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Volkan Filiz
Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany

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Research article
Published: 22 December 2020 in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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The current study summarizes the findings of single-gas transport performances of mixed matrix thin-film composite membranes consisting of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporated into a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1). Mg-MOF-74, MIL-53, TIFSIX-3, and Zn2(bim)4 were investigated as stand-alone materials and as incorporated into the PIM-1 polymer matrix serving as a selective layer of thin-film composite membranes by various methods: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of MOF loading and nature on the mixed-matrix membrane morphology and operation were analyzed by varying the MOF content in the polymer matrix from 2 to 10 wt % with respect to the dry polymer weight. The results show that the incorporation of MOFs into the PIM-1 polymer matrix boosts the permeance and selectivity of H2 and O2 over N2, and the prepared PIM-1/TIFSIX_4 mixed matrix membrane shows better separation performance for CO2/CH4 than pure PIM-1. Such membranes can be good candidates for ammonia purge gas, oxygen enrichment, and acid gas treatment applications.

ACS Style

Elvin Aliyev; Jan Warfsmann; Begum Tokay; Sergey Shishatskiy; Young-Joo Lee; Jelena Lillepaerg; Neil R. Champness; Volkan Filiz. Gas Transport Properties of the Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Assisted Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Thin-Film Composite Membranes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2020, 9, 684 -694.

AMA Style

Elvin Aliyev, Jan Warfsmann, Begum Tokay, Sergey Shishatskiy, Young-Joo Lee, Jelena Lillepaerg, Neil R. Champness, Volkan Filiz. Gas Transport Properties of the Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Assisted Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Thin-Film Composite Membranes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2020; 9 (2):684-694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elvin Aliyev; Jan Warfsmann; Begum Tokay; Sergey Shishatskiy; Young-Joo Lee; Jelena Lillepaerg; Neil R. Champness; Volkan Filiz. 2020. "Gas Transport Properties of the Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Assisted Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) Thin-Film Composite Membranes." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 9, no. 2: 684-694.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Membranes
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Isoporous membranes can be prepared by a combination of self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers and the non-solvent induced phase separation process. As the general doctor-blade technique suffers from high consumption of expensive block copolymer, other methods to reduce its concentration in the casting solution are sought after. Decreasing the block copolymer concentration during membrane casting and applying the block copolymer solution on a support membrane to obtain ultrathin isoporous membrane layers with e.g., spraying techniques, can be an answer. In this work we focused on the question if upscaling of thin block copolymer membranes produced by spraying techniques is feasible. To upscale the spray coating process, three different approaches were pursued, namely air-brush, 1-fluid nozzles and 2-fluid nozzles as generally used in the coating industry. The different spraying systems were implemented successfully in a membrane casting machine. Thinking about future development of isoporous block copolymer membranes in application it was significant that a continuous preparation process can be realised combining spraying of thin layers and immersion of the thin block copolymer layers in water to ensure phase-separation. The system was tested using a solution of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer. A detailed examination of the spray pattern and its homogeneity was carried out. The limitations of this method are discussed.

ACS Style

Thomas Bucher; Juliana Isabel Clodt; Clarissa Abetz; Barbara Bajer; Volkan Filiz. Spraying of Ultrathin Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes–A Story About Challenges and Limitations. Membranes 2020, 10, 404 .

AMA Style

Thomas Bucher, Juliana Isabel Clodt, Clarissa Abetz, Barbara Bajer, Volkan Filiz. Spraying of Ultrathin Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes–A Story About Challenges and Limitations. Membranes. 2020; 10 (12):404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Bucher; Juliana Isabel Clodt; Clarissa Abetz; Barbara Bajer; Volkan Filiz. 2020. "Spraying of Ultrathin Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes–A Story About Challenges and Limitations." Membranes 10, no. 12: 404.

