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Natural products have always enjoyed great popularity among consumers. Wild tea is an interesting alternative to tea from intensive plantations. The term “wild tea” is applied to many different varieties of tea, the most desirable and valued of which are native or indigenous tea plants. Special pro-health properties of wild tea are attributed to the natural conditions in which it grows. However, there are no complex studies that describe quality and health indicators of wild tea. The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of wild and cultivated green tea from different regions of China: Wuzhishan, Baisha, Kunlushan, and Pu’Er. The assessment was carried out by verifying the concentration of selected chemical components in tea and relating it to the health risks they may pose, as well as to the nutritional requirements of adults. Wild tea was characterized by higher micronutrient concentration. The analyzed teas can constitute a valuable source of Mn in the diet. A higher concentration of nitrates and oxalates in cultivated tea can be associated with fertilizer use. The analyzed cultivated tea was a better source of antioxidants with a higher concentration of caffeine. There were no indications of health risks for wild or cultivated teas.
Maciej Chowaniak; Marcin Niemiec; Zhiqiang Zhu; Naim Rashidov; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Jakub Sikora; Maciej Kuboń; Salimzoda Fayzullo; Usmon Mahmadyorzoda; Agnieszka Józefowska; Andrzej Lepiarczyk; Florian Gambuś. Quality Assessment of Wild and Cultivated Green Tea from Different Regions of China. Molecules 2021, 26, 3620 .
AMA StyleMaciej Chowaniak, Marcin Niemiec, Zhiqiang Zhu, Naim Rashidov, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Jakub Sikora, Maciej Kuboń, Salimzoda Fayzullo, Usmon Mahmadyorzoda, Agnieszka Józefowska, Andrzej Lepiarczyk, Florian Gambuś. Quality Assessment of Wild and Cultivated Green Tea from Different Regions of China. Molecules. 2021; 26 (12):3620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Chowaniak; Marcin Niemiec; Zhiqiang Zhu; Naim Rashidov; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Jakub Sikora; Maciej Kuboń; Salimzoda Fayzullo; Usmon Mahmadyorzoda; Agnieszka Józefowska; Andrzej Lepiarczyk; Florian Gambuś. 2021. "Quality Assessment of Wild and Cultivated Green Tea from Different Regions of China." Molecules 26, no. 12: 3620.
Amidst the changes and adjustments of the international energy situation, the leading trend is to shift from fossil fuels to low-carbon fuels, and ultimately, to enter the era of sustainable energy, based mainly on renewable energy. The ongoing changes in global security of energy supply and the high volatility of fossil energy prices also stimulate investment in alternative energy sources, making renewable energy sources (RES) one of the rapidly growing elements in the global energy system. This article fills the research gap by analyzing the potential of using renewable energy in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in the years 2015–2018. The authors address the energy potential in the years 2015–2019, and energy consumption in the years 2015–2018 as the potential of RES in the CIS countries was not researched after 2014. Please note that the study covers the CIS countries, along with Georgia and Ukraine, which are no longer formal members of the Community, but have been included for cognitive and comparative purposes. Upon comparing the increase in energy production in the CIS countries to the average increase for the European Union (EU) countries, the value of this increase is observably higher than the average for the EU countries only in Ukraine. However, the average for the entire CIS is much lower than the EU average, therefore in CIS countries, the changes in the volume of RES energy production are varied. In some countries, there is a significant increase in the production of this type of energy (e.g., Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Georgia). However, there are also countries in which the changes are negligible, or which noted significant drops in RES energy production (Uzbekistan, Moldova, Russia, Armenia). The findings contribute to the RES market debate and the international relations theory by comparing political factors with territorial and economic factors.
Maciej Chowaniak; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska; Małgorzata Luc; Marcin Suder; Anna Szeląg-Sikora. The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019. Energies 2021, 14, 1856 .
