Sport-tourism events create a broad spectrum of impacts on and for host communities. However, sustainable sport-tourism events, which emphasize positive impacts, and minimize negative impacts, do not arise by chance—they need careful planning and implementation. This paper aims to review and systematize a wide spectrum of social impacts that outdoor sport-tourism events create from the perspective of key stakeholders and addresses strategic planning elements necessary for achieving event sustainability. To reach its objectives, the authors examined the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, searching for relevant scientific papers focusing primarily on the impacts and legacy of sport events, strategic planning elements, and attributes necessary for achieving sustainability through a systematic quantitative review and content analysis. The results indicate that the relevant literature mostly focuses on economic impacts, followed by social and environmental impacts. Most studies focus on Europe and Asia, with the Olympic Games and FIFA World Cups being the most popular type of event studied. To systemize event and destination strategic elements and attributes for achieving sustainability, this study considers eight categories: social, cultural, organizational, logistic, communication, economic, tourism, and environmental. This paper identifies the main research gaps, proposes a new holistic sport-tourism events research agenda and provides recommendations so that organizers can avoid planning, organizing, financing mistakes and better leverage future sporting events.

Purpose - Sustainable sport tourism events require careful planning that considers all stakeholders' needs to enhance benefits and reduce negative impacts. This study, based on data from 670 respondents in Poreč and Zagreb (Croatia, Europe), hosts of major triathlon and skiing events in 2022 and 2024, examines the relationship between event impacts and organisational elements from the perspectives of organisers and residents. Methodology - Exploratory factor analyses was used to identify the dimensions of the impact of events and organizational elements. T-tests were used to analyse differences between the perception of two groups of stakeholders, and Pearson's correlations were used to identify links between the impact of events and organizational elements. Findings - Six dimensions of impact and three dimensions of organizational elements were identified, with event organizers and residents having different perceptions of these dimensions. There is a strong positive correlation between all three organizational elements and sociocultural, economic and reputational impacts, while environmental and safety principles, along with legacy planning, were mostly associated with organizational costs. Implications -Understanding these differing perceptions and their relationship to specific impacts can help organisers and policymakers develop more effective strategies to achieve sustainable outcomes.

Stakeholder attitudes towards the impact of sporting events are crucial to the success of the event. Despite extensive research on the perceptions of host stakeholders, the attitudes of non-host stakeholders have not yet been sufficiently researched. Based on empirical data collected in the two Croatian cities of Poreč and Zagreb, which hosted international triathlon and skiing events in October 2022 and January 2023, this study examines the perceived impact of these events on host destinations from the perspective of host and non-host residents and organizers. The exploratory factor analysis revealed six dimensions of impact. Compared to host city residents, non-host city residents tend to exaggerate both the positive and negative impacts of the event. Organizers from the host city see events as an opportunity for the local economy but feel pressured by the burdensome organizational costs. This study contributes to a better understanding of the wider social, economic, and environmental impacts of sporting events. Understanding the underlying differences in perceptions of the impacts of sporting events is crucial for developing more informed strategies for the organization of sports tourism events.