This research was aimed to investigate the effect of Co and Co-Mo metal loaded on Sarulla Natural Zeolite which has been activated and calcined (SNZ-Cal) as supports for better understanding of characterization and catalytic activity on hydrocracking of MEFA rubber seed oil. The Co and Co-Mo metal was added through a wet impregnation method using Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and (NH₄)·6Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O precursor salts. The catalyst was oxidized at 500 °C for 2 h within oxygen gas flow, followed by a reduction process with H₂ gas flow with similar condition to obtain the catalysts. Based on the result, it was found that the resulted catalysts displayed an increase in crystal grain size compared to the metal-free catalyst. Particularly, catalyst that was impregnated with Co metal has a larger surface area and pore diameter and smaller pore volume than Co-Mo metal impregnated to the catalyst. In fact, it was revealed that this catalyst possessed the highest catalytic activity and selectivity. Furthermore, the resulting gas products reached 64 wt.% and the distribution of biogasoline fraction of hydrocarbons (C6-C12) amounted to 83.19 wt.%.

The identification of morphology and structure of Natural Zeolite from Sarulla, Tapanuli Utara, Indonesia had been conducted. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the natural zeolite had a difractogram peak of 20-30° θ. Moreover, the XRD pattern showed that the dominant phases of the zeolite were containing mordenite and clinoptilolite crystal. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that TO₄ ([SiO₄]⁻⁴and [AlO₄]⁻⁵ groups appeared in the wavenumber of 1040.61 cm⁻¹ and shifted to 1053.15 cm⁻¹ after the acid activation and calcination process. In addition, the characterization through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method indicated that there was no significant difference in morphological surface among the samples. Then, the gas absorption analysis through Brunauer-Emmett and Teller (BET) method indicated that there was an increasing trend of surface area, pore volume and pore diameter from Sarulla Natural Zeolite (SNZ) to Sarulla Natural Zeolite–Acid Activated (SNZ-AA) and Sarulla Natural Zeolite–Calcinated (SNZ-Cal) and indicated as mesoporous materials.

This study uses natural kaolin from Sabang Island, Aceh Province, Indonesia as membrane support. Sabang Kaolin has a different composition when compared to technical kaolin. The location of the kaolin deposit at the foot of the volcano caused the composition of SiO₂ on the kaolin to reach 83%, while Al₂O₃ simply reached 3%. The use of Sabang kaolin as a support membrane has very good potential given the availability of this material, which is quite abundant in the province of Aceh. In addition to using kaolin, in this study membranes were synthesized by adding Al₂(SO₄)₃ and three types of pore agents, namely carbon active from palm oil shells, moringa seed flour and calcium carbonate. The comparison between kaolin and pore agent is 3:1 using Poly Vinyl Alcohol 5% as a binder. The membrane mold made in a circular shape with a diameter of 3 cm and a thickness of 0.3 cm. The sintering process is carried out at 1100°C for 2 hours. Characterization of kaolin powder was carried out using XRF and XRD while membrane characterization using FTIR, SEM and EDX. Membrane performance tests are carried out by measuring membrane permeability on the peat water purification. Based on the results of the study obtained permeability membrane using carbon pore agent gives the best permeability, which is equal to 2.783.10⁻² mL/cm².s.bar.

In this study, The mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity of chitosan films added with patchouli oil were investigated. Film chitosan with the addition of essential oils (EO) have shown great promise for application in food preservation. Patchouli oil have contains essential oil that can inhibit Ecerchia Stapphylococcus aureus and E.coli bacteria. Characterization tensile strengh increasing at composition ratio patchouli oil 7 g, chitosan 45 g and glycerol 1,6 ml is 16 Mpa while moisture content ability 31.47% and thermal stability 521.18°C. In otherhands, patchouli oil could improve mechanical properties of the film. The resulting film can be suggested as a promising application for food packaging.

The focus of this study is to Investigate, study and modification of chitosan molecules tow with nano silver particles as an adsorbent for absorbing oil industry palm oil mill effluent. Liquid waste palm oil industry (POME) from local palm oil mill is used as a sample of oily wastewater. High molecular chitosan from crab shells do crosslink raw materials has to Overcome the disadvantages as the adsorbent, the Appropriate crosslink is AgNO3 used for this study. The controlled variable is the volume of the adsorbent, contact time and pH. A batch of detailed studies on high-molecular chitosan and chitosan Also -nanoparticles and silver are conducted with respect to the adsorption capacity, isotherm. Characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometer see changes in the functional groups of high molecular chitosan and chitosan -nanoparticle silver that has been crosslinked before and after the adsorption treatment to prove that the palm oil industry waste liquid has been absorbed by the adsorbent. The performance is assessed in terms of turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Parameter metallic iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). Using maximum adsorption capacity of the high-molecular chitosan nanoparticles of silver is calculated. This research study Will Prove the high molecular chitosan and chitosan silver -nanoparticle high molecular adsorbent after cross section as expected very potential to absorb liquid palm oil mill waste industry.

The research about comparison study of fabrication and characterization of bead chitosan hydrogel and yarn chitosan hydrogel from high molecular chitosan has been successfully conducted. High molecular chitosan was dissolved into 100 ml of 1, 1.5, and 2% of acetic acid and stirred until the chitosan was dissolved completely. The formed chitosan solution was then taken as much as 6 mL using a syringe and dropped slowly to form small beads into a Petri dish containing NaOH 0.3 M then string into a Petri dish containing acetone 1% and dried at ±50ºC. The bead chitosan hydrogel and yarn chitosan hydrogen results were characterized in which differences of functional groups on chitosan with beads chitosan hydrogel and yarn chitosan hydrogel that occurred in the highest spectra peaks was the band at 3433.29 cm-1, which indicated NH groups on chitosan had changed into an O-H group (3653.18 cm-1) on the bead chitosan hydrogels 1% and yarn chitosan hydrogel 1% which showed the existence of chemical interactions. The yarn chitosan hydrogel has better absorption capability compared to bead chitosan hydrogel. Due to the surface area of the chitosan yarn hydrogel being wider than the beads' chitosan hydrogel.