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Dr. Karsten Grunewald
Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development (IOER), Dresden, Germany

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0 Ecosystem Services
0 Landscape Ecology
0 environmental indicators
0 Regional and urban development
0 Landscape change and management

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Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Russia’s ecosystems and ecosystem services (ES) are critical not only for the country’s economy and well-being of the people but also for maintaining biodiversity and biosphere regulation around the world. Thus, the introduction of ecosystem accounting in Russia is an urgent national and international goal to which the TEEB-Russia project is dedicated. In this publication, we briefly review and discuss the main project results. Based on currently available open statistical and cartographic data, TEEB-Russia project conducted the first national assessment of terrestrial ES in Russia to derive methodological approaches to national ecosystem accounting. A range of indicators were used to assess the ES provided by ecosystems (potential) as well as the level of demand and consumption of ES by Russia’s regions, both for populations and economies. Indicators of ecosystem assets include extent (ecosystem size) and condition (productivity, phytomass, bird and plant species diversity). An analysis of the correlations between indicators of ES and ecosystem assets showed that a system of national ecosystem accounting in Russia should be regionally differentiated to take account of the strong heterogeneity of natural conditions and the socio-economic development at this level. Decision-making in spatial planning and ecosystem management should carefully consider the difference between causal relationships between indicators and correlations that arise from the simultaneous response of indicators to changes in other factors. Differences in relationships between indicators at different spatial scales should also be taken into account.

ACS Style

Elena Bukvareva; Karsten Grunewald; Oxana Klimanova; Evgeni Kolbovsky; Andrey Shcherbakov; Tatiana Sviridova; Dmitry Zamolodchikov. TEEB-Russia: Towards National Ecosystem Accounting. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6678 .

AMA Style

Elena Bukvareva, Karsten Grunewald, Oxana Klimanova, Evgeni Kolbovsky, Andrey Shcherbakov, Tatiana Sviridova, Dmitry Zamolodchikov. TEEB-Russia: Towards National Ecosystem Accounting. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6678.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Bukvareva; Karsten Grunewald; Oxana Klimanova; Evgeni Kolbovsky; Andrey Shcherbakov; Tatiana Sviridova; Dmitry Zamolodchikov. 2021. "TEEB-Russia: Towards National Ecosystem Accounting." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6678.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Ecosystem Services
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Urban green spaces and their ecosystem services (ES) are vital for the well-being and quality of life of growing urban populations. The concept of ES is a useful aid to urban planners and a major factor in the development of city districts in which local people have access to urban greenery and their services. Here we present a transferable method to map and assess the capacity of ecosystems to deliver urban ES, exemplified for two German city districts. Based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), this method was developed in cooperation with the environmental agencies of the investigated cities and incorporates site‐specific data from field mapping. The results are given in the form of a spatial distribution of the delimitated ecosystem types and their capacities to provide three exemplary ES (‘bioclimatic regulation’, ‘nature experience’, and ‘passive recreation’). Generated maps show areas deficient in ES, which can then be used for spatial prioritization of development measures. In addition, it is possible to estimate and visualize the potential impact that specific measures will have on ES provision. The many advantages of this approach include its general flexibility and the generation of precise location-specific data. Furthermore, it can contribute to a value-based communication aimed at fostering the preservation of urban green spaces.

ACS Style

P. Brzoska; K. Grunewald; O. Bastian. A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts. Ecosystem Services 2021, 49, 101268 .

AMA Style

P. Brzoska, K. Grunewald, O. Bastian. A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 49 ():101268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Brzoska; K. Grunewald; O. Bastian. 2021. "A multi-criteria analytical method to assess ecosystem services at urban site level, exemplified by two German city districts." Ecosystem Services 49, no. : 101268.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Ecosystem Services
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This paper presents a summary of lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services (ES) approach into urban planning practice in different European urban settings. We summarise a survey co-created with, and presented to, researchers and end-users in city administrations from ten European case study cities. To complement the expert analysis, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted among stakeholders to assess the use of ES in practice in urban settings. There was strong agreement between scientists and practitioners on both the opportunities and the barriers to uptake the ES concept in urban planning practice. Key agreements were that the ES concept supports decision-making as well as spatial planning, it is most useful as a communication tool, and monetarisation and public pressure can be considered as promoting factors. Barriers are lack of evidence including case studies, standardised methods and criteria to evaluate nature and its benefits, lack of legislations/reform, limited capacity and reluctance to apply ES in planning practice, and limited public involvement. On individual aspects, such as the monetarisation of ES, views differed both among the scientists and the practitioners. Derived from our investigations we summarize in which circumstances the ES concept is most relevant and useful for urban planners and decision-makers.

