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Five municipalities in El Bajío present the highest industrial investments: Celaya, Irapuato, León, Salamanca, and Silao. Public and private investments, further to the support received from the government, have been decisive to industrialize the zone. The official discourse to encourage these activities has emphasized the economic and social benefits for inhabitants, the decrease in the use of water volumes, and the consequent improvement of water sources in each region. The main objective of the present work is to present a global industrial impact index to evaluate the industrial impact on water management by analyzing the evolution of some parameters regarding the official data available, in order to determine whether the industry has a positive outcome on the environmental, social, economic and hydrological aspects. For this study, we use Fuzzy Logic (FL) to complete a previous study, which was conducted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A combination of both approaches is used to define the global impact of industrialization, and the results obtained show that the benefits claimed by governmental policies are not being achieved. The use of this proposed index may guide the decision-making processes to encourage water sustainability.
Horacio Flores Casamayor; Jorge Morales Martínez; Jesús Mora-Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván. Assessing Industrial Impact on Water Sustainability in El Bajío, Guanajuato State, Mexico. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6161 .
AMA StyleHoracio Flores Casamayor, Jorge Morales Martínez, Jesús Mora-Rodríguez, Xitlali Delgado-Galván. Assessing Industrial Impact on Water Sustainability in El Bajío, Guanajuato State, Mexico. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHoracio Flores Casamayor; Jorge Morales Martínez; Jesús Mora-Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván. 2021. "Assessing Industrial Impact on Water Sustainability in El Bajío, Guanajuato State, Mexico." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6161.
In Water Distribution Networks (WDN), the water quality could become vulnerable due to several operational and temporal factors. Epanet is a hydraulic and water quality simulation software, widely used, to preserve the control of chemical disinfectants in WDN among other capabilities. Several researchers have shown that the flow mixing at Cross-Junctions (CJs) is not complete as Epanet assumes for the cases of two contiguous inlets and outlets. This paper presents a methodology to obtain the outlet concentrations in CJs based on experimental scenarios and a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. In this work, the results show that the Incomplete Mixing Model (IMM) based on polynomial equations, represents in a better way the experimental scenarios. Therefore, the distribution of the concentration could be in different proportions in some sectors of the network. Some comparisons were made with the complete mixing model and the Epanet-Bulk Advective Mixing (BAM), obtaining relative errors of 90% in some CJs.
Daniel Hernández Cervantes; P. López-Jiménez; José Nevárez; Xitlali Delgado Galván; Martín Jiménez Magaña; Modesto Pérez-Sánchez; José De Jesús Mora Rodríguez. Incomplete Mixing Model at Cross-Junctions in Epanet by Polynomial Equations. Water 2021, 13, 453 .
AMA StyleDaniel Hernández Cervantes, P. López-Jiménez, José Nevárez, Xitlali Delgado Galván, Martín Jiménez Magaña, Modesto Pérez-Sánchez, José De Jesús Mora Rodríguez. Incomplete Mixing Model at Cross-Junctions in Epanet by Polynomial Equations. Water. 2021; 13 (4):453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Hernández Cervantes; P. López-Jiménez; José Nevárez; Xitlali Delgado Galván; Martín Jiménez Magaña; Modesto Pérez-Sánchez; José De Jesús Mora Rodríguez. 2021. "Incomplete Mixing Model at Cross-Junctions in Epanet by Polynomial Equations." Water 13, no. 4: 453.
In Water Distribution Networks, the chlorine control is feasible with the use of water quality simulation codes. EPANET is a broad domain software and several commercial computer software packages base their models on its methodology. However, EPANET assumes that the solute mixing at cross-junctions is “complete and instantaneous”. Several authors have questioned this model. In this paper, experimental tests are developed while using Copper Sulphate as tracer at different operating conditions, like those of real water distribution networks, in order to obtain the Residence Time Distribution and its behavior in the mixing as a novel analysis for the cross-junctions. Validation tests are developed in Computational Fluid Dynamics, following the k-ε turbulence model. It is verified that the mixing phenomenon is dominated by convection, analyzing variation of Turbulent Schmidt Number vs. experimental tests. Having more accurate mixing models will improve the water quality simulations to have an appropriate control for chlorine and possible contaminants in water distribution networks.