Full paper
Published: 09 August 2020 in Advanced Materials Interfaces
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Graphene oxide is functionalized with poly(2‐diethylaminoethyl) methacrylate (PDEAEMA), and the resulting material is used as a selective layer of a thin‐film composite membrane (TFCM). The polymer synthesis is carried out by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) from bulk and also from single‐layer graphene oxide (GO). The polymer brushes synthesized by the “grafting from” method are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and TGA‐FTIR. The TFCMs are prepared by the deposition of the selective layer from a stable polymer solution. The molecular weight of the polymer is sufficiently high to obtain a continuous defect‐free layer on a porous support. The thickness of the selective layer is ≈400 nm, as found in morphological investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained membranes are utilized for gas and water vapor transport experiments in a wide temperature range. The water vapor permeability coefficient of the investigated materials is up to 4500 Barrer; this value increases threefold upon quaterization of the amine. The high permeance and selectivity for water vapor make this type of thin‐film membranes a potential candidate for membrane distillation.

ACS Style

Elvin Aliyev; Sergey Shishatskiy; Clarissa Abetz; Young Joo Lee; Silvio Neumann; Thomas Emmler; Volkan Filiz. SI‐ATRP Polymer‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Water Vapor Separation. Advanced Materials Interfaces 2020, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Elvin Aliyev, Sergey Shishatskiy, Clarissa Abetz, Young Joo Lee, Silvio Neumann, Thomas Emmler, Volkan Filiz. SI‐ATRP Polymer‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Water Vapor Separation. Advanced Materials Interfaces. 2020; 7 (19):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elvin Aliyev; Sergey Shishatskiy; Clarissa Abetz; Young Joo Lee; Silvio Neumann; Thomas Emmler; Volkan Filiz. 2020. "SI‐ATRP Polymer‐Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Water Vapor Separation." Advanced Materials Interfaces 7, no. 19: 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2019 in Polymers
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In this paper, the formation of nanostructured triblock terpolymer polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(solketal methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA), polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(glyceryl methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PGMA) membranes via block copolymer self-assembly followed by non-solvent-induced phase separation (SNIPS) is demonstrated. An increase in the hydrophilicity was observed after treatment of non-charged isoporous membranes from PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA, through acidic hydrolysis of the hydrophobic poly(solketal methacrylate) PSMA block into a hydrophilic poly(glyceryl methacrylate) PGMA block, which contains two neighbored hydroxyl (–OH) groups per repeating unit. For the first time, PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA triblock terpolymers with varying compositions were successfully synthesized by sequential living anionic polymerization. Composite membranes of PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA and PS-b-P4VP-b-PGMA triblock terpolymers with ordered hexagonally packed cylindrical pores were developed. The morphology of the membranes was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA triblock terpolymer membranes were further treated with acid (1 M HCl) to get polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(glyceryl methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PGMA). Notably, the pristine porous membrane structure could be maintained even after acidic hydrolysis. It was found that membranes containing hydroxyl groups (PS-b-P4VP-b-PGMA) show a stable and higher water permeance than membranes without hydroxyl groups (PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA), what is due to the increase in hydrophilicity. The membrane properties were analyzed further by contact angle, protein retention, and adsorption measurements.

ACS Style

Sarah Saleem; Sofia Rangou; Clarissa Abetz; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Isoporous Membranes from Novel Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(solketal methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA) Triblock Terpolymers and Their Post-Modification. Polymers 2019, 12, 41 .

AMA Style

Sarah Saleem, Sofia Rangou, Clarissa Abetz, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Isoporous Membranes from Novel Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(solketal methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA) Triblock Terpolymers and Their Post-Modification. Polymers. 2019; 12 (1):41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah Saleem; Sofia Rangou; Clarissa Abetz; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2019. "Isoporous Membranes from Novel Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly(solketal methacrylate) (PS-b-P4VP-b-PSMA) Triblock Terpolymers and Their Post-Modification." Polymers 12, no. 1: 41.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2019 in Materials
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In this work, we present a novel synthetic route to diblock copolymers based on styrene and 3-vinylpyridine monomers. Surfactant-free water-based reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of the macroRAFT agent poly(3-vinylpyridine) (P3VP) is used to synthesize diblock copolymers with molecular weights of around 60 kDa. The proposed mechanism for the poly(3-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(styrene) (P3VP-b-PS) synthesis is the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) which involves the in situ formation of well-defined micellar nanoscale objects consisting of a PS core and a stabilizing P3VP macroRAFT agent corona. The presented approach shows a well-controlled RAFT polymerization, allowing for the synthesis of diblock copolymers with high monomer conversion. The obtained diblock copolymers display microphase-separated structures according to their composition.