AMA StyleMaciej Chowaniak, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska, Małgorzata Luc, Marcin Suder, Anna Szeląg-Sikora. The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019. Energies. 2021; 14 (7):1856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Chowaniak; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Karolina Kotulewicz-Wisińska; Małgorzata Luc; Marcin Suder; Anna Szeląg-Sikora. 2021. "The RES in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Potential and Production from 2015 to 2019." Energies 14, no. 7: 1856.
Cultivation of spring cereal mixtures (SCMs) is one of the ways to increase the yield of crops in mountainous areas of Poland. There are only a few current long-term studies on this topic. Our study aimed at analyzing yield and competitiveness as well as the economic indicators of spring cereals in pure or mixed sowings in integrated or organic crop rotations over nine years. A field experiment including pure sowings of oats, spring barley, or spring triticale and their two-component SCMs, each in two systems, organic and integrated crop rotation, was carried out in the Mountainous Experimental Station in Czyrna, Poland, in the years 2011–2019. On average, cereals in the pure sowings and mixtures yielded 18% lower in the organic rotations compared with the integrated ones. However, SCMs yielded higher than the pure sowings, and displayed a higher leaf area index and land equivalent ratio. The average gross margin without subsidies was almost two times higher in the organic crop rotations than in the integrated ones, which was influenced mainly by the cultivation of barley in pure sowing. Summing up, the cultivation of SCMs in the mountainous areas of southern Poland is advised because of both productive and economic factors.
Kazimierz Klima; Agnieszka Synowiec; Joanna Puła; Maciej Chowaniak; Katarzyna Pużyńska; Dorota Gala-Czekaj; Angelika Kliszcz; Patryk Galbas; Beata Jop; Teresa Dąbkowska; Andrzej Lepiarczyk. Long-Term Productive, Competitive, and Economic Aspects of Spring Cereal Mixtures in Integrated and Organic Crop Rotations. Agriculture 2020, 10, 231 .
AMA StyleKazimierz Klima, Agnieszka Synowiec, Joanna Puła, Maciej Chowaniak, Katarzyna Pużyńska, Dorota Gala-Czekaj, Angelika Kliszcz, Patryk Galbas, Beata Jop, Teresa Dąbkowska, Andrzej Lepiarczyk. Long-Term Productive, Competitive, and Economic Aspects of Spring Cereal Mixtures in Integrated and Organic Crop Rotations. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (6):231.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKazimierz Klima; Agnieszka Synowiec; Joanna Puła; Maciej Chowaniak; Katarzyna Pużyńska; Dorota Gala-Czekaj; Angelika Kliszcz; Patryk Galbas; Beata Jop; Teresa Dąbkowska; Andrzej Lepiarczyk. 2020. "Long-Term Productive, Competitive, and Economic Aspects of Spring Cereal Mixtures in Integrated and Organic Crop Rotations." Agriculture 10, no. 6: 231.
Northern Tajikistan creates favorable conditions for growing grapes due to its climate. The choice of method of grape production to ensure a high-quality yield, while reducing the negative effects of such production on the environment, poses a serious challenge to implementation regarding the principles of sustainable production. In addition to the essential techniques associated with grapevine production, such as irrigation, fertilization, and plant protection, a training system plays a significant role. The objective of this research was to evaluate the environmental efficiency of vineyard training systems in northern Tajikistan. The indicators accepted for the evaluation process were the vegetative growth of plants, yield, and environmental pressure of production expressed by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The single-factor experiment was conducted in Ghafurov District, and the following training systems were used: (A) multi-arm fan; (B) Umbrella Kniffin; (C) one-side multi-arm, paired planting. Growth parameters, yield, yield quality, and GHG emissions were evaluated. The cultivation of grapes in training system “C” resulted in higher values of parameters such as Practical Bud Fertility coefficient and fruiting shoots pcs and higher yields. The training systems were ranked according to GHG emissions per yield unit in the following order, from lower to higher emissions: C < B < A.