ACS Style

K. Grunewald; O. Bastian; J. Louda; A. Arcidiacono; P. Brzoska; M. Bue; N.I. Cetin; C. Dworczyk; L. Dubova; A. Fitch; L. Jones; D. La Rosa; A. Mascarenhas; S. Ronchi; M.A. Schlaepfer; D. Sikorska; A. Tezer. Lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services concept in urban planning. Ecosystem Services 2021, 49, 101273 .

AMA Style

K. Grunewald, O. Bastian, J. Louda, A. Arcidiacono, P. Brzoska, M. Bue, N.I. Cetin, C. Dworczyk, L. Dubova, A. Fitch, L. Jones, D. La Rosa, A. Mascarenhas, S. Ronchi, M.A. Schlaepfer, D. Sikorska, A. Tezer. Lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services concept in urban planning. Ecosystem Services. 2021; 49 ():101273.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Grunewald; O. Bastian; J. Louda; A. Arcidiacono; P. Brzoska; M. Bue; N.I. Cetin; C. Dworczyk; L. Dubova; A. Fitch; L. Jones; D. La Rosa; A. Mascarenhas; S. Ronchi; M.A. Schlaepfer; D. Sikorska; A. Tezer. 2021. "Lessons learned from implementing the ecosystem services concept in urban planning." Ecosystem Services 49, no. : 101273.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2021 in Land
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Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for quantifying and valuing mangrove ES and allow for their small-scale mapping. We modelled and spatialised the two ES from different perspectives, the demand (ES1) and the supply (ES2) side respectively. This was performed by combining worldwide databases related to the global human population (ES1) or mangrove distribution and canopy height (ES2) with locally derived parameters, such as crab catches (ES1) or species-specific allometric equations based on local estimates of tree structural parameters (ES2). Based on this approach, we could estimate that the area delivers the basic nutrition of about 1400 households, which equals 2.7 million USD, and that the mangrove biomass in the area contains 2.1 million Mg C, amounting to 50.9 million USD, if it were paid as certificates. In addition to those figures, we provide high-resolution maps showing which areas are more valuable for the two respective ES, information that could help inform management strategies in the future.

ACS Style

Robin Gutting; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Karsten Grunewald; Ulf Mehlig; Véronique Helfer; Martin Zimmer. The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil. Land 2021, 10, 432 .

AMA Style

Robin Gutting, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Karsten Grunewald, Ulf Mehlig, Véronique Helfer, Martin Zimmer. The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil. Land. 2021; 10 (4):432.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin Gutting; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Karsten Grunewald; Ulf Mehlig; Véronique Helfer; Martin Zimmer. 2021. "The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil." Land 10, no. 4: 432.

Journal article
Published: 27 March 2021 in Land
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The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens.

ACS Style

Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land 2021, 10, 341 .