ACS Style

Katharina Nieswandt; Prokopios Georgopanos; Clarissa Abetz; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Synthesis of Poly(3-vinylpyridine)-Block-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Materials 2019, 12, 3145 .

AMA Style

Katharina Nieswandt, Prokopios Georgopanos, Clarissa Abetz, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Synthesis of Poly(3-vinylpyridine)-Block-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization. Materials. 2019; 12 (19):3145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katharina Nieswandt; Prokopios Georgopanos; Clarissa Abetz; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2019. "Synthesis of Poly(3-vinylpyridine)-Block-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymers via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization." Materials 12, no. 19: 3145.

Journal article
Published: 18 August 2019 in Nanomaterials
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The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide (GO) and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the Lerf–Klinowski and the Lee structural models. Surface functional groups of GO layers and the oxidative debris (OD) stacked on them were investigated after OD was extracted. Analysis was performed successfully using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR), standardized Boehm potentiometric titration analysis, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analysis showed that graphene oxide layers, as well as oxidative debris contain different functional groups such as phenolic –OH, ketone, lactone, carboxyl, quinone and epoxy. Based on these results, a new structural model for GO layers is proposed, which covers all spectroscopic data and explains the presence of the other oxygen functionalities besides carboxyl, phenolic –OH and epoxy groups.

ACS Style

Elvin Aliyev; Volkan Filiz; Muntazim M. Khan; Young Joo Lee; Clarissa Abetz; Volker Abetz. Structural Characterization of Graphene Oxide: Surface Functional Groups and Fractionated Oxidative Debris. Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1180 .

AMA Style

Elvin Aliyev, Volkan Filiz, Muntazim M. Khan, Young Joo Lee, Clarissa Abetz, Volker Abetz. Structural Characterization of Graphene Oxide: Surface Functional Groups and Fractionated Oxidative Debris. Nanomaterials. 2019; 9 (8):1180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elvin Aliyev; Volkan Filiz; Muntazim M. Khan; Young Joo Lee; Clarissa Abetz; Volker Abetz. 2019. "Structural Characterization of Graphene Oxide: Surface Functional Groups and Fractionated Oxidative Debris." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8: 1180.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2019 in Polymers
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The synthesis of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) modified with azide groups, the cross linkage by nitrene reaction and their performance as gas separation membranes are reported. The azide modification of the spirobisindane units in the polymer backbone was done by post functionalization of methylated spirobisindane containing polymers. These polymers differ in distribution and concentration of the azide group containing spirobisindane units by applying perfectly alternating and randomly distributed copolymers along the polymer chains. To investigate the influence of concentration of the azide groups, additionally the homopolymer of methylated spirobisindane was synthesized and subjected to identical treatments and characterizations as both copolymers. Cross linkage by nitrene reaction was examined by different temperature treatments at 150, 200, 250 and 300 °C. Characterization of the new polymers was performed by NMR, SEC and FT-IR. Furthermore, the crosslinking process was investigated by means of solid state NMR, TGA-FTIR, DSC and isoconversional kinetic analysis performed with TGA. Gas permeability of CO2, N2, CH4, H2 and O2 was determined by time lag experiments and ideal selectivities for several gas pairs were calculated. The two azide groups per repeating unit degrade during thermal treatments by release of nitrogen and form mechanically stable PIM networks, leading to an increase in gas permeability while selectivity remained nearly constant. Measured diffusivity and solubility coefficients revealed differences in the formation of free volume elements depending on distribution and concentration of the azide groups. Aging studies over about five months were performed and physical aging rates (βP) were evaluated with regard to the concentration and distribution of curable azide functionalities. Subsequently, the enhanced sieving effect during aging resulted in membrane materials that surpassed the Robeson upper bound in selected gas pairs.

ACS Style

Silvio Neumann; Gisela Bengtson; David Meis; Volkan Filiz. Thermal Cross Linking of Novel Azide Modified Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity-Effect of Distribution and the Gas Separation Performance. Polymers 2019, 11, 1241 .

AMA Style

Silvio Neumann, Gisela Bengtson, David Meis, Volkan Filiz. Thermal Cross Linking of Novel Azide Modified Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity-Effect of Distribution and the Gas Separation Performance. Polymers. 2019; 11 (8):1241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvio Neumann; Gisela Bengtson; David Meis; Volkan Filiz. 2019. "Thermal Cross Linking of Novel Azide Modified Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity-Effect of Distribution and the Gas Separation Performance." Polymers 11, no. 8: 1241.