Maciej Chowaniak; Naim Rashidov; Marcin Niemiec; Florian Gambuś; Andrzej Lepiarczyk. The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleMaciej Chowaniak, Naim Rashidov, Marcin Niemiec, Florian Gambuś, Andrzej Lepiarczyk. The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (6):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Chowaniak; Naim Rashidov; Marcin Niemiec; Florian Gambuś; Andrzej Lepiarczyk. 2020. "The Impact of Training Systems on Productivity and GHG Emissions from Grapevines in the Sughd Region in Northern Tajikistan." Agronomy 10, no. 6: 1.
Proper management of soil organic matter is an important issue in the context of sustainable agriculture. The intensification of production and the loss of organic carbon associated with agriculture reduce the efficiency of production and the quality of the environment, especially in relation to areas exposed to erosion. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of specific tillage systems and plant cover on the organic carbon losses, as well as on runoff and soil losses, over a six‐year study period following the introduction of no‐till. The first factor in the experiment was the tillage system: conventional tillage (CT) and no‐till (NT). The second factor was plant cover: horse bean, spring wheat, and winter oilseed rape. The results showed that runoff was 4.3±0.6% higher under NT than under CT, while soil loss was 66.8±2.7% lower under NT than under CT. Compared to CT, NT limited the total organic carbon losses by an average of 46.0±2.9% and organic carbon bound with sediment losses by 53.2±0.7%, whereas for dissolved organic carbon there were no significant differences for the tillage systems. The anti‐erosion effectiveness of NT was lower in the first year, but it increased in subsequent years after the introduction of this tillage system. Plant cover also had a significant impact on organic carbon losses and soil protection. The crops were ranked according to runoff, soil losses and organic carbon losses in the following order from lower to higher losses: winter oilseed rape > spring wheat > horse bean.
Maciej Chowaniak; Tomasz Głąb; Kazimierz Klima; Marcin Niemiec; Tomasz Zaleski; Dagmara Zuzek. Effect of tillage and crop management on runoff, soil erosion and organic carbon loss. Soil Use and Management 2020, 36, 581 -593.
AMA StyleMaciej Chowaniak, Tomasz Głąb, Kazimierz Klima, Marcin Niemiec, Tomasz Zaleski, Dagmara Zuzek. Effect of tillage and crop management on runoff, soil erosion and organic carbon loss. Soil Use and Management. 2020; 36 (4):581-593.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Chowaniak; Tomasz Głąb; Kazimierz Klima; Marcin Niemiec; Tomasz Zaleski; Dagmara Zuzek. 2020. "Effect of tillage and crop management on runoff, soil erosion and organic carbon loss." Soil Use and Management 36, no. 4: 581-593.
The goal of organic farming with respect to plant production is to create high-quality products while minimizing human impacts. The aim of this paper was to assess soil properties in selected organic farms in terms of the achievement of general and specific objectives of organic farming. Fifty five (55) organic farms were selected for the research; twenty five (25) of those farms additionally had conventional animal production with cattle breeding. Soil samples were collected from each farm and, the following parameters, deciding about the suitability for agriculture were determined: pH, content of organic carbon, available phosphorus and potassium, mineral nitrogen, and Total nitrogen content. The content of available phosphorus and mineral nitrogen was very low or low in most of the studied soils, which can lead to disturbance of homeostasis of agroecosystems. Potassium content in these soils was high. The properties of the studied soils indicate a high risk of chemical and biological degradation. Without implementing actions that control the pH and increase the content of nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the degradation will increase. Soil properties in the group of farms with animal production were more beneficial from the point of view of crop production, compared with farms that do not breed animals.
Marcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak; Jakub Sikora; Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Monika Komorowska. Selected Properties of Soils for Long-Term Use in Organic Farming. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2509 .
AMA StyleMarcin Niemiec, Maciej Chowaniak, Jakub Sikora, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Monika Komorowska. Selected Properties of Soils for Long-Term Use in Organic Farming. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2509.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak; Jakub Sikora; Anna Szeląg-Sikora; Zofia Gródek-Szostak; Monika Komorowska. 2020. "Selected Properties of Soils for Long-Term Use in Organic Farming." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2509.