AMA Style

Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ina Neumann, Karsten Grunewald, Patrycia Brzoska, Jiři Louda, Birgit Kochan, Jan Macháč, Lenka Dubová, Petr Meyer, Jan Brabec, Olaf Bastian. The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic. Land. 2021; 10 (4):341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ina Neumann; Karsten Grunewald; Patrycia Brzoska; Jiři Louda; Birgit Kochan; Jan Macháč; Lenka Dubová; Petr Meyer; Jan Brabec; Olaf Bastian. 2021. "The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic." Land 10, no. 4: 341.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2020 in One Ecosystem
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Information on changes in the area of different ecosystems is needed in order to establish an accounting system for ecosystem conditions and services. Currently, there are no comprehensive field mappings for the German federal states that obey a uniform mapping system. To create a nationwide “ecosystem accounting”, it is necessary to develop a uniform system of ecosystem classifications that can consistently deal with diverse nationwide data sources on the extent and condition of ecosystems, some of which use their own forms of classification. Against this background, we present a concrete proposal on how to combine and blend GIS land-use and ecosystem data that is compatible with EU-wide approaches with other regularly collected data sources, for example, from sample-based surveys, so as to generate a complete, updatable picture of the state of Germany’s ecosystems. The area shares of ecosystem types (ETs) can be shown in maps. Allocation tables with different classes or levels (layers) enable an ecosystem extent accounting, which are used to help draw up balances (area balance, status balance, service balance) and can be further detailed, depending on the task at hand. First results and trends of areal changes of main and sub-ecosystem types in Germany, based on the proposed classification system, are presented and discussed. However, the brevity of the considered timeframe (the three periods 2012-2015-2018) does not yet allow us to pinpoint trends or migratory movements, as these may be masked by methodological changes in the classification of land use and land cover. Nonetheless, the presented system for accounting changes in ecosystem areas should be continued and developed in the future in order to create a useful tool for biodiversity monitoring in Germany.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Sophie Meier; Tobias Krüger; Martin Schorcht; Ulrich Walz. Hierarchical classification system of Germany’s ecosystems as basis for an ecosystem accounting – methods and first results. One Ecosystem 2020, 5, e50648 .

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Sophie Meier, Tobias Krüger, Martin Schorcht, Ulrich Walz. Hierarchical classification system of Germany’s ecosystems as basis for an ecosystem accounting – methods and first results. One Ecosystem. 2020; 5 ():e50648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Burkhard Schweppe-Kraft; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Sophie Meier; Tobias Krüger; Martin Schorcht; Ulrich Walz. 2020. "Hierarchical classification system of Germany’s ecosystems as basis for an ecosystem accounting – methods and first results." One Ecosystem 5, no. : e50648.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This paper addresses the question of how a sustainable urban development can be supported through simple measured quantities in the context of the specific provision of green space and open space. The specific provision of green space is analysed based on a combination of six indicators that describe, on the one hand, the access of inhabitants to green spaces and on the other hand, the settlement character as well as the strong anthropogenic imprint on the urban landscape. The indicators were calculated and combined in a 9-cell matrix for classifying the areas studied. The implementation was carried out at two scales for all German cities with at least 50,000 inhabitants as well as exemplarily for city districts of eight big cities. The calculated indicator values for representing green characteristics decrease with increasing number of inhabitants, whereas the opposite relationship was obtained for the indicators of the grey characteristics. We show how the approach provides an in-depth morphological assessment of German cities ranking their scores from low to the high presence of grey/green characteristics.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Benjamin Richter; Martin Behnisch. Multi-Indicator Approach for Characterising Urban Green Space Provision at City and City-District Level in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2300 .

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Benjamin Richter, Martin Behnisch. Multi-Indicator Approach for Characterising Urban Green Space Provision at City and City-District Level in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (13):2300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Benjamin Richter; Martin Behnisch. 2019. "Multi-Indicator Approach for Characterising Urban Green Space Provision at City and City-District Level in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2300.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2019 in Ecological Indicators
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The capacity to absorb and retain surface waters in the floodplain in case of floods and thus prevent or reduce threats to settlement areas through flooding is an important aspect among others within the ecosystem service “Regulation service of floodplains”. Two simplified indicators for measuring the potential flood retention in Germany are proposed here: the “Area for flood retention” on the one hand and the “Proportion of built-up areas in the current floodplain” on the other. The results for the 79 largest rivers of Germany, which are also presented in the form of a map, show among other things that only around 35% of the morphological floodplain in Germany still serve for natural flood retention. In the short period between 2010 and 2015 alone, the area for flood retention decreased by 7.3 km2 (0.13%) nationwide due to the increase in the settlement and traffic area. Capturing the ecosystem service of floodplains also for smaller rivers would make sense from a flood protection perspective. It is also necessary to regularly capture any change of the current floodplain due to embankments and dyke relocations that currently cannot be deduced from available geodata. A political aim in Germany is to significantly increase the retention areas within the next few years. Our results show that huge efforts are necessary in order to reach this aim, which would directly contribute to the prevention of flood damage.