Kurzmitteilung
Published: 10 December 2018 in Chemie Ingenieur Technik
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In dieser Arbeit wurden neue Mixed‐Matrix‐Membranen (MMM) aus Matrimid® und Aktivkohle (AK) für die Gasseparation untersucht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Herstellung von Membranen mit im Vergleich zu reinen Matrimid®‐Membranen verbesserten Gaspermeationseigenschaften. Die Membranen wurden thermisch und morphologisch charakterisiert, außerdem wurden die Gastransporteigenschaften bestimmt. Bei steigendem AK‐Gehalt war die Selektivität für verschiedene Gaspaare konstant, die Permeabilitäten stiegen jedoch stark an.

ACS Style

Prokopios Georgopanos; Fynn Weigelt; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz; Torsten Brinkmann; Volker Abetz. Defektfreie Mixed‐Matrix‐Membranen aus Matrimid® und Aktivkohle für die Gastrennung. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 2018, 91, 534 -537.

AMA Style

Prokopios Georgopanos, Fynn Weigelt, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz, Torsten Brinkmann, Volker Abetz. Defektfreie Mixed‐Matrix‐Membranen aus Matrimid® und Aktivkohle für die Gastrennung. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 2018; 91 (4):534-537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prokopios Georgopanos; Fynn Weigelt; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz; Torsten Brinkmann; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Defektfreie Mixed‐Matrix‐Membranen aus Matrimid® und Aktivkohle für die Gastrennung." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 91, no. 4: 534-537.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2018 in Materials
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Ecological considerations strongly necessitate the development of environmentally friendly antifouling paints. A promising alternative to biocide containing antifouling paints are fouling-release coatings, which are non-toxic and designed to prevent permanent attachment of marine organisms to the surface, due to their low surface energy. However, these coatings suffer from insufficient mechanical properties, which make them unsuitable for mechanically stressed surfaces e.g., on ship hulls. To overcome those obstacles, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-polythiourethane (PTU) composites modified with tetrapodal shaped micro-nano ZnO particles (t-ZnO) were produced and characterized by evaluating the surface energy, mechanical properties, and fouling-release performance. Among all variations, PTU/1 wt.% PDMS composites with 1 wt.% t-ZnO particles possess superior properties for applications as fouling-release coatings for maritime purposes.

ACS Style

Haoyi Qiu; Iris Hölken; Anna Gapeeva; Volkan Filiz; Rainer Adelung; Martina Baum. Development and Characterization of Mechanically Durable Silicone-Polythiourethane Composites Modified with Tetrapodal Shaped ZnO Particles for the Potential Application as Fouling-Release Coating in the Marine Sector. Materials 2018, 11, 2413 .

AMA Style

Haoyi Qiu, Iris Hölken, Anna Gapeeva, Volkan Filiz, Rainer Adelung, Martina Baum. Development and Characterization of Mechanically Durable Silicone-Polythiourethane Composites Modified with Tetrapodal Shaped ZnO Particles for the Potential Application as Fouling-Release Coating in the Marine Sector. Materials. 2018; 11 (12):2413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haoyi Qiu; Iris Hölken; Anna Gapeeva; Volkan Filiz; Rainer Adelung; Martina Baum. 2018. "Development and Characterization of Mechanically Durable Silicone-Polythiourethane Composites Modified with Tetrapodal Shaped ZnO Particles for the Potential Application as Fouling-Release Coating in the Marine Sector." Materials 11, no. 12: 2413.

Nano express
Published: 12 November 2018 in Nanoscale Research Letters
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In this study, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) incorporated in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) serving as a polymer matrix have been fabricated by dip-coating method, and their single gas transport properties were investigated. Successfully surface-modified GOs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of FGO loading on MMM morphology and performance was investigated by varying the FGO content in polymer matrix from 9 to 84 wt.%. Use of high FGO content in the polymer matrix helped to reveal difference in interaction of functionalized fillers with PIM-1 and even to discuss the change of FGO stiffness and filler alignment to the membrane surface depending on functional group nature.

