in the 21st century. Ambio. 2021; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey Sayer; Christopher Margules; Jeffrey A. McNeely. 2021. "People and biodiversity in the 21st century." Ambio , no. : 1-6.
Indonesia’s annual area of forest degradation is equal to deforestation. Numerous forest restoration initiatives exist but with varying levels of success. Government control provides a disincentive to restoration initiatives. Partnerships across multiple scales can enhance FLR learning opportunities.
Jeffrey Sayer; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; James Douglas Langston; Chris Margules; Rebecca Anne Riggs; Dwi Amalia Sari. Governance challenges to landscape restoration in Indonesia. Land Use Policy 2020, 104, 104857 .
AMA StyleJeffrey Sayer, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, James Douglas Langston, Chris Margules, Rebecca Anne Riggs, Dwi Amalia Sari. Governance challenges to landscape restoration in Indonesia. Land Use Policy. 2020; 104 ():104857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey Sayer; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; James Douglas Langston; Chris Margules; Rebecca Anne Riggs; Dwi Amalia Sari. 2020. "Governance challenges to landscape restoration in Indonesia." Land Use Policy 104, no. : 104857.
Research Highlights: Landscape approach principles were developed to address competing claims on resources at local scales. We used the principles to address agricultural expansion in Ghana’s forest reserves. Background and Objectives: Agricultural expansion is a major cause of Ghana’s forest-cover loss. Cultivation has totally deforested some forest reserves. The situation in Ghana illustrates the trade-off between attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 1—reduction of poverty, and 2—achieving food security, are in conflict with SDG 15—protecting and restoring forests. We examined how farmers in forest fringe communities could be engaged in restoring degraded forests using the landscape approach and whether their livelihoods were improved through the use of this approach. Materials and Methods: The Ongwam II Forest Reserve in the Ashanti region of Ghana is encroached by farmers from two communities adjacent to the reserve. We employed the 10 principles of the landscape approach to engage farmers in restoring the degraded reserve. The flexibility of the landscape approach provided a framework against which to assess farmer behaviour. We encouraged farmers to plant trees on 10 ha of the degraded reserve and to benefit through the cultivation of food crops amongst the trees. Results: Access to fertile forest soils for cultivation was the main motivation for the farmers to participate in the reforestation project. The farmers’ access to natural and financial capital increased and they became food secure in the first year of the project’s operation. Conclusions: Effective implementation of several small-scale reforestation projects using the landscape approach could together lead to a forest transition, more trees in agricultural systems and better protection of residual natural forests while improving farmers’ livelihoods, all combining to achieve the SDGs.
Emmanuel O. Acheampong; Jeffrey Sayer; Colin MacGregor; Sean Sloan. Application of Landscape Approach Principles Motivates Forest Fringe Farmers to Reforest Ghana’s Degraded Reserves. Forests 2020, 11, 411 .
AMA StyleEmmanuel O. Acheampong, Jeffrey Sayer, Colin MacGregor, Sean Sloan. Application of Landscape Approach Principles Motivates Forest Fringe Farmers to Reforest Ghana’s Degraded Reserves. Forests. 2020; 11 (4):411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmmanuel O. Acheampong; Jeffrey Sayer; Colin MacGregor; Sean Sloan. 2020. "Application of Landscape Approach Principles Motivates Forest Fringe Farmers to Reforest Ghana’s Degraded Reserves." Forests 11, no. 4: 411.
Leaders are failing to respond to the climate and environmental urgency the world is facing. A growing action gap, clearly visible during the recent CoP25, has been fueled by leaders' inability to respond efficiently to the mounting threats scientists—and increasingly society—are concerned about. Bridging this gap and tackling the growing polarization within society calls for leaders to accept the full complexity of the issues the world is facing. This will require them to question their understanding of these geopolitical affairs and embrace the dynamics at play, and avoid falling back on simplistic cognitive models. We propose a heuristic to convey the pathways available to decision-makers to make their way out of the current inaction impasse. By breaking free of this deadlock, a social transition will have the potential to take place, helping us to avoid crossing the climate system tipping points.
