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Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for quantifying and valuing mangrove ES and allow for their small-scale mapping. We modelled and spatialised the two ES from different perspectives, the demand (ES1) and the supply (ES2) side respectively. This was performed by combining worldwide databases related to the global human population (ES1) or mangrove distribution and canopy height (ES2) with locally derived parameters, such as crab catches (ES1) or species-specific allometric equations based on local estimates of tree structural parameters (ES2). Based on this approach, we could estimate that the area delivers the basic nutrition of about 1400 households, which equals 2.7 million USD, and that the mangrove biomass in the area contains 2.1 million Mg C, amounting to 50.9 million USD, if it were paid as certificates. In addition to those figures, we provide high-resolution maps showing which areas are more valuable for the two respective ES, information that could help inform management strategies in the future.
Robin Gutting; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Karsten Grunewald; Ulf Mehlig; Véronique Helfer; Martin Zimmer. The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil. Land 2021, 10, 432 .
AMA StyleRobin Gutting, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Karsten Grunewald, Ulf Mehlig, Véronique Helfer, Martin Zimmer. The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil. Land. 2021; 10 (4):432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobin Gutting; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Karsten Grunewald; Ulf Mehlig; Véronique Helfer; Martin Zimmer. 2021. "The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil." Land 10, no. 4: 432.
The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens.
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land 2021, 10, 341 .
AMA StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe, Ina Neumann, Karsten Grunewald, Patrycia Brzoska, Jiři Louda, Birgit Kochan, Jan Macháč, Lenka Dubová, Petr Meyer, Jan Brabec, Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land. 2021; 10 (4):341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. 2021. "The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic." Land 10, no. 4: 341.
Ulrich Walz; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Landscape indicators – Monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services at landscape level. Ecological Indicators 2018, 94, 1 -5.
AMA StyleUlrich Walz, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Landscape indicators – Monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services at landscape level. Ecological Indicators. 2018; 94 ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrich Walz; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. 2018. "Landscape indicators – Monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services at landscape level." Ecological Indicators 94, no. : 1-5.
Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) emerged from Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and was developed based on the procedural steps and understanding thereof, but with the goal to fulfil a more ‘strategic’ function. Federal level plans and programmes constitute the highest planning levels in Germany subject to SEA, as SEA for policies is not compulsory. In this article, we analyse the quality and procedural effectiveness of federal level SEA in Germany with the underlying hypothesis that federal level SEA might be more strategic than SEA at other planning levels, as it represents the highest tier. Therefore, we analysed three federal level SEA case studies in Germany according to a set of criteria and indicators based on international research outcomes, including SEA integration into decision-making, tiering, scoping, selection and assessment of alternatives, cumulative effects assessment, public participation, and monitoring. Results demonstrate that the procedural effectiveness of SEA practice at the federal level is limited in Germany, and the making of SEAs proved not to be as ‘strategic’ as its important role prior to subsequent planning processes and outcomes would suggest. Reasons include an alternatives assessment restricted to macro-siting instead of assessing scenarios of demand or system alternatives, tiering limited to general advice without specific guidance for subsequent planning levels, cumulative effects assessment limited to intra-plan effects, a lack of monitoring, and public participation limited to consultation on the environmental report. These findings support results from a variety of international studies. Reasons for limitations have been identified in current SEA regulations, prior policy-making, institutional settings, the institutions' willingness to learn and limited quality management by the German Federal Environmental Agency. Thus, our recommendations aim to improve quality management and learning by initiating a federal level SEA forum to discuss federal level planning and SEA practice and related issues, expanding the federal EIA portal to SEAs, quality management by the German Federal Environmental Agency in every federal level SEA scoping process and for every federal level environmental report, and further research and development to improve SEA practice. However, the general question for SEA research might be whether SEA contributes to long-term institutional learning processes beyond individual SEA processes, and how those learning processes can be supported, for instance by quality management and capacity building.
Anke Rehhausen; Johann Köppel; Frank Scholles; Boris Stemmer; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Magel; Gesa Geißler; Wolfgang Wende. Quality of federal level strategic environmental assessment – A case study analysis for transport, transmission grid and maritime spatial planning in Germany. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 2018, 73, 41 -59.