ACS Style

Elvin M. Aliyev; Muntazim Munir Khan; Afig M. Nabiyev; Rasim M. Alosmanov; Irada A. Bunyad-Zadeh; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz. Covalently Modified Graphene Oxide and Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) in Mixed Matrix Thin-Film Composite Membranes. Nanoscale Research Letters 2018, 13, 359 .

AMA Style

Elvin M. Aliyev, Muntazim Munir Khan, Afig M. Nabiyev, Rasim M. Alosmanov, Irada A. Bunyad-Zadeh, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz. Covalently Modified Graphene Oxide and Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) in Mixed Matrix Thin-Film Composite Membranes. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2018; 13 (1):359.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elvin M. Aliyev; Muntazim Munir Khan; Afig M. Nabiyev; Rasim M. Alosmanov; Irada A. Bunyad-Zadeh; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz. 2018. "Covalently Modified Graphene Oxide and Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) in Mixed Matrix Thin-Film Composite Membranes." Nanoscale Research Letters 13, no. 1: 359.

Original article
Published: 08 November 2018 in Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry
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In this work, the synthesis of novel polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with different degrees of bromine substitution by a free‐radical substitution reaction was performed. The synthesized polymers were thoroughly characterized and their bromination degree was verified via nuclear magnetic resonance. The brominated PIMs were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and density measurements and correlated with their gas transport properties. It was found that with an increase in the bromination degree, the synthesized PIMs exhibited a significant increase in polymer chain packing density which led to reduced fractional free volume and consequent decrease in gas diffusion and permeability coefficients. The change in permeability coefficients caused an improvement in the CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2 ideal permeability selectivities. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018

ACS Style

Karabi Halder; Prokopios Georgopanos; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Investigation of gas transport and other physical properties in relation to the bromination degree of polymers of intrinsic microporosity. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2018, 56, 2752 -2761.

AMA Style

Karabi Halder, Prokopios Georgopanos, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Investigation of gas transport and other physical properties in relation to the bromination degree of polymers of intrinsic microporosity. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 2018; 56 (24):2752-2761.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karabi Halder; Prokopios Georgopanos; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Investigation of gas transport and other physical properties in relation to the bromination degree of polymers of intrinsic microporosity." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 56, no. 24: 2752-2761.

Research article
Published: 12 September 2018 in Macromolecules
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The synthesis of a new series of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) containing vinyl groups and its performance as gas separation membranes are reported. The incorporation of the vinyl group on the spirobisindane backbone was based on the postmodification of the methylated spirobisindane polymers. Generally, the prepared polymers display good solubility and easy processability to form robust films. Characterization of the new polymers was performed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and density measurements. The gas permeability of the CO2, N2, O2, and CH4 was measured, and selectivities for the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs were calculated for the prepared polymers and compared to the values obtained from PIM-1. The two vinyl groups per repeating units enabled the modified homopolymers to engage in π-orbital overlap and conjugation with the π-orbitals of the aromatic backbone, thus leading to a reduction in CO2 permeability but surpassing the Robeson’s upper bound with CO2/N2 selectivity. The attractive CO2/N2 gas separation characteristics of the newly synthesized vinylated PIMs might be useful for postcombustion application in the capture of CO2 from power plant flue gases. The chemical versatility of the vinyl groups has been tested in two successful addition reactions (bromination and thiol–ene click).

ACS Style

Karabi Halder; Silvio Neumann; Gisela Bengtson; Muntazim Munir Khan; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Postmodified by Vinyl Groups for Membrane Applications. Macromolecules 2018, 51, 7309 -7319.

AMA Style

Karabi Halder, Silvio Neumann, Gisela Bengtson, Muntazim Munir Khan, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Postmodified by Vinyl Groups for Membrane Applications. Macromolecules. 2018; 51 (18):7309-7319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karabi Halder; Silvio Neumann; Gisela Bengtson; Muntazim Munir Khan; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity Postmodified by Vinyl Groups for Membrane Applications." Macromolecules 51, no. 18: 7309-7319.

Journal article
Published: 06 August 2018 in Membranes
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In this work we present a method to manufacture flat sheet membranes with a thin isoporous block copolymer (BCP) layer (thickness 95% of BCP raw material compared to common doctor blade casting, by strongly decreasing the layer thickness to below 3 µm in combination with a highly open substructure. Additionally, we report a straightforward method to investigate the influence of the solvent evaporation time between coating and precipitation (phase inversion) on the membrane morphology using one sample only, which also ensures that all other influencing parameters remain constant.