Daniel Hernández-Cervantes; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; José L. Nava; P. Amparo López-Jiménez; Mario Rosales; Jesús Mora Rodríguez. Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for a Novel Residence Time Distribution Analysis in Mixing at Cross-Junctions. Water 2018, 10, 733 .
AMA StyleDaniel Hernández-Cervantes, Xitlali Delgado-Galván, José L. Nava, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, Mario Rosales, Jesús Mora Rodríguez. Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for a Novel Residence Time Distribution Analysis in Mixing at Cross-Junctions. Water. 2018; 10 (6):733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Hernández-Cervantes; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; José L. Nava; P. Amparo López-Jiménez; Mario Rosales; Jesús Mora Rodríguez. 2018. "Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for a Novel Residence Time Distribution Analysis in Mixing at Cross-Junctions." Water 10, no. 6: 733.
Decision making (DM) processes are becoming increasingly complex. The reasons are manifold. DM usually involves many aspects; some are purely technical, while others are subjective and derived from social, political, and environmental factors, among others. As a result, they involve items that are not easily comparable under the same units of measurement. Problems are made even more complex by the fact that current governance processes tend to involve all the stakeholders in the DM process.In this paper we consider the AHP methodology (analytic hierarchy process), which is used to build consistent aggregate results from data provided by decision makers. As some of the actors involved may not be completely familiar with all the criteria under consideration, it is common that the body of opinion, expressed in terms of pairwise comparison, is incomplete. To overcome this weakness, we propose a framework that enables users to provide data on their preferences in a partial and/or incomplete way and at different times. This article is an advance towards a dynamic model of AHP. The authors have addressed the problem of adding a new criterion or deleting obsolete criteria. Here, we address the consistent completion of a reciprocal matrix as a mechanism to obtain a consistent body of opinion issued in an incomplete manner by a specific actor. This feature is incorporated into a process of linearization previously introduced by the authors, which is concisely presented. Finally, we provide an application for leakage control in a water supply company. The adoption of suitable control leakage policies in water supply is a problem of enormous interest in the water industry, particularly in urban hydraulics.
J. Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; J. Izquierdo; R. Pérez-García. Consistent completion of incomplete judgments in decision making using AHP. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2015, 290, 412 -422.
AMA StyleJ. Benítez, X. Delgado-Galván, J. Izquierdo, R. Pérez-García. Consistent completion of incomplete judgments in decision making using AHP. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 2015; 290 ():412-422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; J. Izquierdo; R. Pérez-García. 2015. "Consistent completion of incomplete judgments in decision making using AHP." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 290, no. : 412-422.
Water distribution networks (WDNs) could present problems of pathogen intrusion that affect the health of consumers. One solution to diminish this risk is to add more disinfectant to the water at the drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). However, this increases the cost of water treatment and may also cause the formation of trihalomethanes. Mexico has the largest bottled water market in the world. Also, most houses are built with individual storage containers due to intermittent service, which generates a greater residence time of the water before use. This paper shows an alternative to guarantee minimum disinfection along WDNs and diminish the use of disinfectant at the DWTP considering the conditions of water consumption and use in Mexico. We propose a model based on Genetic Algorithms to obtain scenarios where free chlorine is maintained at the minimum permissible concentration throughout the day. In addition, Water Managers could optimize the use of disinfectant by implementing booster chlorination stations (BCSs). The results show that chlorine use could be reduced by 38%, therefore guaranteeing the chlorine concentration limits along the WDN.
Daniel Hernández Cervantes; Jesús Mora Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado Galván; Josefina Ortiz Medel; Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña. Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico. Water Supply 2015, 16, 493 -505.
AMA StyleDaniel Hernández Cervantes, Jesús Mora Rodríguez, Xitlali Delgado Galván, Josefina Ortiz Medel, Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña. Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico. Water Supply. 2015; 16 (2):493-505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Hernández Cervantes; Jesús Mora Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado Galván; Josefina Ortiz Medel; Martín Rubén Jiménez Magaña. 2015. "Optimal use of chlorine in water distribution networks based on specific locations of booster chlorination: analyzing conditions in Mexico." Water Supply 16, no. 2: 493-505.