AMA StyleAnke Rehhausen, Johann Köppel, Frank Scholles, Boris Stemmer, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ina Magel, Gesa Geißler, Wolfgang Wende. Quality of federal level strategic environmental assessment – A case study analysis for transport, transmission grid and maritime spatial planning in Germany. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2018; 73 ():41-59.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnke Rehhausen; Johann Köppel; Frank Scholles; Boris Stemmer; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Magel; Gesa Geißler; Wolfgang Wende. 2018. "Quality of federal level strategic environmental assessment – A case study analysis for transport, transmission grid and maritime spatial planning in Germany." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 73, no. : 41-59.
Ecosystem services (ESs) are influenced by use intensity. Arising disparities between supply and demand are often depending on spatial relationships. We propose to classify the spatial relations into six cases with regard to the relocation of resources to the affected groups of people. Based on these six cases, the paper also identifies the human contributions to service supply and transfer. The classification distinguishes between ‘local’ (supply and demand in the same area), ‘proximity’ (close natural transfer), ‘process’ (distant transfer by natural processes), ‘access’ (users can get to the ecosystem), ‘commodity’ (supply contributed and transfer carried out by market players), and ‘global’. For the several cases, specific scientific methods and different policy approaches are applicable. A crucial issue is how to deal with the actors who enable, maintain, and restrict ESs. Thus, considerations about landscape maintenance, conservation support, and private solutions are necessary. The contribution suggests a framework to analyse and improve the relationships concerned by uncovering mismatches between supply and demand. We use selected indicators to compare supply and demand in these relations. Four examples show the capability of the approach to limit the overuse of ecosystems and to maintain the according ESs.
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Karsten Grunewald. Ecosystem service supply and demand – the challenge to balance spatial mismatches. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 2017, 13, 148 -161.
AMA StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe, Karsten Grunewald. Ecosystem service supply and demand – the challenge to balance spatial mismatches. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management. 2017; 13 (2):148-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe; Karsten Grunewald. 2017. "Ecosystem service supply and demand – the challenge to balance spatial mismatches." International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 13, no. 2: 148-161.
Providing highly qualitative, healthy green areas in densely populated cities is often a serious challenge. Cities need to search for new and innovative solutions to increase public space with vital vegetation that we call urban green space.
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Jiang Chang. Options and Challenges for Implementing Green Spaces in Urban Development. Cities and Nature 2017, 105 -173.
AMA StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe, Jiang Chang. Options and Challenges for Implementing Green Spaces in Urban Development. Cities and Nature. 2017; ():105-173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe; Jiang Chang. 2017. "Options and Challenges for Implementing Green Spaces in Urban Development." Cities and Nature , no. : 105-173.
The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 are generating a need to create national maps and monitoring systems for the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) on the basis of indicators. The paper gives an overview of the ecosystem services indicators being developed for Germany in the context of ongoing research projects. Additionally, it provides the indicator specifications, which are aligned with the EU MAES framework concepts (initiative on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services). We illustrate aspects of data selection, calculation and negotiation procedures, results and target values in general and by way of examples. The German indicator-based approach presents measures and sums up ES in their spatial expression and temporal change and compares them with objectives. As far as possible, this is carried out according to the demand-supply concept. A prioritization of ES classes to be processed was carried out in the framework of an expert-based assessment. The results indicated that 21 of the 48 CICES classes (Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services) were most relevant for Germany in recent years. We proposed a total of 51 indicators, of which 14 indicators for 4 ES classes were accepted, implemented and published by the end of 2016. The development of ES maps and the indicator-based assessment on a national scale is a process. Consequently, the necessary further steps are shown. The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 are generating a need to create national maps and monitoring systems for the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) on the basis of indicators. The paper gives an overview of the ecosystem services indicators being developed for Germany in the context of ongoing research projects. Additionally, it provides the indicator specifications, which are aligned with the EU MAES framework concepts (initiative on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services). We illustrate aspects of data selection, calculation and negotiation procedures, results and target values in general and by way of examples. The German indicator-based approach presents measures and sums up ES in their spatial expression and temporal change and compares them with objectives. As far as possible, this is carried out according to the demand-supply concept. A prioritization of ES classes to be processed was carried out in the framework of an expert-based assessment. The results indicated that 21 of the 48 CICES classes (Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services) were most relevant for Germany in recent years. We proposed a total of 51 indicators, of which 14 indicators for 4 ES classes were accepted, implemented and published by the end of 2016. The development of ES maps and the indicator-based assessment on a national scale is a process. Consequently, the necessary further steps are shown.
Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz; Benjamin Richter; Gotthard Meinel; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli. Germany’s Ecosystem Services – State of the Indicator Development for a Nationwide Assessment and Monitoring. One Ecosystem 2017, 2, e14021 .
AMA StyleKarsten Grunewald, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ulrich Walz, Benjamin Richter, Gotthard Meinel, Hendrik Herold, Stefan Marzelli. Germany’s Ecosystem Services – State of the Indicator Development for a Nationwide Assessment and Monitoring. One Ecosystem. 2017; 2 ():e14021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz; Benjamin Richter; Gotthard Meinel; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli. 2017. "Germany’s Ecosystem Services – State of the Indicator Development for a Nationwide Assessment and Monitoring." One Ecosystem 2, no. : e14021.
Highlights•Explanation of the “German framework” following MAES and CICES recommendations.•Priorisation of 21 ecosystem services classes to be handled.•Principles of the description of indicandum and indicator (template).•Illustration of the procedure by the example raw wood production.•Discussion of the indicator in relationship to sustainability and biodiversity. AbstractThe EU Biodiversity Strategy stipulates in Target 2, Action 5 that the member states must map and assess the state of the ecosystems and their services and promote the integration into the reporting systems at the EU and national level by 2020. Therefore indicators for capturing and assessing ecosystem services (ES) are needed. In this paper we report for which ES class types currently ES indicators are being developed for Germany in the context of an ongoing research project. Additionally, we provide the indicator specifications, which are based on underlying framework concept. By way of the example of the provisioning service ‘raw wood production’ and the development of the main-indicator ‘annual wood accrual’ and six sub-indicators, we illustrate the concrete procedure, including discussion of results and target values. The indicators for the ES wood provision are not only suitable for an exemplary illustration of procedure, data selection and data basis in Germany. Furthermore, it shows that indicators for provisioning ES can eminently conflict with biodiversity and other ES.
Karsten Grunewald; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli; Gotthard Meinel; Benjamin Richter; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz. Assessment of ecosystem services at the national level in Germany—Illustration of the concept and the development of indicators by way of the example wood provision. Ecological Indicators 2016, 70, 181 -195.
AMA StyleKarsten Grunewald, Hendrik Herold, Stefan Marzelli, Gotthard Meinel, Benjamin Richter, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ulrich Walz. Assessment of ecosystem services at the national level in Germany—Illustration of the concept and the development of indicators by way of the example wood provision. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 70 ():181-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarsten Grunewald; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli; Gotthard Meinel; Benjamin Richter; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz. 2016. "Assessment of ecosystem services at the national level in Germany—Illustration of the concept and the development of indicators by way of the example wood provision." Ecological Indicators 70, no. : 181-195.
Highlights•A decentralized production and use of energy crops is favored.•Decentralized use enhances ecosystem services, if supported by regulative framework.•No acceptance for woody biomass or dedicated energy crops by farmers.•Bioenergy is not an issue for lay persons even after Fukushima.•Development in agricultural land is perceived negative by laypersons. AbstractAccording to the energy policies of the European Union and Germany, the proportion of renewable sources for energy will be increased significantly in the coming years. The extended cultivation of energy crops can lead to conflicts, e.g. severe impacts on various ecosystem services based on groundwater, soils, biodiversity and the overall appearance of the scenery. Energy crops compete with food production, and moreover, they have various ecological, economic and social implications. There is a need for improved spatial planning instruments to regulate energy crop cultivation and to reduce the impact on ecosystems and landscapes. As economic, ecological and social aspects are involved, we see the concept of Ecosystem Services as a suitable tool to analyze the impacts of an increased growth of energy crops. This concept not only acts as a stimulus to finding appropriate solutions for enhancing sustainable land management on a regional level, but also provides a holistic view with which to address the demands for improved regulative frameworks.
Gerd Lupp; Reimund Steinhäußer; Olaf Bastian; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Impacts of increasing bioenergy use on ecosystem services on nature and society exemplified in the German district of Görlitz. Biomass and Bioenergy 2015, 83, 131 -140.
AMA StyleGerd Lupp, Reimund Steinhäußer, Olaf Bastian, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Impacts of increasing bioenergy use on ecosystem services on nature and society exemplified in the German district of Görlitz. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2015; 83 ():131-140.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerd Lupp; Reimund Steinhäußer; Olaf Bastian; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. 2015. "Impacts of increasing bioenergy use on ecosystem services on nature and society exemplified in the German district of Görlitz." Biomass and Bioenergy 83, no. : 131-140.
