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The aim of this research was to identify energy saving instructions effect on household’s electricity consumption. The research was conducted using Randomized Control Trials, which implied defining a treatment and control group on a sample of 330 households. The research was carried out in Republic of Serbia, where electricity prices are the lowest in Europe and electricity is used inefficiently. For quantitative analysis of data, the Difference in Difference method was used, which compares the changes in electricity consumption over time between the treatment and control group and estimates the overall impact of the energy saving instructions. The research showed that in situations where electricity price is very low, energy saving information does not have the significant impact on change in consumer behavior. However, inefficient use of electricity might be due to the different efficiency of heating devices used. Not only that the low impact of information on energy saving habits may be a consequence of the low will to change habit, but also of the impossibility to change the habit (unless changing the heating device, but this implies expenditures). Results can be used for consideration of changes in organization and regulation of the electricity market in all South Eastern European countries (SEE).
Iztok Podbregar; Sanja Filipović; Mirjana Radovanović; Olga Mirković Isaeva; Polona Šprajc. Electricity Prices and Consumer Behavior, Case Study Serbia—Randomized Control Trials Method. Energies 2021, 14, 591 .
AMA StyleIztok Podbregar, Sanja Filipović, Mirjana Radovanović, Olga Mirković Isaeva, Polona Šprajc. Electricity Prices and Consumer Behavior, Case Study Serbia—Randomized Control Trials Method. Energies. 2021; 14 (3):591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIztok Podbregar; Sanja Filipović; Mirjana Radovanović; Olga Mirković Isaeva; Polona Šprajc. 2021. "Electricity Prices and Consumer Behavior, Case Study Serbia—Randomized Control Trials Method." Energies 14, no. 3: 591.
T Continuing medical education (CME) is the right and obligation of every health worker for continuous professional development and one of the conditions for license renewal. The need for CME arose as a consequence of constant innovations in medicine as a science, as well as the introduction of new technologies in therapy, diagnostics and health care. It is necessary (mandatory) for all health workers, because it provides monitoring and reform of the education and health system according to WHO recommendations. A CME is a set of educational activities that serve to maintain, develop, or increase the knowledge, skills, and professional accomplishments and relationships that a physician and other health care professionals use to provide services to patients, the public, or the profession. The CME system ensures that the latest knowledge and the latest treatment techniques are transferred through additional and continuous form of internal or external training to doctors and medical technicians, and aims to raise the level of expertise and improve the quality of health care in all forms of health care and daily practice. E-learning is a step forward in CME. The aim of this paper is to present the e-learning system of education of medical workers in Serbia, as well as to present the attitudes of health workers about e-learning continuous medical training through empirical research.
Olja Arsenijević; Marija Lugonjić; Polona Šprajc. E-Learning Continuous Medical Education of Health Workers. 40th International Conference on Organizational Science Development Values Competencies and Changes in Organizations 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleOlja Arsenijević, Marija Lugonjić, Polona Šprajc. E-Learning Continuous Medical Education of Health Workers. 40th International Conference on Organizational Science Development Values Competencies and Changes in Organizations. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlja Arsenijević; Marija Lugonjić; Polona Šprajc. 2021. "E-Learning Continuous Medical Education of Health Workers." 40th International Conference on Organizational Science Development Values Competencies and Changes in Organizations , no. : 1.
The aging workforce challenges companies to keep their aging employees employable in the workforce. This paper gives an indication as to which employees are more likely to be interested in further learning and employability. Specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of chronological age and achievement goal orientations for informal and formal learning and employability. It was found that informal learning has a significant positive relation with several dimensions of employability. Furthermore, mastery-approach goal orientation also shows a significant positive relation with informal learning and employability. In addition, age had no significant relation with the achievement goal orientations. The paper stresses the need to consider characteristics other than chronological age, such as goal orientations, when considering employees’ learning behavior and employability.
Nena Hribar; Polona Šprajc. Doseganje zaposljivosti pri starajoči delovni sili; vloga starosti in doseganje ciljnih usmeritev. 40th International Conference on Organizational Science Development Values Competencies and Changes in Organizations 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleNena Hribar, Polona Šprajc. Doseganje zaposljivosti pri starajoči delovni sili; vloga starosti in doseganje ciljnih usmeritev. 40th International Conference on Organizational Science Development Values Competencies and Changes in Organizations. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNena Hribar; Polona Šprajc. 2021. "Doseganje zaposljivosti pri starajoči delovni sili; vloga starosti in doseganje ciljnih usmeritev." 40th International Conference on Organizational Science Development Values Competencies and Changes in Organizations , no. : 1.