The aim of the paper was to assess the efficiency of using fertilizer produced from FGD gypsum and fluidized bed combustion ashes (as combustion by-products at coal power plants) in crop production. The scope of work included laboratory analyses to examine the material for the content of macro- and microelements, and a vegetation experiment to determine its effect on the amount and quality of spring wheat yield and spring rape yield. Moreover, the study determined the impact of the analyzed material on selected physicochemical and chemical properties of soil. The research goal was accomplished through a vegetation experiment conducted in 2016 on brown soil made of loess. The experiment comprised five treatments which were repeated four times for each cultivated plant. The test plants included spring wheat cv. Monsun and spring rape cv. Belinda. The experiment scheme included the following treatments: control treatment I—without fertilization, II—with mineral fertilization, and three treatments with different levels of the fertilizer and a constant level of NPK fertilization. Calcium content in the investigated product was at the level of 34.2% CaO, sulfur—23.8% SO3, and iron—1.1%. The heavy metal content was below critical values for fertilizers or plant growth promoters specified in the Polish Act of 10 July 2007 on fertilizers and fertilization. The test results did not show any effects of the investigated product on soil reaction or on the content of available forms of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and total content of nitrogen and carbon. However, in the treatments where the analyzed material was applied, we found an over three times higher sulfate sulfur content in the soil compared to the control treatment I and II. The investigated material did not influence the amount of plant yield. In the treatments with successive levels of the mixture of FGD gypsum and fluidized bed combustion ashes, we found a 20% increase in sulfur content in the wheat grain compared to the control treatments. In the case of rape, we found a 40% increase in sulfur content. The obtained results showed great fertilizing potential of the examined coal combustion by-products.
Łukasz Paluch; Marcin Niemiec; Krzysztof Mudryk; Maciej Chowaniak; Monika Komorowska. The Use of Fertilizer Produced from Coal Combustion By-Products as a Part of Sustainable Management of Waste Materials. Springer Proceedings in Energy 2019, 311 -322.
AMA StyleŁukasz Paluch, Marcin Niemiec, Krzysztof Mudryk, Maciej Chowaniak, Monika Komorowska. The Use of Fertilizer Produced from Coal Combustion By-Products as a Part of Sustainable Management of Waste Materials. Springer Proceedings in Energy. 2019; ():311-322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁukasz Paluch; Marcin Niemiec; Krzysztof Mudryk; Maciej Chowaniak; Monika Komorowska. 2019. "The Use of Fertilizer Produced from Coal Combustion By-Products as a Part of Sustainable Management of Waste Materials." Springer Proceedings in Energy , no. : 311-322.
Limited fertilization, often forced by conducting an organic farming production, may lead to deficiency of some elements in soil. This may translate into a decrease in the quantity and quality of crop yields. The aim of the research was to assess the quality of sward from organic farms in the context of using the sward for feed purposes. 55 organic farms were analyzed (25 additionally conduct conventional animal production). Samples of mixed grasses and small-seed legumes were collected from each farm. After mineralization, content of heavy metals was determined in the plant material by ICP-OES method. The content of zinc in the samples was generally too low, also the copper content in some of the samples was too low for using the biomass for feed purposes. A very high content of iron and manganese was observed in almost all of the samples. Mean iron content in the samples was approximately 8 times higher, and manganese – approximately 3 times higher than the optimum content in fodder. A high content of Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni was not observed. The sward from the animal production farms had a lower mean content of zinc and lead than the sward from the farms without animals; the differences in the content of other analyzed elements were not statistically significant. Feeding animals exclusively with roughage obtained from the studied farms could pose a risk to the animal health and decrease animal productivity.
Marcin Niemiec; Monika Tabak; Jakub Sikora; Maciej Chowaniak; Monika Komorowska; Barbara Filipek-Mazur. Content of Heavy Metals in Fodder from Sward of Grasses and Legumes from Selected Organic Farms in Poland as a Criterion of Fodder Quality. Infrastructure and Environment 2019, 243 -251.