The need for applications and tools of the—frequently mainly conceptually used—ecosystem service (ES) ideas has become more and more obvious during the last years. Practical applications are necessary to further develop and improve the conceptual base of ES on the one hand. On the other, tools for environmental and resource management are needed in order to further establish ES in decision making processes. The recognition and the appropriate quantification of ES are fundamentals for their valuation, independently whether the valuation is conducted with biophysical, social or economic methods. Their application and integration is one of the biggest challenges of contemporary ecosystem service science.
Benjamin Burkhard; Dr. Felix Müller; Dipl. Volksw. Dr. Ing. Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft; Habil. Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Matthias Rosenberg; Juliane Vowinckel; Gerd Lupp; Habil. Olaf Bastian; Dipl.-Ing. Michael Holfeld; Kenneth Anders. Ascertainment and Assessment of ES. Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies 2015, 75 -143.
AMA StyleBenjamin Burkhard, Dr. Felix Müller, Dipl. Volksw. Dr. Ing. Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft, Habil. Karsten Grunewald, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Matthias Rosenberg, Juliane Vowinckel, Gerd Lupp, Habil. Olaf Bastian, Dipl.-Ing. Michael Holfeld, Kenneth Anders. Ascertainment and Assessment of ES. Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies. 2015; ():75-143.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenjamin Burkhard; Dr. Felix Müller; Dipl. Volksw. Dr. Ing. Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft; Habil. Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Matthias Rosenberg; Juliane Vowinckel; Gerd Lupp; Habil. Olaf Bastian; Dipl.-Ing. Michael Holfeld; Kenneth Anders. 2015. "Ascertainment and Assessment of ES." Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies , no. : 75-143.
During the 1990s, with the increasing demands of humankind upon the limited resources of the earth , and in view of the growing burdens upon the balance of nature , manifested, too, in biodiversity loss and in the problem complex of energy and the climate, the concept of ecosystem services (ES) entered into the international environmental discussion (e. g. de Groot 1992; Daily 1997; Costanza et al. 1997).
K. Grunewald; O. Bastian. Ecosystem Services (ES): More Than Just a Vogue Term? Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies 2015, 1 -11.
AMA StyleK. Grunewald, O. Bastian. Ecosystem Services (ES): More Than Just a Vogue Term? Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies. 2015; ():1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Grunewald; O. Bastian. 2015. "Ecosystem Services (ES): More Than Just a Vogue Term?" Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies , no. : 1-11.
Despite, or perhaps because of the wide distribution and almost inflationary use of the ES term there is no question that a clear and uncontroversial, universally accepted definition does not exist. For example, what distinguishes the service of an arable land from the service of a natural ecosystem? What are the limitations of what we may call ‘service’? What is an ecosystem property of the underlying service? What do we mean by a potential and what is meant by a function?
K. Grunewald; O. Bastian; K. Mannsfeld. Development and Fundamentals of the ES Approach. Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies 2015, 13 -34.
AMA StyleK. Grunewald, O. Bastian, K. Mannsfeld. Development and Fundamentals of the ES Approach. Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies. 2015; ():13-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Grunewald; O. Bastian; K. Mannsfeld. 2015. "Development and Fundamentals of the ES Approach." Ecosystem Services – Concept, Methods and Case Studies , no. : 13-34.
For quantifying and modelling of landscape patterns, the patch matrix model (PMM) and the gradient model (GM) are fundamental concepts of landscape ecology. While the PMM model has been the backbone for our advances in landscape ecology, it may also hamper truly universal insights into process–pattern relationships. The PMM describes landscape structures as a mosaic of discretely delineated homogenous areas. This requires simplifications and assumptions which may even result in errors which propagate through subsequent analyses and may reduce our ability to understand effects of landscape structure on ecological processes. Alternative approaches to represent landscape structure should therefore be evaluated. The GM represents continuous surface characteristics without arbitrary vegetation or land-use classification and therefore does not require delineation of discrete areas with sharp boundaries. The GM therefore lends itself to be a more realistic representation of a particular surface characteristic. In the paper PMM and GM are compared regarding their prospects and limitations. Suggestions are made regarding the potential use and implementation of both approaches for process–pattern analysis. The ecological and anthropogenic process itself and its characteristics under investigation is decisive for: (i) the selection of discrete and/or continuous indicators, (ii) the type of the quantitative pattern analysis approach to be used (PMM/GM) and (iii) the data and the scale required in the analysis. Process characteristics and their effects on pattern characteristics in space and time are decisive for the applicability of the PMM or of the GM approach. A low hemeroby (high naturalness and low human pressure on landscapes) allows for high internal-heterogeneity in space and over time within patterns. Such landscapes can be captured with the GM approach. A high hemeroby reduces heterogeneity in space and time within patterns. For such landscapes we recommend the PMM model.