ACS Style

Ulrich Walz; Benjamin Richter; Karsten Grunewald. Indicators on the ecosystem service “regulation service of floodplains”. Ecological Indicators 2019, 102, 547 -556.

AMA Style

Ulrich Walz, Benjamin Richter, Karsten Grunewald. Indicators on the ecosystem service “regulation service of floodplains”. Ecological Indicators. 2019; 102 ():547-556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulrich Walz; Benjamin Richter; Karsten Grunewald. 2019. "Indicators on the ecosystem service “regulation service of floodplains”." Ecological Indicators 102, no. : 547-556.

Article
Published: 18 January 2019 in Journal of Mountain Science
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This research reveals relationships between climate variables and inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret located in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains. The study period is 1993–2017. The correlations are identified using statistical methods. Also, a statistical model is constructed, including some climate variables as predictors. Despite the evident decrease of the glacieret’s size in the period from the 1950s onwards, the long-term trends for the last decades have been insignificant. The main climatic factors influencing the inter-annual dynamics in the area of the glacieret are air temperature, precipitation, zonal and meridional winds and relative humidity. With respect to the dynamics in the area of the glacieret, the important trends in the different climate variables are those of the warm period air temperatures and zonal (u) wind. They also determine to a great extent its future development by acting in two opposite directions–rising temperatures in the warm period will lead to a rapid decrease of its area by the end of the melting season, while the change of wind direction from west to east in the warm period will increase its area. The influence of the zonal wind in the warm period is explained mainly by the location of the glacieret in the cirque. Generally, the glacieret is tilted downwards from west to east. Thus, westerly winds facilitate blowing away the snow from the surface of the glacieret, assisting its melting in the warm period. Easterly winds do not have such an effect. The combination of the opposite effects of these two most important climate variables leads to the most likely scenario for the future development of the glacieret, according to which by the middle of this century it is expected to turn into a semi-permanent snow patch, which disappears after some summers, and by the end of the century to completely melt every year before the end of the melting season.

ACS Style

Peter Nojarov; Emil Gachev; Karsten Grunewald. Recent behavior and possible future evolution of the glacieret in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains under conditions of climate warming. Journal of Mountain Science 2019, 16, 16 -29.

AMA Style

Peter Nojarov, Emil Gachev, Karsten Grunewald. Recent behavior and possible future evolution of the glacieret in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains under conditions of climate warming. Journal of Mountain Science. 2019; 16 (1):16-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter Nojarov; Emil Gachev; Karsten Grunewald. 2019. "Recent behavior and possible future evolution of the glacieret in the cirque Golemiya Kazan in the Pirin Mountains under conditions of climate warming." Journal of Mountain Science 16, no. 1: 16-29.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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The Project TEEB-Russia is the first attempt at a nation-wide assessment of ecosystem services (ES) in Russia. The result of the pilot phase of the project (2013–2015) was the “Prototype National Report on Ecosystem Services of Russia, Volume 1, Terrestrial Ecosystems Services”. A methodology for ES assessment was developed with allowance for the current status of the national public statistics. The units of ES assessment were the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. ES volumes supplied by ecosystems and consumed by humans were assessed. A number of productive (provisioning) and environment-forming (regulating) ES were evaluated in terms of quantitative scientific indicators; others were scored in terms of natural and socioeconomic factors that determine the supply and use of ES. The degree to which ES are consumed by humans was assessed by the ratio of supplied ES volumes to consumed ES volumes. The constituents of the Russian Federation were compared with respect to the balance of natural factors determining ES supply and socioeconomic factors determining ES use. Analyses of available data show that a national ES assessment can be started on the basis of the current national system of data collection. The creation of a full national system for assessment and monitoring of ES requires, in the short term, solving the problem of extremely unequal areas of administrative regions, ensuring availability and regular updating of data relevant for ES assessment that are already being collected by federal agencies as well as of the satellite maps of terrestrial ecosystems of Russia, and elaborating models linking ES volume to land cover types for the entire territory of Russia.