ACS Style

Thomas Bucher; Volkan Filiz; Clarissa Abetz; Volker Abetz. Formation of Thin, Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes by an Upscalable Profile Roller Coating Process—A Promising Way to Save Block Copolymer. Membranes 2018, 8, 57 .

AMA Style

Thomas Bucher, Volkan Filiz, Clarissa Abetz, Volker Abetz. Formation of Thin, Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes by an Upscalable Profile Roller Coating Process—A Promising Way to Save Block Copolymer. Membranes. 2018; 8 (3):57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Bucher; Volkan Filiz; Clarissa Abetz; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Formation of Thin, Isoporous Block Copolymer Membranes by an Upscalable Profile Roller Coating Process—A Promising Way to Save Block Copolymer." Membranes 8, no. 3: 57.

Research article
Published: 19 June 2018 in ACS Applied Nano Materials
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In this work, an azido-modified dopamine derivative was synthesized and subsequently used to postfunctionalize the surface of nanoporous poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer membranes. Based on this layer a continuative modification was realized by performing a “Click” reaction, namely the Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition, with different alkynes. While the “Click” reaction was monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the morphology of the membranes in the different states of modification was examined with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The membrane properties were characterized by measurements of contact angle and clean water permeance, retention tests and protein adsorption. Independent from the alkyne applied during the “Click” reaction, the clean water permeance is approx. 1200 L∙m 2∙bar 1∙h 1 and therefore slightly below the permeance of the pristine membrane. While the sharp molecular weight cut-off of the pristine membrane and all modified membranes is similar, anti-fouling properties as studied on the interaction of two model proteins (bovine serum albumin, hemoglobin) with the membranes turned out to be best for the membranes modified with 1-nonyne.

ACS Style

Christian Höhme; Volkan Filiz; Clarissa Abetz; Prokopios Georgopanos; Nico Scharnagl; Volker Abetz. Postfunctionalization of Nanoporous Block Copolymer Membranes via Click Reaction on Polydopamine for Liquid Phase Separation. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2018, 1, 3124 -3136.

AMA Style

Christian Höhme, Volkan Filiz, Clarissa Abetz, Prokopios Georgopanos, Nico Scharnagl, Volker Abetz. Postfunctionalization of Nanoporous Block Copolymer Membranes via Click Reaction on Polydopamine for Liquid Phase Separation. ACS Applied Nano Materials. 2018; 1 (7):3124-3136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Höhme; Volkan Filiz; Clarissa Abetz; Prokopios Georgopanos; Nico Scharnagl; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Postfunctionalization of Nanoporous Block Copolymer Membranes via Click Reaction on Polydopamine for Liquid Phase Separation." ACS Applied Nano Materials 1, no. 7: 3124-3136.

Journals
Published: 25 May 2018 in Polymer Chemistry
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Aromatic polyimides containing different ratios of ortho-hydroxy to ortho-allyloxy units were prepared and thermally rearranged.

ACS Style

David Meis; Alberto Tena; Silvio Neumann; Prokopios Georgopanos; Thomas Emmler; Sergey Shishatskiy; Sofia Rangou; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Thermal rearrangement of ortho-allyloxypolyimide membranes and the effect of the degree of functionalization. Polymer Chemistry 2018, 9, 3987 -3999.

AMA Style

David Meis, Alberto Tena, Silvio Neumann, Prokopios Georgopanos, Thomas Emmler, Sergey Shishatskiy, Sofia Rangou, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Thermal rearrangement of ortho-allyloxypolyimide membranes and the effect of the degree of functionalization. Polymer Chemistry. 2018; 9 (29):3987-3999.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Meis; Alberto Tena; Silvio Neumann; Prokopios Georgopanos; Thomas Emmler; Sergey Shishatskiy; Sofia Rangou; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Thermal rearrangement of ortho-allyloxypolyimide membranes and the effect of the degree of functionalization." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 29: 3987-3999.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2018 in Polymer Chemistry
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A novel approach for the introduction of alkenyl functionalization in polymers.