Angela Lausch; Thomas Blaschke; Dagmar Haase; Felix Herzog; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Lutz Tischendorf; Ulrich Walz. Understanding and quantifying landscape structure – A review on relevant process characteristics, data models and landscape metrics. Ecological Modelling 2014, 295, 31 -41.
AMA StyleAngela Lausch, Thomas Blaschke, Dagmar Haase, Felix Herzog, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Lutz Tischendorf, Ulrich Walz. Understanding and quantifying landscape structure – A review on relevant process characteristics, data models and landscape metrics. Ecological Modelling. 2014; 295 ():31-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngela Lausch; Thomas Blaschke; Dagmar Haase; Felix Herzog; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Lutz Tischendorf; Ulrich Walz. 2014. "Understanding and quantifying landscape structure – A review on relevant process characteristics, data models and landscape metrics." Ecological Modelling 295, no. : 31-41.
Perceptions of energy crop production are assessed in this paper. The Görlitz district (Germany) serves as a case study area for this purpose. Semi-structured interviews with farmers and standardized surveys among lay persons were conducted. Many farmers perceive themselves being responsible for providing many ecosystem services. Farmers prefer a regional scale of energy crop cultivation based on conventional crops. Improved legal frameworks and incentives would safeguard equal competition and ecosystem services. Laypersons think that drinking water, food production, biodiversity and pollination are the most important ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes. Providing biomass for renewable energy production is not considered to be an important ecosystem service. Laypersons believe that biomass production should be restricted to fields that are not needed for food production, and the use of residues or landscape management materials. According to laypersons, more money should be spent to halt the decline of ecosystem services.
Gerd Lupp; Olaf Bastian; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Reimund Steinhäußer. Perceptions of Energy Crop Production by Lay People and Farmers Using the Ecosystem Services Approach. Moravian Geographical Reports 2014, 22, 15 -25.
AMA StyleGerd Lupp, Olaf Bastian, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Reimund Steinhäußer. Perceptions of Energy Crop Production by Lay People and Farmers Using the Ecosystem Services Approach. Moravian Geographical Reports. 2014; 22 (2):15-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerd Lupp; Olaf Bastian; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Reimund Steinhäußer. 2014. "Perceptions of Energy Crop Production by Lay People and Farmers Using the Ecosystem Services Approach." Moravian Geographical Reports 22, no. 2: 15-25.
Recently, in addition to the popular concept of “ecosystem services” (ES), the term “landscape services” (LS) has come into use. We are examining the question of whether a stronger focus on LS would be useful, particularly with regard to case studies carried out in Germany. Important reasons for introducing the term LS include the prominent role of spatial aspects, the reference to landscape elements and the landscape character, and the relevance of LS for landscape planning. We found no strong arguments for replacing the concept of ES by LS; however, we do prefer a situation-related use of both concepts. We propose the following definition: Landscape services are the contributions of landscapes and landscape elements to human well-being.
Olaf Bastian; Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz; Wolfgang Wende. Landscape services: the concept and its practical relevance. Landscape Ecology 2014, 29, 1463 -1479.
AMA StyleOlaf Bastian, Karsten Grunewald, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ulrich Walz, Wolfgang Wende. Landscape services: the concept and its practical relevance. Landscape Ecology. 2014; 29 (9):1463-1479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlaf Bastian; Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz; Wolfgang Wende. 2014. "Landscape services: the concept and its practical relevance." Landscape Ecology 29, no. 9: 1463-1479.
Gerd Lupp; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Reimund Steinhäußer; Anja Starick; Michael Schlitt; Harald Neitzel; Karin Frommhagen; Birgit Fleischer; Maik Denner; Olaf Bastian. Nachhaltige Nutzung von Energiepflanzen für eine regionale Entwicklung. Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift 2014, 29, 42 .