ACS Style

E. Bukvareva; D. Zamolodchikov; K. Grunewald. National assessment of ecosystem services in Russia: Methodology and main problems. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 655, 1181 -1196.

AMA Style

E. Bukvareva, D. Zamolodchikov, K. Grunewald. National assessment of ecosystem services in Russia: Methodology and main problems. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 655 ():1181-1196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Bukvareva; D. Zamolodchikov; K. Grunewald. 2018. "National assessment of ecosystem services in Russia: Methodology and main problems." Science of The Total Environment 655, no. : 1181-1196.

Editorial
Published: 15 September 2017 in Sustainability
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Cities are growing worldwide, in their geographical extent with respect to their general and current macro-economic significance, as well as regarding their total populations

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald. Special Issue: “Maintaining Ecosystem Services to Support Urban Needs”. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1647 .

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald. Special Issue: “Maintaining Ecosystem Services to Support Urban Needs”. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (9):1647.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald. 2017. "Special Issue: “Maintaining Ecosystem Services to Support Urban Needs”." Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1647.

Chapter
Published: 06 August 2017 in Ecoregional Green Roofs
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The elements of the green infrastructure in the urban space represent habitats for numerous species and provide a high variety of ecosystem services. A clarification of the benefits urban residents gain from urban green spaces as well as control of urban green quality at the city and federal level are necessary to derive and pinpoint urban planning and nature conservation strategies in this context. In this light, due to its integrated approach the concept of ecosystem services (ES) is gaining increased popularity in the global environmental debate.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Gaodi Xie; Henry Wüstemann. The Multiple Benefits of Urban Green—Ecosystem Services Assessment. Ecoregional Green Roofs 2017, 43 -104.

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Gaodi Xie, Henry Wüstemann. The Multiple Benefits of Urban Green—Ecosystem Services Assessment. Ecoregional Green Roofs. 2017; ():43-104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Gaodi Xie; Henry Wüstemann. 2017. "The Multiple Benefits of Urban Green—Ecosystem Services Assessment." Ecoregional Green Roofs , no. : 43-104.

Chapter
Published: 06 August 2017 in Cities and Nature
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In the context of ongoing urbanization processes and sustainable urban development, the aim is to capture, describe, and convey to various target groups the current significance, the values, and the potentials of urban biodiversity and ecosystem services. To seek sustainable pathways, the current developments and different approaches are to be studied globally, whereas this book focuses on current processes and practices in China and Germany in more detail. The strategic goal is a long-term appreciation of the potentials and increased consideration of urban green spaces as nature-based solutions in city planning and development.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Junxiang Li; Gaodi Xie; Lennart Kümper-Schlake. Introduction to an Urban Ecosystem Approach. Cities and Nature 2017, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Junxiang Li, Gaodi Xie, Lennart Kümper-Schlake. Introduction to an Urban Ecosystem Approach. Cities and Nature. 2017; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Junxiang Li; Gaodi Xie; Lennart Kümper-Schlake. 2017. "Introduction to an Urban Ecosystem Approach." Cities and Nature , no. : 1-14.

Chapter
Published: 06 August 2017 in Cities and Nature
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In order to secure and create urban green space, actions need to be coordinated across different policy areas and between institutions and persons involved in sustainable urban development as well as on different subnational planning levels (regional level, city-wide level, district/site level). The implementation needs to be seen as a joint task by authorities, citizens, enterprises, and other stakeholders.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Tinghao Hu; Lennart Kümper-Schlake; Wei Hou; Qiaoqiao Xu. Towards ‘Green Cities’—Fields of Action and Recommendations. Cities and Nature 2017, 175 -197.