ACS Style

Monica R. De La Viuda; Alberto Tena; Silvio Neumann; Sebastian Willruth; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Novel functionalized polyamides prone to undergo thermal Claisen rearrangement in the solid state. Polymer Chemistry 2018, 9, 4007 -4016.

AMA Style

Monica R. De La Viuda, Alberto Tena, Silvio Neumann, Sebastian Willruth, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Novel functionalized polyamides prone to undergo thermal Claisen rearrangement in the solid state. Polymer Chemistry. 2018; 9 (29):4007-4016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monica R. De La Viuda; Alberto Tena; Silvio Neumann; Sebastian Willruth; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Novel functionalized polyamides prone to undergo thermal Claisen rearrangement in the solid state." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 29: 4007-4016.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Applied Catalysis A: General
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Microfibers of the first so-called polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) were prepared by electrospinning 10 wt.% PIM-1 in tetrachloroethane and used as immobilized supports for catalytic reactions. Solutions with varied concentrations of palladium diacetate (PdAc2) were coated on electrospun PIM-1 to show that PIM-1 is a superior catalyst supporting material with a high surface per weight ratio Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) were produced via the reduction of the PdAc2 with ethanol followed by subsequent thermal treatment for durably fixing of the NPs on the fibers. A comparison of the catalytic activity of PIM-1 supported PdNPs was made with that of similarly produced electrospun nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyimide (6FDA-6FpDA) with catalytic PdNPs. The morphology of the electrospun fibers and the distribution of the Pd nanoparticles on the outer surface of the fibers were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the cross section of the fibers showed the distribution of PdNPs across the fiber with a slight excess on the outer surface of the fibers. The nanoparticles (NPs) supported by the electrospun polymers catalyzed the reduction of different aromatic nitro compounds to their corresponding amino derivatives. The kinetics of the reduction reactions were monitored by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Results showed that the PdNPs supported by electrospun PIM-1 fiber possessed high activity in the reduction reaction with an only slight dependence on the fiber diameter in the case of p-nitrophenol, while in the case of the dinitro compounds the dependence of the kinetics on the fiber diameter was more pronounced. The catalytic tests on two dinitro compounds proved the higher sorption of PIM-1 for p-nitrophenol is responsible for the higher catalytic activity of PIM-1 based catalytic nanofiber mats. These results clearly show that the catalytic activity of the PIM-1 fiber mats is higher compared to the fiber mats from PAN or 6FDA-6FpDA in the case of small reactants, which is mainly due to the fact that the PdNPs are also formed within the microporous PIM-1 fibers, while this is not the case for the other more dense fibers, where the catalytic particles are located only on the outer surface.

ACS Style

Karabi Halder; Gisela Bengtson; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. Catalytically active (Pd) nanoparticles supported by electrospun PIM-1: Influence of the sorption capacity of the polymer tested in the reduction of some aromatic nitro compounds. Applied Catalysis A: General 2018, 555, 178 -188.

AMA Style

Karabi Halder, Gisela Bengtson, Volkan Filiz, Volker Abetz. Catalytically active (Pd) nanoparticles supported by electrospun PIM-1: Influence of the sorption capacity of the polymer tested in the reduction of some aromatic nitro compounds. Applied Catalysis A: General. 2018; 555 ():178-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karabi Halder; Gisela Bengtson; Volkan Filiz; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Catalytically active (Pd) nanoparticles supported by electrospun PIM-1: Influence of the sorption capacity of the polymer tested in the reduction of some aromatic nitro compounds." Applied Catalysis A: General 555, no. : 178-188.

Article
Published: 23 February 2018 in Polymers
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The poly(ethylene glycol)-based benzoxazine polymers were synthesized via a polycondensation reaction between Bisphenol-A, paraformaldehyde, and poly(ether diamine)/(Jeffamine®). The structures of the polymers were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), indicating the presence of a cyclic benzoxazine ring. The polymer solutions were casted on the glass plate and cross-linked via thermal treatment to produce tough and flexible films without using any external additives. Thermal properties and the crosslinking behaviour of these polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Single gas (H2, O2, N2, CO2, and CH4) transport properties of the crosslinked polymeric membranes were measured by the time-lag method. The crosslinked PEG-based polybenzoxazine membranes show improved selectivities for CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 gas pairs. The good separation selectivities of these PEG-based polybenzoxazine materials suggest their utility as efficient thin film composite membranes for gas and liquid membrane separation technology.