Patrick Waeber; Natasha Stoudmann; Jaboury Ghazoul; Lucienne Wilmé; Jeffrey Sayer; Carlos Nobre; John Innes; Claude Garcia. Choices We Make: Rethinking Decision-making in the Context of Climate Crisis. 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePatrick Waeber, Natasha Stoudmann, Jaboury Ghazoul, Lucienne Wilmé, Jeffrey Sayer, Carlos Nobre, John Innes, Claude Garcia. Choices We Make: Rethinking Decision-making in the Context of Climate Crisis. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatrick Waeber; Natasha Stoudmann; Jaboury Ghazoul; Lucienne Wilmé; Jeffrey Sayer; Carlos Nobre; John Innes; Claude Garcia. 2020. "Choices We Make: Rethinking Decision-making in the Context of Climate Crisis." , no. : 1.
Academic inquiry into forest transitions has produced a rich body of literature examining the shift from net deforestation to net reforestation at multiple land use scales. However, researchers, practitioners, and policy analysts question the utility of current forest transition theory. Does it accurately describe and provide insight into strategies to influence patterns of forest change in countries where forest cover continues to decline? Forest transition theory has provided important insights into the ‘necessary but not sufficient’ conditions for countries shifting from net deforestation to net reforestation. To advance forest transition theory, scholars should recognize forests as complex and dynamic social-ecological systems and use analytical methods that accommodate that complexity. Transdisciplinary research that incorporates a broader range of qualitative and quantitative methods and tools is required. We analyzed the historical, social, and political factors influencing forest transition pathways in Cambodia. Cambodia exhibits similar economic pre-conditions to its neighbors, which have passed through a forest transition, yet deforestation rates remain high with no indication of slowing. We found that complex governance arrangements at multiple scales negatively influences Cambodia's forest cover and development trajectory. Attempts to nurture Cambodia's forest transition will require strengthening governance and institutions across all of the natural resource sectors. Further research that incorporates governance into forest transition frameworks is required to improve policy responses for post-transition forest outcomes.
Rebecca Anne Riggs; James Douglas Langston; Jeffrey Sayer. Incorporating governance into forest transition frameworks to understand and influence Cambodia's forest landscapes. Forest Policy and Economics 2018, 96, 19 -27.
AMA StyleRebecca Anne Riggs, James Douglas Langston, Jeffrey Sayer. Incorporating governance into forest transition frameworks to understand and influence Cambodia's forest landscapes. Forest Policy and Economics. 2018; 96 ():19-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Anne Riggs; James Douglas Langston; Jeffrey Sayer. 2018. "Incorporating governance into forest transition frameworks to understand and influence Cambodia's forest landscapes." Forest Policy and Economics 96, no. : 19-27.
The food-biodiversity nexus is a concept that defines and characterizes the complex interactions between agricultural systems and biodiversity conservation. Here we use a social-ecological systems approach that combines fuzzy cognitive mapping and graph theoretic analyses to uncover system properties that determine food security and biodiversity outcomes at a landscape scale. We studied a rice-based agricultural landscape system situated in Mbeliling district of West Flores, Indonesia. A graphical representation of the Mbeliling district food-biodiversity nexus was created by local experts. The representation revealed system properties that help reconcile the trade-offs between food security and biodiversity conservation. The graph represented a diverse set of food security and biodiversity nodes, and showed that there is not a simple dichotomy between ‘production and protection’. The analysis captured greater complexity than popular academic concepts such as land sparing–land sharing or sustainable intensification. Three major themes emerged from the graph. We found distinct clusters of factors influencing biodiversity and food security. We named these sources of influence (1) Modernisation and sustainable farming; (2) Knowledge and management; and (3) Governance and processes. Component 2 was the most representative of emergent system properties that contribute positively to managing a sustainable food-biodiversity nexus in the Mbeliling landscape. The key determinants of outcomes were: improving agronomic practices, diversifying production, maintaining forest cover and connectivity, and using knowledge and natural resource management processes to mitigate the main drivers of change. Our approach highlights the complexities in the food-biodiversity nexus, and could have wide application in other locations.
Neil French Collier; Jeffrey Sayer; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Jan Hanspach; Dave Abson; Joern Fischer. System Properties Determine Food Security and Biodiversity Outcomes at Landscape Scale: A Case Study from West Flores, Indonesia. Land 2018, 7, 39 .