AMA StyleMarcin Niemiec, Monika Tabak, Jakub Sikora, Maciej Chowaniak, Monika Komorowska, Barbara Filipek-Mazur. Content of Heavy Metals in Fodder from Sward of Grasses and Legumes from Selected Organic Farms in Poland as a Criterion of Fodder Quality. Infrastructure and Environment. 2019; ():243-251.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Niemiec; Monika Tabak; Jakub Sikora; Maciej Chowaniak; Monika Komorowska; Barbara Filipek-Mazur. 2019. "Content of Heavy Metals in Fodder from Sward of Grasses and Legumes from Selected Organic Farms in Poland as a Criterion of Fodder Quality." Infrastructure and Environment , no. : 243-251.
Marcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak; Łukasz Paluch. Bioconcentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in Lactarius salmonicolor in the Western Carpathians. Journal of Elementology 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleMarcin Niemiec, Maciej Chowaniak, Łukasz Paluch. Bioconcentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in Lactarius salmonicolor in the Western Carpathians. Journal of Elementology. 2012; (4/2017):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak; Łukasz Paluch. 2012. "Bioconcentration of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in Lactarius salmonicolor in the Western Carpathians." Journal of Elementology , no. 4/2017: 1.
Łukasz Paluch; Marcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak. Accumulation of chromium, aluminum, barium and arsenic in selected elements of a forest ecosystem in the Przedbabiogórskie Mountain Range in the Western Carpathians. Journal of Elementology 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleŁukasz Paluch, Marcin Niemiec, Maciej Chowaniak. Accumulation of chromium, aluminum, barium and arsenic in selected elements of a forest ecosystem in the Przedbabiogórskie Mountain Range in the Western Carpathians. Journal of Elementology. 2012; (3/2017):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleŁukasz Paluch; Marcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak. 2012. "Accumulation of chromium, aluminum, barium and arsenic in selected elements of a forest ecosystem in the Przedbabiogórskie Mountain Range in the Western Carpathians." Journal of Elementology , no. 3/2017: 1.
Marcin Niemiec; Kazimierz Klima; Maciej Chowaniak. Impact of slope gradient, tillage system, and plant cover on soil losses of calcium and magnesium. Journal of Elementology 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleMarcin Niemiec, Kazimierz Klima, Maciej Chowaniak. Impact of slope gradient, tillage system, and plant cover on soil losses of calcium and magnesium. Journal of Elementology. 2012; (2/2016):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Niemiec; Kazimierz Klima; Maciej Chowaniak. 2012. "Impact of slope gradient, tillage system, and plant cover on soil losses of calcium and magnesium." Journal of Elementology , no. 2/2016: 1.
Marcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak; Natalya Kuzminova. Bioaccumulation of Na, Mg, Ca, K, and P in fish larvae of the genus Atherina L. collected in three bays in the region of Sevastopol. Journal of Elementology 2012, 1 .
AMA StyleMarcin Niemiec, Maciej Chowaniak, Natalya Kuzminova. Bioaccumulation of Na, Mg, Ca, K, and P in fish larvae of the genus Atherina L. collected in three bays in the region of Sevastopol. Journal of Elementology. 2012; (3/2016):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcin Niemiec; Maciej Chowaniak; Natalya Kuzminova. 2012. "Bioaccumulation of Na, Mg, Ca, K, and P in fish larvae of the genus Atherina L. collected in three bays in the region of Sevastopol." Journal of Elementology , no. 3/2016: 1.
Maciej Chowaniak; Kazimierz Klima; Andrzej Lepiarczyk; Elżbieta Boligłowa. Soil protective efficiency of organic cultivation of cereals. Journal of Elementology 1970, 1 .
AMA StyleMaciej Chowaniak, Kazimierz Klima, Andrzej Lepiarczyk, Elżbieta Boligłowa. Soil protective efficiency of organic cultivation of cereals. Journal of Elementology. 1970; (1/2019):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaciej Chowaniak; Kazimierz Klima; Andrzej Lepiarczyk; Elżbieta Boligłowa. 1970. "Soil protective efficiency of organic cultivation of cereals." Journal of Elementology , no. 1/2019: 1.