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Tinghao Hu, Lennart Kümper-Schlake, Wei Hou, Qiaoqiao Xu. Towards ‘Green Cities’—Fields of Action and Recommendations. Cities and Nature. 2017; ():175-197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Tinghao Hu; Lennart Kümper-Schlake; Wei Hou; Qiaoqiao Xu. 2017. "Towards ‘Green Cities’—Fields of Action and Recommendations." Cities and Nature , no. : 175-197.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2017 in One Ecosystem
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The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 are generating a need to create national maps and monitoring systems for the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) on the basis of indicators. The paper gives an overview of the ecosystem services indicators being developed for Germany in the context of ongoing research projects. Additionally, it provides the indicator specifications, which are aligned with the EU MAES framework concepts (initiative on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services). We illustrate aspects of data selection, calculation and negotiation procedures, results and target values in general and by way of examples. The German indicator-based approach presents measures and sums up ES in their spatial expression and temporal change and compares them with objectives. As far as possible, this is carried out according to the demand-supply concept. A prioritization of ES classes to be processed was carried out in the framework of an expert-based assessment. The results indicated that 21 of the 48 CICES classes (Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services) were most relevant for Germany in recent years. We proposed a total of 51 indicators, of which 14 indicators for 4 ES classes were accepted, implemented and published by the end of 2016. The development of ES maps and the indicator-based assessment on a national scale is a process. Consequently, the necessary further steps are shown. The obligations of the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2020 are generating a need to create national maps and monitoring systems for the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) on the basis of indicators. The paper gives an overview of the ecosystem services indicators being developed for Germany in the context of ongoing research projects. Additionally, it provides the indicator specifications, which are aligned with the EU MAES framework concepts (initiative on Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services). We illustrate aspects of data selection, calculation and negotiation procedures, results and target values in general and by way of examples. The German indicator-based approach presents measures and sums up ES in their spatial expression and temporal change and compares them with objectives. As far as possible, this is carried out according to the demand-supply concept. A prioritization of ES classes to be processed was carried out in the framework of an expert-based assessment. The results indicated that 21 of the 48 CICES classes (Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services) were most relevant for Germany in recent years. We proposed a total of 51 indicators, of which 14 indicators for 4 ES classes were accepted, implemented and published by the end of 2016. The development of ES maps and the indicator-based assessment on a national scale is a process. Consequently, the necessary further steps are shown.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz; Benjamin Richter; Gotthard Meinel; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli. Germany’s Ecosystem Services – State of the Indicator Development for a Nationwide Assessment and Monitoring. One Ecosystem 2017, 2, e14021 .

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ulrich Walz, Benjamin Richter, Gotthard Meinel, Hendrik Herold, Stefan Marzelli. Germany’s Ecosystem Services – State of the Indicator Development for a Nationwide Assessment and Monitoring. One Ecosystem. 2017; 2 ():e14021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz; Benjamin Richter; Gotthard Meinel; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli. 2017. "Germany’s Ecosystem Services – State of the Indicator Development for a Nationwide Assessment and Monitoring." One Ecosystem 2, no. : e14021.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Sustainability
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In the light of ongoing global urbanization and the high pace of resource consumption, there is an urgent need to foster compact cities. Currently, however, we lack integrative guidelines on how to manage trade-offs between urban densification and the provision of green space. Against this background, this study applies the concepts of green infrastructure and ecosystem services to develop a guideline for landscape planning to foster compact and green cities. The guideline was tested on the example of the landscape plan of Dresden (Germany), which foresees a compact city in a green network. Results show that the concepts of ecosystems services and green infrastructure can support urban practitioners in structuring the complex interrelations between landscape planning and compact and green cities. The developed guideline provides an integrative framework for modular landscape planning that: (1) reflects the spatial heterogeneity and properties of urban ecosystems and landscapes; and (2) considers cities as integrated socio-ecological systems. The case study indicates that a more comprehensive perspective of cities and their ecosystem is required, one that connects green with grey infrastructure. Further research should focus on how the green infrastructure concept can be refined to incorporate strategic planning for compact cities.

ACS Style

Martina Artmann; Olaf Bastian; Karsten Grunewald. Using the Concepts of Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services to Specify Leitbilder for Compact and Green Cities—The Example of the Landscape Plan of Dresden (Germany). Sustainability 2017, 9, 198 .