AMA StyleNeil French Collier, Jeffrey Sayer, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Jan Hanspach, Dave Abson, Joern Fischer. System Properties Determine Food Security and Biodiversity Outcomes at Landscape Scale: A Case Study from West Flores, Indonesia. Land. 2018; 7 (1):39.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNeil French Collier; Jeffrey Sayer; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Jan Hanspach; Dave Abson; Joern Fischer. 2018. "System Properties Determine Food Security and Biodiversity Outcomes at Landscape Scale: A Case Study from West Flores, Indonesia." Land 7, no. 1: 39.
Integrated approaches to natural resource management are often undermined by fundamental governance weaknesses. We studied governance of a forest landscape in East Lombok, Indonesia. Forest Management Units (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan or KPH) are an institutional mechanism used in Indonesia for coordinating the management of competing sectors in forest landscapes, balancing the interests of government, business, and civil society. Previous reviews of KPHs indicate they are not delivering their potential benefits due to an uncertain legal mandate and inadequate resources. We utilized participatory methods with a broad range of stakeholders in East Lombok to examine how KPHs might improve institutional arrangements to better meet forest landscape goals. We find that KPHs are primarily limited by insufficient integration with other actors in the landscape. Thus, strengthened engagement with other institutions, as well as civil society, is required. Although new governance arrangements that allow for institutional collaboration and community engagement are needed in the long term, there are steps that the East Lombok KPH can take now. Coordinating institutional commitments and engaging civil society to reconcile power asymmetries and build consensus can help promote sustainable outcomes. Our study concludes that improved multi-level, polycentric governance arrangements between government, NGOs, the private sector, and civil society are required to achieve sustainable landscapes in Lombok. The lessons from Lombok can inform forest landscape governance improvements throughout Indonesia and the tropics.
Rebecca Riggs; James Langston; Chris Margules; Agni Boedhihartono; Han Lim; Dwi Sari; Yazid Sururi; Jeffrey Sayer. Governance Challenges in an Eastern Indonesian Forest Landscape. Sustainability 2018, 10, 169 .
AMA StyleRebecca Riggs, James Langston, Chris Margules, Agni Boedhihartono, Han Lim, Dwi Sari, Yazid Sururi, Jeffrey Sayer. Governance Challenges in an Eastern Indonesian Forest Landscape. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (1):169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebecca Riggs; James Langston; Chris Margules; Agni Boedhihartono; Han Lim; Dwi Sari; Yazid Sururi; Jeffrey Sayer. 2018. "Governance Challenges in an Eastern Indonesian Forest Landscape." Sustainability 10, no. 1: 169.
There is a growing disconnect between the international conferences where grand solutions for tropical conservation are designed and the complex local realities in tropical landscapes where plans need to be implemented. Every tropical landscape is different and no “one size will fit all.” There is a tendency for global processes to prescribe simple generalized solutions that provide good sound bites that can be communicated with political actors and the media. Sustainable outcomes in tropical landscapes require locally adapted, unique approaches supported by long-term processes of learning and adaptation. Tropical biologists and conservationists can play a key role by establishing effective local–global links and by directly engaging in local policy discourses while remaining connected to evolving political imperatives.
Agni K. Boedhihartono; Frans Bongers; Rene G. A. Boot; Jerry Van Dijk; Helen Jeans; Marijke Van Kuijk; Harko Koster; James Reed; Jeffrey Sayer; Terry Sunderland; Esther Turnhout; Josh Van Vianen; Pieter A. Zuidema. Conservation Science and Practice Must Engage With the Realities of Complex Tropical Landscapes. Tropical Conservation Science 2018, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleAgni K. Boedhihartono, Frans Bongers, Rene G. A. Boot, Jerry Van Dijk, Helen Jeans, Marijke Van Kuijk, Harko Koster, James Reed, Jeffrey Sayer, Terry Sunderland, Esther Turnhout, Josh Van Vianen, Pieter A. Zuidema. Conservation Science and Practice Must Engage With the Realities of Complex Tropical Landscapes. Tropical Conservation Science. 2018; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgni K. Boedhihartono; Frans Bongers; Rene G. A. Boot; Jerry Van Dijk; Helen Jeans; Marijke Van Kuijk; Harko Koster; James Reed; Jeffrey Sayer; Terry Sunderland; Esther Turnhout; Josh Van Vianen; Pieter A. Zuidema. 2018. "Conservation Science and Practice Must Engage With the Realities of Complex Tropical Landscapes." Tropical Conservation Science 11, no. : 1.
