Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis, a moderate halophilic bacterium isolated from a pelagic area, can endure higher concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl) than other Jeotgalibacillus type strains. In this study, we therefore chose to sequence and assemble the entire J. malaysiensis genome. This is the first report to provide a detailed analysis of the genomic features of J. malaysiensis, and to perform genetic comparisons between this microorganism and other halophiles. J. malaysiensis encodes a native megaplasmid (pJeoMA), which is greater than 600 kilobases in size, that is absent from other sequenced species of Jeotgalibacillus. Subsequently, RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis was utilised to examine adaptations of J. malaysiensis to osmotic stress. Specifically, the eggNOG (evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) databases were used to elucidate the overall effects of osmotic stress on the organism. Generally, saline stress significantly affected carbohydrate, energy, and amino acid metabolism, as well as fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings also indicate that J. malaysiensis adopted a combination of approaches, including the uptake or synthesis of osmoprotectants, for surviving salt stress. Among these, proline synthesis appeared to be the preferred method for withstanding prolonged osmotic stress in J. malaysiensis.

Inflammation is a physiological reaction of the immune system required to remove the presence of pathogenic germs. Many herbal-derived extracts and phytoconstituents show anti-inflammatory effects. Among these natural phytoconstituents is Ephedra alte (E. alte), which shows pepsin enzyme inhibitory, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. In this work, molecular docking study is conducted on five major human anti-inflammatory cytokines receptors (IL-6, hybrid TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and extracted TLR4) to explore the molecular recognition process and complex ligand-receptor interactions of E. alte phytoconstituents. Human TLR4 receptor has been computationally extracted, for the first time, from the hybrid TLR4 human and VLRB inshore hagfish. Among E. alte phytoconstituents, only β-Sitosterol and Androstan-3-one have better LBE (Lowest Binding Energy) scores with inhibition constant (K _i) values than those of other tested compounds. The β-Sitosterol and Androstan-3-one results indicate that these compounds could be efficient inhibitors of inflammation and reduce the oxidative stress by interfering with the activity of the five studied proteins.

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a method that is both effective and environmentally friendly for producing renewable electricity. Several studies have shown that one of the major challenges is the generation of electrons as a result of poor exploitation of organic substrates. One of the most talked about issues in modern molecular fusion is the reutilization of biological organic waste in an MFC. In this article, the effective utilization of domestic organic waste as an organic supply for bacterial species to generate energy was highlighted. The findings that were obtained corresponded to the one-of-a-kind MFC operation in which a voltage of 110mV was generated in a time span of 12days during operation with an external resistance of 500. With an internal resistance of 117, the maximum power density and the current density were recorded 0.1047mW/m² and 21.84mA/m², respectively. According to the results of the biological study, strains of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter schindleri, and Pseudomonas nitroreducens are the ones responsible for producing energy. In addition, final remarks with proposals for the future have been enclosed.

A Gram-stain-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated D5^T, was isolated from seawater collected from a sandy beach in a southern state of Malaysia and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the genus Jeotgalibacillus, with 99.87 % similarity to Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius JCM 10872^T. DNA–DNA hybridization of strain D5^T with J. alimentarius JCM 10872^T demonstrated 26.3 % relatedness. The peptidoglycan type was A1α linked directly to l-lysine as the diamino acid. The predominant quinones identified in strain D5^T were menaquinones MK-7 and MK-8.The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_15:0. The G+C content of its DNA was 43.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, as well as two unknown phospholipids and three unknown lipids. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data indicated that strain D5^T represents a novel species of the genus Jeotgalibacillus, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain D5^T = DSM 28777^T = KCTC33550^T). An emended description of the genus Jeotgalibacillus is also provided.

Species of Anoxybacillus are thermophiles and, therefore, their enzymes are suitable for many biotechnological applications. Anoxybacillus ayderensis AB04^T (= NCIMB 13972^T = NCCB 100050^T) was isolated from the Ayder hot spring in Rize, Turkey, and is one of the earliest described Anoxybacillus type strains. The present work reports the cellular features of A. ayderensis AB04^T, together with a high-quality draft genome sequence and its annotation. The genome is 2,832,347 bp long (74 contigs) and contains 2,895 protein-coding sequences and 103 RNA genes including 14 rRNAs, 88 tRNAs, and 1 tmRNA. Based on the genome annotation of strain AB04^T, we identified genes encoding various glycoside hydrolases that are important for carbohydrate-related industries, which we compared with those of other, sequenced Anoxybacillus spp. Insights into under-explored industrially applicable enzymes and the possible applications of strain AB04^T were also described.

α-Amylase plays a crucial role in the industrial degradation of starch. The genus Jeotgalibacillus of the underexplored marine bacteria family Caryophanaceae has not been investigated in terms of α-amylase production. Herein, we report the comprehensive analysis of an α-amylase (AmyJM) from Jeotgalibacillus malaysiensis D5^T (= DSM28777^T = KCTC33550^T). Protein phylogenetic analysis indicated that AmyJM belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 5 (GH13_5) and exhibits low sequence identity with known α-amylases, with its closest counterpart being the GH13_5 α-amylase from Bacillus sp. KSM-K38 (51.05% identity). Purified AmyJM (molecular mass of 70 kDa) is stable at a pH range of 5.5–9.0 and optimally active at pH 7.5. The optimum temperature for AmyJM is 40 °C, where the enzyme is reasonably stable at this temperature. Similar to other α-amylases, the presence of CaCl₂ enhanced both the activity and stability of AmyJM. AmyJM exhibited activity toward raw and gelatinized forms of starches and related α-glucans, generating a mixture of reducing sugars, such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose. In raw starch hydrolysis, AmyJM exhibited its highest efficiency (51.10% degradation) in hydrolyzing raw wheat starch after 3-h incubation at 40 °C. Under the same conditions, AmyJM also hydrolyzed tapioca, sago, potato, rice, and corn raw starches, yielding 16.01–30.05%. These findings highlight the potential of AmyJM as a biocatalyst for the saccharification of raw starches, particularly those derived from wheat.