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P. Brzoska
Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Ecosystem Services
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Urban green spaces and their ecosystem services (ES) are vital for the well-being and quality of life of growing urban populations. The concept of ES is a useful aid to urban planners and a major factor in the development of city districts in which local people have access to urban greenery and their services. Here we present a transferable method to map and assess the capacity of ecosystems to deliver urban ES, exemplified for two German city districts. Based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), this method was developed in cooperation with the environmental agencies of the investigated cities and incorporates site‐specific data from field mapping. The results are given in the form of a spatial distribution of the delimitated ecosystem types and their capacities to provide three exemplary ES (‘bioclimatic regulation’, ‘nature experience’, and ‘passive recreation’). Generated maps show areas deficient in ES, which can then be used for spatial prioritization of development measures. In addition, it is possible to estimate and visualize the potential impact that specific measures will have on ES provision. The many advantages of this approach include its general flexibility and the generation of precise location-specific data. Furthermore, it can contribute to a value-based communication aimed at fostering the preservation of urban green spaces.

ACS Style

P. Brzoska; K. Grunewald; O. Bastian. A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts. Ecosystem Services 2021, 49, 101268 .

AMA Style

P. Brzoska, K. Grunewald, O. Bastian. A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 49 ():101268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Brzoska; K. Grunewald; O. Bastian. 2021. "A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts." Ecosystem Services 49, no. : 101268.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Ecosystem Services
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This paper presents a summary of lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services (ES) approach into urban planning practice in different European urban settings. We summarise a survey co-created with, and presented to, researchers and end-users in city administrations from ten European case study cities. To complement the expert analysis, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted among stakeholders to assess the use of ES in practice in urban settings. There was strong agreement between scientists and practitioners on both the opportunities and the barriers to uptake the ES concept in urban planning practice. Key agreements were that the ES concept supports decision-making as well as spatial planning, it is most useful as a communication tool, and monetarisation and public pressure can be considered as promoting factors. Barriers are lack of evidence including case studies, standardised methods and criteria to evaluate nature and its benefits, lack of legislations/reform, limited capacity and reluctance to apply ES in planning practice, and limited public involvement. On individual aspects, such as the monetarisation of ES, views differed both among the scientists and the practitioners. Derived from our investigations we summarize in which circumstances the ES concept is most relevant and useful for urban planners and decision-makers.

ACS Style

K. Grunewald; O. Bastian; J. Louda; A. Arcidiacono; P. Brzoska; M. Bue; N.I. Cetin; C. Dworczyk; L. Dubova; A. Fitch; L. Jones; D. La Rosa; A. Mascarenhas; S. Ronchi; M.A. Schlaepfer; D. Sikorska; A. Tezer. Lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services concept in urban planning. Ecosystem Services 2021, 49, 101273 .

AMA Style

K. Grunewald, O. Bastian, J. Louda, A. Arcidiacono, P. Brzoska, M. Bue, N.I. Cetin, C. Dworczyk, L. Dubova, A. Fitch, L. Jones, D. La Rosa, A. Mascarenhas, S. Ronchi, M.A. Schlaepfer, D. Sikorska, A. Tezer. Lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services concept in urban planning. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 49 ():101273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Grunewald; O. Bastian; J. Louda; A. Arcidiacono; P. Brzoska; M. Bue; N.I. Cetin; C. Dworczyk; L. Dubova; A. Fitch; L. Jones; D. La Rosa; A. Mascarenhas; S. Ronchi; M.A. Schlaepfer; D. Sikorska; A. Tezer. 2021. "Lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services concept in urban planning." Ecosystem Services 49, no. : 101273.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2021 in Land
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The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens.

ACS Style

Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land 2021, 10, 341 .

AMA Style

Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ina Neumann, Karsten Grunewald, Patrycia Brzoska, Jiři Louda, Birgit Kochan, Jan Macháč, Lenka Dubová, Petr Meyer, Jan Brabec, Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land. 2021; 10 (4):341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. 2021. "The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic." Land 10, no. 4: 341.

Review
Published: 14 May 2020 in Land
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Cities have a wide variety of green infrastructure types, such as parks and gardens. These structures can provide important ecosystem services (ES) with a major impact on human well-being. With respect to urban planning, special consideration must be given to such green infrastructure types when implementing measures to maintain and enhance the quality of life. Therefore, generating knowledge on the urban ES of differently scaled green infrastructure types is important. This systematic literature review provides an overview of existing studies which have explicitly investigated the urban ES of differently spatial-scaled green infrastructure types. By reviewing 76 publications, we confirm rising academic interest in this topic. The most frequently assessed urban ES belong to the category Regulating and Maintenance. Only a few have considered individual small structures such as green roofs or single gardens; green spaces are often aggregated into one, mostly city-wide, object of investigation, with resulting oversimplifications. Moreover, generalizing methods are mostly applied. Simultaneously, many studies have applied methods to evaluate location-specific primary data. More research is needed on small-scale structures, in particular to consider site-, and thus location-specific, parameters in order to successfully implement the ES concept into urban planning and to obtain realistic results for ES assessments.

ACS Style

Patrycia Brzoska; Aiga Spāģe. From City- to Site-Dimension: Assessing the Urban Ecosystem Services of Different Types of Green Infrastructure. Land 2020, 9, 150 .

AMA Style

Patrycia Brzoska, Aiga Spāģe. From City- to Site-Dimension: Assessing the Urban Ecosystem Services of Different Types of Green Infrastructure. Land. 2020; 9 (5):150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patrycia Brzoska; Aiga Spāģe. 2020. "From City- to Site-Dimension: Assessing the Urban Ecosystem Services of Different Types of Green Infrastructure." Land 9, no. 5: 150.