Decentralizing natural resource management to local people, especially in tropical countries, has become a trend. We review recent evidence for the impacts of decentralization on the biodiversity values of forests and forested landscapes, which encompass most of the biodiversity of the tropics. Few studies document the impact of decentralized management on biodiversity. We conclude that there may be situations where local management is a good option for biodiversity but there are also situations where this is not the case. We advocate increased research to document the impact of local management on biodiversity. We also argue that locally managed forests should be seen as components of landscapes where governance arrangements favor the achievement of a balance between the local livelihood values and the global public goods values of forests.
Jeffrey Sayer; Chris Margules. Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands. Land 2017, 6, 41 .
AMA StyleJeffrey Sayer, Chris Margules. Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands. Land. 2017; 6 (2):41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey Sayer; Chris Margules. 2017. "Biodiversity in Locally Managed Lands." Land 6, no. 2: 41.
Recent decades have seen a rapid movement towards decentralising forest rights and tenure to local communities and indigenous groups in both developing and developed nations. Attribution of local and community rights to forests appears to be gathering increasing momentum in many tropical developing countries. Greater local control of forest resources is a response to the failure of government agencies to exercise adequate stewardship over forests and to ensure that the values of all stakeholders are adequately protected. We reviewed evidence of the impact of decentralised forest management on the biodiversity values of forests and conclude that special measures are needed to protect these values. There are trade-offs between shorter-term local needs for forest lands and products and longer-term global needs for biodiversity and other environmental values. We present evidence of local forest management leading to declining forest integrity with negative impacts on both local forest users and the global environment. We advocate greater attention to measures to ensure protection of biodiversity in locally-managed forests.
Jeffrey Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono. Will Biodiversity Be Conserved in Locally-Managed Forests? Land 2017, 6, 6 .
AMA StyleJeffrey Sayer, Chris Margules, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono. Will Biodiversity Be Conserved in Locally-Managed Forests? Land. 2017; 6 (1):6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono. 2017. "Will Biodiversity Be Conserved in Locally-Managed Forests?" Land 6, no. 1: 6.
Campbell, B. M., D. J. Beare, E. M. Bennett, J. M. Hall-Spencer, J. S. I. Ingram, F. Jaramillo, R. Ortiz, N. Ramankutty, J. A. Sayer, and D. Shindell. 2017. Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries. Ecology and Society 22(4):8. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09595-220408
Bruce M. Campbell; Douglas J. Beare; Elena M. Bennett; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; John S. I. Ingram; Fernando Jaramillo; Rodomiro Ortiz; Navin Ramankutty; Jeffrey A. Sayer; Drew Shindell. Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries. Ecology and Society 2017, 22, 1 .
AMA StyleBruce M. Campbell, Douglas J. Beare, Elena M. Bennett, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, John S. I. Ingram, Fernando Jaramillo, Rodomiro Ortiz, Navin Ramankutty, Jeffrey A. Sayer, Drew Shindell. Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries. Ecology and Society. 2017; 22 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBruce M. Campbell; Douglas J. Beare; Elena M. Bennett; Jason M. Hall-Spencer; John S. I. Ingram; Fernando Jaramillo; Rodomiro Ortiz; Navin Ramankutty; Jeffrey A. Sayer; Drew Shindell. 2017. "Agriculture production as a major driver of the Earth system exceeding planetary boundaries." Ecology and Society 22, no. 4: 1.