AMA StyleGerd Lupp, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Reimund Steinhäußer, Anja Starick, Michael Schlitt, Harald Neitzel, Karin Frommhagen, Birgit Fleischer, Maik Denner, Olaf Bastian. Nachhaltige Nutzung von Energiepflanzen für eine regionale Entwicklung. Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift. 2014; 29 (2):42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGerd Lupp; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Reimund Steinhäußer; Anja Starick; Michael Schlitt; Harald Neitzel; Karin Frommhagen; Birgit Fleischer; Maik Denner; Olaf Bastian. 2014. "Nachhaltige Nutzung von Energiepflanzen für eine regionale Entwicklung." Ökologisches Wirtschaften - Fachzeitschrift 29, no. 2: 42.
Ulrich Walz; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Linking landscape structure and biodiversity. Ecological Indicators 2013, 31, 1 -5.
AMA StyleUlrich Walz, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Linking landscape structure and biodiversity. Ecological Indicators. 2013; 31 ():1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrich Walz; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. 2013. "Linking landscape structure and biodiversity." Ecological Indicators 31, no. : 1-5.
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Elisa Michel; Ulrich Walz. Structural indicators for the assessment of biodiversity and their connection to the richness of avifauna. Ecological Indicators 2013, 31, 89 -98.
AMA StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe, Elisa Michel, Ulrich Walz. Structural indicators for the assessment of biodiversity and their connection to the richness of avifauna. Ecological Indicators. 2013; 31 ():89-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe; Elisa Michel; Ulrich Walz. 2013. "Structural indicators for the assessment of biodiversity and their connection to the richness of avifauna." Ecological Indicators 31, no. : 89-98.
The ecosystem services approach is an established framework for the balanced evaluation of ecological, economic and social landscape resources. It promotes functional synergies (win–win situations) as well as trade-offs among various benefits resulting from ecosystem processes. Spatial aspects of heterogeneity and configuration play a major role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services and hence in human wellbeing. Cultural artifacts also contribute to landscape functionality. Because of the underlying areal aspects, an additional term, landscape service has been proposed and is increasingly used (Termorshuizen and Opdam, 2009). We take a particular interest in spatial aspects of this framework and the optimization of trade-offs between landscape services. Firstly, spatial heterogeneity is assessed by means of landscape metrics computed as indicators for landscape services. Landscape heterogeneity is a key measure of biodiversity and contributes to several valuable functions. Habitat connectivity and other measures of landscape structure are also essential criteria for the behavior of metapopulations and for recreational value. Secondly, service providing areas (SPAs) are discussed as the areal basis for service provision. Similarly, service benefiting areas (SBAs) and connecting areas (SCAs) for the transfer of matter, energy and organisms between them are investigated. Place-based assessment addresses such areas. We thus show possibilities for estimating and evaluating landscape units. Thirdly, the landscape consists of the natural environment, artifacts from past human use, current human activity and even social thinking. The landscape services approach in a wider sense allows us to take social/cultural services better into account because they depend strongly on heritage assets, structural characteristics, historical conditions end even cultural specifics; which can hardly be subsumed to ecosystems. Place-based assessment is an appropriate solution for combining several spatial categories.
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz. Spatial indicators for the assessment of ecosystem services: Providing, benefiting and connecting areas and landscape metrics. Ecological Indicators 2012, 21, 80 -88.
AMA StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe, Ulrich Walz. Spatial indicators for the assessment of ecosystem services: Providing, benefiting and connecting areas and landscape metrics. Ecological Indicators. 2012; 21 ():80-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRalf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz. 2012. "Spatial indicators for the assessment of ecosystem services: Providing, benefiting and connecting areas and landscape metrics." Ecological Indicators 21, no. : 80-88.
Stefan Lang; Ulrich Walz; Hermann Klug; Thomas Blaschke; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Landscape metrics – A toolbox for assessing past, present and future landscape structures. Geoinformation Technologies for Geo-Cultural Landscapes 2008, 207 -234.
AMA StyleStefan Lang, Ulrich Walz, Hermann Klug, Thomas Blaschke, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. Landscape metrics – A toolbox for assessing past, present and future landscape structures. Geoinformation Technologies for Geo-Cultural Landscapes. 2008; ():207-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStefan Lang; Ulrich Walz; Hermann Klug; Thomas Blaschke; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe. 2008. "Landscape metrics – A toolbox for assessing past, present and future landscape structures." Geoinformation Technologies for Geo-Cultural Landscapes , no. : 207-234.