The process of organizational democracy involves a process of associating employees’ participation and satisfaction in business processes, increased innovation, increased stakeholder engagement and ultimately increased organizational performance. Organizations and the people that form the organization adapt democracy to achieve social and economic goals by making use of the blessings of democracy. In this way, they aim to reach their goals and to include all members of the organization in the process while achieving these goals, and to sustain the stability. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the democracy perceptions of blue and white collar employees in the private sector through organizational democracy scales, by using various variables and to contribute to the existing literature. The sample of the study constitutes 209 people, white and blue collar employees at various levels in medium and large scale enterprises in the Manisa Organized Industrial Zone in Turkey. As a result of the study, it is seen that married employees and employees who think that their expertise in the job is good have the power to criticize their businesses and exhibit participation. In addition, it has been concluded that employees that are high school graduates see management fairer in terms of salary than other graduates. Another finding in the study is about the size of the pre-work life centers of the workplace. Perceptions and attitudes of the people living in metropolitan and provincial center metros before work observed that more equality was observed in the workplaces than those living in the district centers.

Generation Y wants to know the reason for everything in their lives, they are curious and most importantly, their characteristic of questioning everything makes them stand out. At the same time, it is hard to influence their characteristic features such as their lack of social skills, little respect for authority, and low level of commitment to their employers when Generation X management tactics are used. The purpose of this study is to better understand Generation Y, to examine their relations with servant leadership practices, and to determine what effects they have on businesses. The field study was made at an established organized industrial zone (OIZ) dating back to 1963. This OIZ is built on an area bigger than 10 million m² and is divided into 5 subzones. It is currently home to 53,500 employees, has a gross foreign trade volume of $7,200,000,000 and is located in the western Aegean Region of Turkey. The data for the study was collected from 248 participants and scales tested for validity and reliability in Turkish. A model was developed using the data and then it was tested using the confirmatory factor analysis method. The study used Structural Equation Model (SEM) to define the causal relationships between latent variables with a model in the analysis of the data and test its compliance. The result of the analysis reveals that dimensions of accountability and forgiveness from servant leadership practices have a statistically significant effect on personal success, whereas empowerment, accountability, and personal success dimensions have statistically significant effects on job satisfaction. Modesty dimension does not have a significant effect on the personal success and job satisfaction and the dimensions of accountability and forgiveness do not have a significant effect on job satisfaction. In addition, empowerment dimension does not have a meaningful effect on personal success. There is need for more studies to support the accuracy of the result for modesty dimension, since it seems like there is no effect on personal success and job satisfaction. This is a pioneer study since it is an empirical one looking at the application of the servant leadership theory on Generation Y employees.

Endüstride çalışan bireylerin her bakımından iyilik halleri sadece çalışanın bireysel yönden kazanımını değil, şirketlerin de etkinliğini ve verimliliğini arttırıcı bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmayı sadece çalışanın sarf ettiği çaba değil, aynı zamanda iş, aile ve sosyal çevresiyle olan etkileşiminin de işgücü performansına etkisi olacağı varsayımına dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, endüstriyel çalışma yaşamı içerisindeki çalışanların, iş yaşam kalite algıları üzerinden yaşanılan problemleri ortaya koyarak, endüstriyel sosyal hizmet alanının, buralardaki gerekliliğini ifade etmektir. Genel olarak yapılan analizler sonucunda, çalışan cinsiyetinin iş yaşam kalitesi alt boyutları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı; eğitimin ve mesleki yeterliliklerin sadece “genel iyilik hali” boyutu üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. İşyerinde pozisyonun iş yaşam kalitesi alt boyutlarından “kararlara katılım ve genel iyilik hali” boyutları üzerinde ve sosyal yaşama zaman ayırma bağımsız değişkenin de iş yaşam kalitesi alt boyutlarından “kararlara katılım, tatmin mutluk ve genel iyilik hali” boyutları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The effective operation of energy markets is essential for maintaining global stability. High oil prices can severely compromise economic growth and drive inflation upward. In recent years, geopolitical conflicts, such as the US-China trade war and the ongoing disputes between Russia and Ukraine, as well as Israel and Iran, have significantly disrupted energy markets. In response to these escalating global tensions, it is crucial to reassess trade policies and the multilateral frameworks that govern them. Geopolitical conflicts often result in trade restrictions, adversely affecting market prices for energy commodities, particularly natural gas, heating oil, and crude oil. This study investigates the impact of trade policy uncertainty (TPU) and geopolitical risks on the volatility of energy commodity markets through a time-varying vector autoregression (TVP-VAR)-based connectedness approach. Our findings indicate that the interconnectedness between energy commodity markets and relevant uncertainty indexes is not static; rather, it exhibits variability in spillover effects across different periods. To mitigate the adverse effects of TPU and geopolitical risks on energy markets, governments should focus on fostering the development of renewable energy sectors. These findings are important for market participants and policymakers in managing the risks posed by trade wars and geopolitical events in the energy sector.

The aim of this study is to examine the historical transformation of the FED from its establishment to the present, its institutional structure, and its decisive influence on the global financial system. In addition, the study analyzes the reflections of the monetary policies implemented by the FED during crisis periods on both the U.S. economy and emerging markets such as Turkey. Accordingly, the results show that the FED’s independent structure and policy cycles play a strong guiding role on global capital flows. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the history of the FED and contributes to the literature by presenting policy implications particularly for developing countries.