AMA Style

Martina Artmann, Olaf Bastian, Karsten Grunewald. Using the Concepts of Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services to Specify Leitbilder for Compact and Green Cities—The Example of the Landscape Plan of Dresden (Germany). Sustainability. 2017; 9 (2):198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martina Artmann; Olaf Bastian; Karsten Grunewald. 2017. "Using the Concepts of Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services to Specify Leitbilder for Compact and Green Cities—The Example of the Landscape Plan of Dresden (Germany)." Sustainability 9, no. 2: 198.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
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We present options for a National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany (NEA-DE) that could inform decision-makers on the state and trends of ecosystems and ecosystem services. Characterizing a NEA-DE, we argue that its cross-sectoral, integrative approach would have the advantages of increased scientific understanding, addressing specific policy questions and creating science-policy dialogues. Challenges include objections against a utilitarian perspective, reservations concerning power relations, and responsibilities concerning the funding.

ACS Style

Christian Albert; Carsten Neßhöver; Matthias Schröter; Heidi Wittmer; Aletta Bonn; Benjamin Burkhard; Jens Dauber; Ralf Döring; Christine Fürst; Karsten Grunewald; Dagmar Haase; Bernd Hansjürgens; Jennifer Hauck; Mandy Hinzmann; Thomas Koellner; Tobias Plieninger; Sven-Erik Rabe; Irene Ring; Joachim H. Spangenberg; Ulrich Stachow; Henry Wüstemann; Christoph Görg. Towards a National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany: A Plea for a Comprehensive Approach. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 2017, 26, 27 -33.

AMA Style

Christian Albert, Carsten Neßhöver, Matthias Schröter, Heidi Wittmer, Aletta Bonn, Benjamin Burkhard, Jens Dauber, Ralf Döring, Christine Fürst, Karsten Grunewald, Dagmar Haase, Bernd Hansjürgens, Jennifer Hauck, Mandy Hinzmann, Thomas Koellner, Tobias Plieninger, Sven-Erik Rabe, Irene Ring, Joachim H. Spangenberg, Ulrich Stachow, Henry Wüstemann, Christoph Görg. Towards a National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany: A Plea for a Comprehensive Approach. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society. 2017; 26 (1):27-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Albert; Carsten Neßhöver; Matthias Schröter; Heidi Wittmer; Aletta Bonn; Benjamin Burkhard; Jens Dauber; Ralf Döring; Christine Fürst; Karsten Grunewald; Dagmar Haase; Bernd Hansjürgens; Jennifer Hauck; Mandy Hinzmann; Thomas Koellner; Tobias Plieninger; Sven-Erik Rabe; Irene Ring; Joachim H. Spangenberg; Ulrich Stachow; Henry Wüstemann; Christoph Görg. 2017. "Towards a National Ecosystem Assessment in Germany: A Plea for a Comprehensive Approach." GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 26, no. 1: 27-33.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Ecological Indicators
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Highlights•Explanation of the “German framework” following MAES and CICES recommendations.•Priorisation of 21 ecosystem services classes to be handled.•Principles of the description of indicandum and indicator (template).•Illustration of the procedure by the example raw wood production.•Discussion of the indicator in relationship to sustainability and biodiversity. AbstractThe EU Biodiversity Strategy stipulates in Target 2, Action 5 that the member states must map and assess the state of the ecosystems and their services and promote the integration into the reporting systems at the EU and national level by 2020. Therefore indicators for capturing and assessing ecosystem services (ES) are needed. In this paper we report for which ES class types currently ES indicators are being developed for Germany in the context of an ongoing research project. Additionally, we provide the indicator specifications, which are based on underlying framework concept. By way of the example of the provisioning service ‘raw wood production’ and the development of the main-indicator ‘annual wood accrual’ and six sub-indicators, we illustrate the concrete procedure, including discussion of results and target values. The indicators for the ES wood provision are not only suitable for an exemplary illustration of procedure, data selection and data basis in Germany. Furthermore, it shows that indicators for provisioning ES can eminently conflict with biodiversity and other ES.

ACS Style

Karsten Grunewald; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli; Gotthard Meinel; Benjamin Richter; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz. Assessment of ecosystem services at the national level in Germany—Illustration of the concept and the development of indicators by way of the example wood provision. Ecological Indicators 2016, 70, 181 -195.