Pathogen intrusion may occur in water pipes when negative pressures allow external flows to enter through failures or leaks and then mix with safe water. Based on the Fixed and Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) theory and the orifice equations, an analysis is proposed to estimate the intrusion flow across defects in pipes considering different types of failure. The equivalent diameter of different round hole failures was considered in order to obtain the dimensions of the split failures that presented the same pressure drop. In addition, experimental scenarios were made with external porous media to model the intrusion flow in buried pipes. An inverse method for the orifice equation is proposed to obtain the intrusion flows generated by the variations of two section failures produced by the pressure drop inside the pipe. The orifice equation properly represents the intrusion flow by adjusting the discharge coefficient. Furthermore, the considerable variations in the failures area with negative pressures should be taken into consideration in the expressions that estimate the intrusion flow.
Jesús Mora-Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Josefina Ortiz-Medel; Helena M. Ramos; Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel; P. Amparo López-Jiménez. Pathogen intrusion flows in water distribution systems: according to orifice equations. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 2015, 64, 857 -869.
AMA StyleJesús Mora-Rodríguez, Xitlali Delgado-Galván, Josefina Ortiz-Medel, Helena M. Ramos, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel, P. Amparo López-Jiménez. Pathogen intrusion flows in water distribution systems: according to orifice equations. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua. 2015; 64 (8):857-869.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Mora-Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Josefina Ortiz-Medel; Helena M. Ramos; Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel; P. Amparo López-Jiménez. 2015. "Pathogen intrusion flows in water distribution systems: according to orifice equations." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 64, no. 8: 857-869.
X. Delgado-Galván; Joaquín Izquierdo; Julio Benítez; R. Pérez-García. Joint stakeholder decision-making on the management of the Silao–Romita aquifer using AHP. Environmental Modelling & Software 2014, 51, 310 -322.
AMA StyleX. Delgado-Galván, Joaquín Izquierdo, Julio Benítez, R. Pérez-García. Joint stakeholder decision-making on the management of the Silao–Romita aquifer using AHP. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2014; 51 ():310-322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleX. Delgado-Galván; Joaquín Izquierdo; Julio Benítez; R. Pérez-García. 2014. "Joint stakeholder decision-making on the management of the Silao–Romita aquifer using AHP." Environmental Modelling & Software 51, no. : 310-322.
Most leak management methods are focused on quantifying water losses, directly related to energy and resource waste. In this research work, a comprehensive review on relationship and modelling between pipe leaks, materials, and type of failures is presented. Information necessary to study the main defects of pipe materials has been compiled and the different causes of pipe failures were reviewed and analysed. As a result, types of failures were identified depending on the pipe surrounding, pipe material and mechanisms and stresses that support the pipes. A deep focus of the leak problem is presented, analysing intrusion flows and the related pressure variation using the volume through simple orifices with fixed and variable discharge area: Fixed And Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD theory). Finally, a new relationship is proposed between pipe defects and discharge coefficients, depending on the flow through failures (induced by leaks or intrusions).
Jesús Mora-Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Helena M. Ramos; P. Amparo López-Jiménez. An overview of leaks and intrusion for different pipe materials and failures. Urban Water Journal 2013, 11, 1 -10.
AMA StyleJesús Mora-Rodríguez, Xitlali Delgado-Galván, Helena M. Ramos, P. Amparo López-Jiménez. An overview of leaks and intrusion for different pipe materials and failures. Urban Water Journal. 2013; 11 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Mora-Rodríguez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Helena M. Ramos; P. Amparo López-Jiménez. 2013. "An overview of leaks and intrusion for different pipe materials and failures." Urban Water Journal 11, no. 1: 1-10.
J. Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; J. Izquierdo; R. Pérez-García. Improving consistency in AHP decision-making processes. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2012, 219, 2432 -2441.
AMA StyleJ. Benítez, X. Delgado-Galván, J. Izquierdo, R. Pérez-García. Improving consistency in AHP decision-making processes. Applied Mathematics and Computation. 2012; 219 (5):2432-2441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; J. Izquierdo; R. Pérez-García. 2012. "Improving consistency in AHP decision-making processes." Applied Mathematics and Computation 219, no. 5: 2432-2441.
Julio Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; Joaquín Izquierdo; R. Pérez-García. An approach to AHP decision in a dynamic context. Decision Support Systems 2012, 53, 499 -506.
AMA StyleJulio Benítez, X. Delgado-Galván, Joaquín Izquierdo, R. Pérez-García. An approach to AHP decision in a dynamic context. Decision Support Systems. 2012; 53 (3):499-506.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulio Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; Joaquín Izquierdo; R. Pérez-García. 2012. "An approach to AHP decision in a dynamic context." Decision Support Systems 53, no. 3: 499-506.
J. Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; J.A. Gutiérrez; J. Izquierdo. Balancing consistency and expert judgment in AHP. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2011, 54, 1785 -1790.
AMA StyleJ. Benítez, X. Delgado-Galván, J.A. Gutiérrez, J. Izquierdo. Balancing consistency and expert judgment in AHP. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 2011; 54 (7-8):1785-1790.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Benítez; X. Delgado-Galván; J.A. Gutiérrez; J. Izquierdo. 2011. "Balancing consistency and expert judgment in AHP." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 54, no. 7-8: 1785-1790.
Matrices used in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) compile expert knowledge as pairwise comparisons among various criteria and alternatives in decision-making problems. Many items are usually considered in the same comparison process and so judgment is not completely consistent – and sometimes the level of consistency may be unacceptable. Different methods have been used in the literature to achieve consistency for an inconsistent matrix. In this paper we use a linearization technique that provides the closest consistent matrix to a given inconsistent matrix using orthogonal projection in a linear space. As a result, consistency can be achieved in a closed form. This is simpler and cheaper than for methods relying on optimisation, which are iterative by nature. We apply the process to a real-world decision-making problem in an important industrial context, namely, management of water supply systems regarding leakage policies – an aspect of water management to which great sums of money are devoted every year worldwide.
Julio Benítez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Joaquín Izquierdo; Rafael Pérez-García. Achieving matrix consistency in AHP through linearization. Applied Mathematical Modelling 2011, 35, 4449 -4457.
AMA StyleJulio Benítez, Xitlali Delgado-Galván, Joaquín Izquierdo, Rafael Pérez-García. Achieving matrix consistency in AHP through linearization. Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2011; 35 (9):4449-4457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulio Benítez; Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Joaquín Izquierdo; Rafael Pérez-García. 2011. "Achieving matrix consistency in AHP through linearization." Applied Mathematical Modelling 35, no. 9: 4449-4457.
Xitlali Delgado-Galván; Rafael Pérez-García; Joaquín Izquierdo; Jesús Mora-Rodríguez. An analytic hierarchy process for assessing externalities in water leakage management. Mathematical and Computer Modelling 2010, 52, 1194 -1202.
AMA StyleXitlali Delgado-Galván, Rafael Pérez-García, Joaquín Izquierdo, Jesús Mora-Rodríguez. An analytic hierarchy process for assessing externalities in water leakage management. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 2010; 52 (7-8):1194-1202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXitlali Delgado-Galván; Rafael Pérez-García; Joaquín Izquierdo; Jesús Mora-Rodríguez. 2010. "An analytic hierarchy process for assessing externalities in water leakage management." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 52, no. 7-8: 1194-1202.
J. Benitez; X. Delgado-Galván; J. Izquierdo; R. Perez-Garcia. Consistent Matrices and Consistency Improvement in Decision-Making Processes. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology 2010, 1 .
AMA StyleJ. Benitez, X. Delgado-Galván, J. Izquierdo, R. Perez-Garcia. Consistent Matrices and Consistency Improvement in Decision-Making Processes. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology. 2010; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Benitez; X. Delgado-Galván; J. Izquierdo; R. Perez-Garcia. 2010. "Consistent Matrices and Consistency Improvement in Decision-Making Processes." Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology , no. : 1.
Jesús Mora-Rodríguez; P. Amparo López-Jiménez; Francisco García-Mares; Xitlali Delgado-Galván. CFD model of flow intrusion through a failure inside a pipe caused by negative pressure. Environmental Hydraulics - Theoretical, Experimental and Computational Solutions 2009, 65 -69.
AMA StyleJesús Mora-Rodríguez, P. Amparo López-Jiménez, Francisco García-Mares, Xitlali Delgado-Galván. CFD model of flow intrusion through a failure inside a pipe caused by negative pressure. Environmental Hydraulics - Theoretical, Experimental and Computational Solutions. 2009; ():65-69.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Mora-Rodríguez; P. Amparo López-Jiménez; Francisco García-Mares; Xitlali Delgado-Galván. 2009. "CFD model of flow intrusion through a failure inside a pipe caused by negative pressure." Environmental Hydraulics - Theoretical, Experimental and Computational Solutions , no. : 65-69.