Landscape approaches attempt to achieve balance amongst multiple goals over long time periods and to adapt to changing conditions. We review project reports and the literature on integrated landscape approaches, and found a lack of documented studies of their long-term effectiveness. The combination of multiple and potentially changing goals presents problems for the conventional measures of impact. We propose more critical use of theories of change and measures of process and progress to complement the conventional impact assessments. Theories of change make the links between project deliverables, outputs, outcomes, and impacts explicit, and allow a full exploration of the landscape context. Landscape approaches are long-term engagements, but short-term process metrics are needed to confirm that progress is being made in negotiation of goals, meaningful stakeholder engagement, existence of connections to policy processes, and effectiveness of governance. Long-term impact metrics are needed to assess progress on achieving landscapes that deliver multiple societal benefits, including conservation, production, and livelihood benefits. Generic criteria for process are proposed, but impact metrics will be highly situation specific and must be derived from an effective process and a credible theory of change.
Jeffrey A. Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Terry Sunderland; James Langston; James Reed; Rebecca Riggs; Louise E. Buck; Bruce M. Campbell; Koen Kusters; Chris Elliott; Peter A. Minang; Allan Dale; Herry Purnomo; James R. Stevenson; Petrus Gunarso; Agus Purnomo. Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development. Sustainability Science 2016, 12, 465 -476.
AMA StyleJeffrey A. Sayer, Chris Margules, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Terry Sunderland, James Langston, James Reed, Rebecca Riggs, Louise E. Buck, Bruce M. Campbell, Koen Kusters, Chris Elliott, Peter A. Minang, Allan Dale, Herry Purnomo, James R. Stevenson, Petrus Gunarso, Agus Purnomo. Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development. Sustainability Science. 2016; 12 (3):465-476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey A. Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Terry Sunderland; James Langston; James Reed; Rebecca Riggs; Louise E. Buck; Bruce M. Campbell; Koen Kusters; Chris Elliott; Peter A. Minang; Allan Dale; Herry Purnomo; James R. Stevenson; Petrus Gunarso; Agus Purnomo. 2016. "Measuring the effectiveness of landscape approaches to conservation and development." Sustainability Science 12, no. 3: 465-476.
Participatory methods are a common approach for giving voice to local communities in hazard and disaster research. Drawing on a study that trialled and modified a range of participatory methods in North Sulawesi, eastern Indonesia, this paper reflects on how such methods help document the capacities of small island communities. We assessed capacity from a sustainable livelihoods perspective, identifying the assets that enable villagers to cope with hazards. This overall approach promoted a discourse of strengths and resourcefulness, contrasting with vulnerability and needs-assessment approaches common to government and non-governmental organizations, which tend to focus on weaknesses and can sometimes fuel undeliverable expectations of funding. We provide a critical reflection on participatory methods and their significance for researchers, policy makers and funding agencies working with communities in hazard-prone regions.
Mercy M.F. Rampengan; Lisa Law; J.C. Gaillard; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Jeffrey Sayer. Engaging communities in managing multiple hazards: Reflections from small islands in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 2016, 37, 249 -267.
AMA StyleMercy M.F. Rampengan, Lisa Law, J.C. Gaillard, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Jeffrey Sayer. Engaging communities in managing multiple hazards: Reflections from small islands in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 2016; 37 (2):249-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercy M.F. Rampengan; Lisa Law; J.C. Gaillard; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Jeffrey Sayer. 2016. "Engaging communities in managing multiple hazards: Reflections from small islands in North Sulawesi, Indonesia." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 37, no. 2: 249-267.
Initiatives to manage landscapes for both biodiversity protection and sustainable development commonly employ participatory methods to exploit the knowledge of citizens. We review five examples of citizen groups engaging with landscape scale conservation initiatives to contribute their knowledge, collect data for monitoring programs, study systems to detect patterns, and test hypotheses on aspects of landscape dynamics. Three are from landscape interventions that deliberately target biodiversity conservation and aim to have sustainable development as a collateral outcome. The other two are driven primarily by concerns for agricultural sustainability with biodiversity conservation as a collateral outcome. All five include programs in which, management agencies support data collection by citizen groups to monitor landscape changes. Situations where citizen groups self-organise to collect data and interpret data to aid in landscape scale decision making are less common and are restricted to landscapes where the inhabitants have a high level of scientific literacy. Given the complexity of landscape processes and the multiple decision makers who influence landscape outcomes we argue that citizen science broadly defined should be an essential element of landscape scale initiatives. Conservation managers should create space for citizen engagement in science and should empower citizen groups to experiment, learn, and adapt their decision-making to improve landscape scale outcomes.