AMA Style

Karsten Grunewald, Hendrik Herold, Stefan Marzelli, Gotthard Meinel, Benjamin Richter, Ralf-Uwe Syrbe, Ulrich Walz. Assessment of ecosystem services at the national level in Germany—Illustration of the concept and the development of indicators by way of the example wood provision. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 70 ():181-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karsten Grunewald; Hendrik Herold; Stefan Marzelli; Gotthard Meinel; Benjamin Richter; Ralf-Uwe Syrbe; Ulrich Walz. 2016. "Assessment of ecosystem services at the national level in Germany—Illustration of the concept and the development of indicators by way of the example wood provision." Ecological Indicators 70, no. : 181-195.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2015 in Ambio
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This paper focusses on a conceptual overview of ways to address a comprehensive analysis of ecosystem services (ES) in a country as large and heterogeneous as Russia. As a first step, a methodology for assessing the services for the federal subjects of Russia was chosen, i.e., its constituent provinces and similar entities, in physical terms. Russia harbors a great diversity of natural conditions and ecosystems which are suppliers of ES, and likewise a variety of the socio-economic conditions that shape the demand for these services and their consumption. The methodological approach described permits several important tasks to be addressed: the evaluation of the degree of satisfaction of people’s needs for ES, the identification of ecological donor and acceptor regions, and zoning of the country’s territory for ES assessment. The next step is to prepare a prototype of a National Report on ES in Russia, for which we are presenting the planned structure.

ACS Style

Elena Bukvareva; Karsten Grunewald; Sergey N. Bobylev; Dimitry G. Zamolodchikov; Alexey V. Zimenko; Olaf Bastian. The current state of knowledge of ecosystems and ecosystem services in Russia: A status report. Ambio 2015, 44, 491 -507.

AMA Style

Elena Bukvareva, Karsten Grunewald, Sergey N. Bobylev, Dimitry G. Zamolodchikov, Alexey V. Zimenko, Olaf Bastian. The current state of knowledge of ecosystems and ecosystem services in Russia: A status report. Ambio. 2015; 44 (6):491-507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Bukvareva; Karsten Grunewald; Sergey N. Bobylev; Dimitry G. Zamolodchikov; Alexey V. Zimenko; Olaf Bastian. 2015. "The current state of knowledge of ecosystems and ecosystem services in Russia: A status report." Ambio 44, no. 6: 491-507.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2015 in Regional Environmental Change
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The concept of ecosystem services (ES) is being increasingly applied in environmental governance and science. To safeguard key ES in changing and complex social–ecological systems such as treeline areas, we need to (1) map key ES in different types of treeline landscapes, (2) identify the stakeholders benefiting from and threatening ES, and (3) examine how ES could be governed more sustainably. We explore these questions in European treeline areas by using quantitative and qualitative social science techniques to analyse responses from a survey of local scientific experts in 20 altitudinal and polar treeline areas in 15 European countries. In contrast to the prevalent consideration of treeline areas as a single type of a social–ecological system, we show that European treeline areas can be divided into two types that significantly differ in the delivery of ES. Our analyses allowed us to categorize stakeholders according to their benefits from and threats to ES; “Green key players” formed the most numerous group, while smaller number of stakeholder groups was categorized as “Harmless crowd”, “Occasional stressors”, and “Risky users”. However, behaviour of stakeholders is very much site-specific. Of 595 pairs of stakeholders analysed, we found

ACS Style

Simo Sarkki; Andrej Ficko; Karsten Grunewald; Maria Nijnik. Benefits from and threats to European treeline ecosystem services: an exploratory study of stakeholders and governance. Regional Environmental Change 2015, 16, 2019 -2032.

AMA Style

Simo Sarkki, Andrej Ficko, Karsten Grunewald, Maria Nijnik. Benefits from and threats to European treeline ecosystem services: an exploratory study of stakeholders and governance. Regional Environmental Change. 2015; 16 (7):2019-2032.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simo Sarkki; Andrej Ficko; Karsten Grunewald; Maria Nijnik. 2015. "Benefits from and threats to European treeline ecosystem services: an exploratory study of stakeholders and governance." Regional Environmental Change 16, no. 7: 2019-2032.