ACS Style

Muntazim Munir Khan; Karabi Halder; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz. Synthesis and Crosslinking of Polyether-Based Main Chain Benzoxazine Polymers and Their Gas Separation Performance. Polymers 2018, 10, 221 .

AMA Style

Muntazim Munir Khan, Karabi Halder, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz. Synthesis and Crosslinking of Polyether-Based Main Chain Benzoxazine Polymers and Their Gas Separation Performance. Polymers. 2018; 10 (2):221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muntazim Munir Khan; Karabi Halder; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz. 2018. "Synthesis and Crosslinking of Polyether-Based Main Chain Benzoxazine Polymers and Their Gas Separation Performance." Polymers 10, no. 2: 221.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2018 in Polymers
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In this work, mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation in the form of thick films were prepared via the combination of the polymer Matrimid® 5218 and activated carbons (AC). The AC particles had a mean particle size of 1.5 μm and a mean pore diameter of 1.9 nm. The films were prepared by slow solvent evaporation from casting solutions in chloroform, which had a varying polymer–AC ratio. It was possible to produce stable films with up to a content of 50 vol % of AC. Thorough characterization experiments were accomplished via differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, while the morphology of the MMMs was also investigated via scanning electron microscopy. The gas transport properties were revealed by employing time-lag measurements for different pure gases as well as sorption balance experiments for the filler particles. It was found that defect free Matrimid® MMMs with AC were prepared and the increase of the filler content led to a higher effective permeability for different gases. The single gas selectivity αij of different gas pairs maintained stable values with the increase of AC content, regardless of the steep increase in the effective permeability of the pure gases. Estimation of the solubilities and the diffusivities of the Matrimid®, AC, and MMMs allowed for the explanation of the increasing permeabilities of the MMMs, with the increase of AC content by modelling.

ACS Style

Fynn Weigelt; Prokopios Georgopanos; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz; Torsten Brinkmann; Volker Abetz. Development and Characterization of Defect-Free Matrimid® Mixed-Matrix Membranes Containing Activated Carbon Particles for Gas Separation. Polymers 2018, 10, 51 .

AMA Style

Fynn Weigelt, Prokopios Georgopanos, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz, Torsten Brinkmann, Volker Abetz. Development and Characterization of Defect-Free Matrimid® Mixed-Matrix Membranes Containing Activated Carbon Particles for Gas Separation. Polymers. 2018; 10 (1):51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fynn Weigelt; Prokopios Georgopanos; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz; Torsten Brinkmann; Volker Abetz. 2018. "Development and Characterization of Defect-Free Matrimid® Mixed-Matrix Membranes Containing Activated Carbon Particles for Gas Separation." Polymers 10, no. 1: 51.

Article
Published: 02 January 2018 in Membranes
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This work reports on the preparation and gas transport performance of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) based on the polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) and potassium dodecahydrododecaborate (K2B12H12) as inorganic particles (IPs). The effect of IP loading on the gas separation performance of these MMMs was investigated by varying the IP content (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 wt %) in a PIM-1 polymer matrix. The derived MMMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), single gas permeation tests and sorption measurement. The PIM1/K2B12H12 MMMs show good dispersion of the IPs (from 2.5 to 10 wt %) in the polymer matrix. The gas permeability of PIM1/K2B12H12 MMMs increases as the loading of IPs increases (up to 10 wt %) without sacrificing permselectivity. The sorption isotherm in PIM-1 and PIM1/K2B12H12 MMMs demonstrate typical dual-mode sorption behaviors for the gases CO2 and CH4.

ACS Style

Muntazim Munir Khan; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz. Mixed Matrix Membranes of Boron Icosahedron and Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) for Gas Separation. Membranes 2018, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Muntazim Munir Khan, Sergey Shishatskiy, Volkan Filiz. Mixed Matrix Membranes of Boron Icosahedron and Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) for Gas Separation. Membranes. 2018; 8 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muntazim Munir Khan; Sergey Shishatskiy; Volkan Filiz. 2018. "Mixed Matrix Membranes of Boron Icosahedron and Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) for Gas Separation." Membranes 8, no. 1: 1.