Jeffrey Sayer; Chris Margules; Iris Bohnet; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Ray Pierce; Allan Dale; Kate Andrews. The Role of Citizen Science in Landscape and Seascape Approaches to Integrating Conservation and Development. Land 2015, 4, 1200 -1212.
AMA StyleJeffrey Sayer, Chris Margules, Iris Bohnet, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Ray Pierce, Allan Dale, Kate Andrews. The Role of Citizen Science in Landscape and Seascape Approaches to Integrating Conservation and Development. Land. 2015; 4 (4):1200-1212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffrey Sayer; Chris Margules; Iris Bohnet; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Ray Pierce; Allan Dale; Kate Andrews. 2015. "The Role of Citizen Science in Landscape and Seascape Approaches to Integrating Conservation and Development." Land 4, no. 4: 1200-1212.
This paper draws on the literature on agroforestry, disaster risk reduction, and livelihoods of people on small islands as it applies to a community prospering in conditions of adversity in Kinali village on Siau Island, Indonesia. Siau Island produces between one-third and one-half of all nutmeg and mace exported from Indonesia. The Kinali community has adopted strategies that enable it to prosper in spite of the risks of living on a small island with an active volcano. The paper charts the sociocultural dynamics of the village and examines how local coping mechanisms based on an agroforestry economy have assisted villagers in dealing with the multiple hazards and constraints arising from the biophysical characteristics of their island. The paper thus contributes to more informed responses to managing volcanic risk.
Mercy Maggy Franky Rampengan; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Chris Margules; Jeffrey Sayer; Lisa Law; Jean-Christophe Gaillard; Ong Thi Ngan Tien; Tran Thi My Linh. Agroforestry on an Active Volcanic Small Island in Indonesia: Prospering with Adversity. Geographical Research 2015, 54, 19 -34.
AMA StyleMercy Maggy Franky Rampengan, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Chris Margules, Jeffrey Sayer, Lisa Law, Jean-Christophe Gaillard, Ong Thi Ngan Tien, Tran Thi My Linh. Agroforestry on an Active Volcanic Small Island in Indonesia: Prospering with Adversity. Geographical Research. 2015; 54 (1):19-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMercy Maggy Franky Rampengan; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Chris Margules; Jeffrey Sayer; Lisa Law; Jean-Christophe Gaillard; Ong Thi Ngan Tien; Tran Thi My Linh. 2015. "Agroforestry on an Active Volcanic Small Island in Indonesia: Prospering with Adversity." Geographical Research 54, no. 1: 19-34.
We assess the opportunities and threats posed by small and large-scale mining in Eastern Indonesia. Here, both activities coexist in one landscape: in the Bitung and North Minahasa Districts of North Sulawesi. Each is associated with different development pathways. Both scales of mining have been controversial and are criticized for their environmental and socio-economic impacts. Small-scale mining contributes more to the local economy encouraging local entrepreneurship but yields a lower total financial return. Large-scale mining provides better job security and safer working conditions for employees, but any benefits of capital transformation do not accrue locally. Policy should focus on the formalization of small-scale mining and pay closer attention to the impact of large-scale mining on local communities. The governance of both scales of mining would benefit from a 'landscapes approach' to negotiating conservation and development trade-offs
James Langston; Muhammad Lubis; Jeffrey A. Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Paul H.G.M. Dirks. Comparative development benefits from small and large scale mines in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Extractive Industries and Society 2015, 2, 434 -444.
AMA StyleJames Langston, Muhammad Lubis, Jeffrey A. Sayer, Chris Margules, Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono, Paul H.G.M. Dirks. Comparative development benefits from small and large scale mines in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Extractive Industries and Society. 2015; 2 (3):434-444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJames Langston; Muhammad Lubis; Jeffrey A. Sayer; Chris Margules; Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono; Paul H.G.M. Dirks. 2015. "Comparative development benefits from small and large scale mines in North Sulawesi, Indonesia." The Extractive Industries and Society 2, no. 3: 434-444.