(1) Background: The importance of this article is to analyze the technological developments in the field of the Internet and Internet technologies and to determine their significance for sustainable development, which will result in the emergence of Society 5.0. (2) The authors used automated content analysis for the analysis of 552 articles published in 306 scientific journals indexed by SCII and/or SCI - EXPANDED (Web of Science (WOS) platform). The goal of the research was to present the relationship between the Internet and sustainable development. (3) Results: The results of the analysis show that the top four most important themes in the selected journals were “development”, “information”, “data”, and “business and services”. (4) Conclusions: Our research approach emphasizes the importance of the culmination of scientific innovation with the conceptual, technological and contextual frameworks of the Internet and Internet technology usage and its impact on sustainable development and the emergence of the Society 5.0.
Vasja Roblek; Maja Meško; Mirjana Bach; Oshane Thorpe; Polona Šprajc. The Interaction between Internet, Sustainable Development, and Emergence of Society 5.0. Data 2020, 5, 80 .
AMA StyleVasja Roblek, Maja Meško, Mirjana Bach, Oshane Thorpe, Polona Šprajc. The Interaction between Internet, Sustainable Development, and Emergence of Society 5.0. Data. 2020; 5 (3):80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasja Roblek; Maja Meško; Mirjana Bach; Oshane Thorpe; Polona Šprajc. 2020. "The Interaction between Internet, Sustainable Development, and Emergence of Society 5.0." Data 5, no. 3: 80.
(1) Background: The importance of this article is to analyze the technological developments in the field of the Internet and Internet technologies and to determine their significance for the sustainable development which will result in the emergence of the Society 5.0; (2) The authors used automated content analysis for the analysis of 552 articles published in 306 scientific journals indexed by SCII and/or SCI - EXPANDED (Web of Science (WOS) platform) between the years 1996 and 4/2020. The goal of the research was to present the relationship between the internet and sustainable development. (3) Results: The results of the analysis show that the top four most important themes in the selected journals were “development”, “information”, “data”, and “business and services”. (4) Conclusions: Our research approach emphasizes the importance of the culmination of scientific innovation with the conceptual, technological and contextual frameworks of the internet and internet technology usage and its impact on sustainable development and emergence of the Society 5.0
Vasja Roblek; Maja Meško; Mirjana Pejić Bach; Oshane Thorpe; Polona Šprajc. The Interaction between Internet, Sustainable Development, and Emergence of Society 5.0. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleVasja Roblek, Maja Meško, Mirjana Pejić Bach, Oshane Thorpe, Polona Šprajc. The Interaction between Internet, Sustainable Development, and Emergence of Society 5.0. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasja Roblek; Maja Meško; Mirjana Pejić Bach; Oshane Thorpe; Polona Šprajc. 2020. "The Interaction between Internet, Sustainable Development, and Emergence of Society 5.0." , no. : 1.
The world economy and society are in a complex process of transition characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, further development and management of the transition will largely depend on the quality of the decisions made and, accordingly, on the decision-making process itself. The main goal of this study is to analyze the reliability of International Energy Security Risk Index as a tool to support the process of energy and economy transition decision making, as closely related and highly interdependent phenomena. The index is composed of 29 aggregated variables (grouped into eight categories), and the research is conducted on a research sample of 25 countries over a period of 36 years. The reliability assessment is performed by using Multiple Regression Analysis. Multicollinearity test, plus Multicollinearity test with Variance Inflation Factors, is used for methodological verification. The test results indicate a high degree of unreliability of the Index, as is concluded based on the observed errors in its methodological settings. These errors primarily relate to a high degree of multicollinearity in all 29 variables, whereby independent variables lose their independence and thus jeopardize reliability of the total Index. Out of the eight groups of variables, the fuel imports group is the only one that does not show big methodological errors. The paper presents a recommendation for the improvement of the observed Index (review of the role of individual variables found to be particularly methodologically indicative), as well as a recommendation for different distribution of weighting coefficients.
Iztok Podbregar; Goran Šimić; Mirjana Radovanović; Sanja Filipović; Damjan Maletič; Polona Šprajc. The International Energy Security Risk Index in Sustainable Energy and Economy Transition Decision Making—A Reliability Analysis. Energies 2020, 13, 3691 .
AMA StyleIztok Podbregar, Goran Šimić, Mirjana Radovanović, Sanja Filipović, Damjan Maletič, Polona Šprajc. The International Energy Security Risk Index in Sustainable Energy and Economy Transition Decision Making—A Reliability Analysis. Energies. 2020; 13 (14):3691.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIztok Podbregar; Goran Šimić; Mirjana Radovanović; Sanja Filipović; Damjan Maletič; Polona Šprajc. 2020. "The International Energy Security Risk Index in Sustainable Energy and Economy Transition Decision Making—A Reliability Analysis." Energies 13, no. 14: 3691.
The main objective of this paper is to analyze model settings of the International Energy Security Risk Index developed by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The study was performed using stepwise regression, principal component analysis, and Promax oblique rotation. The conclusion of the regression analysis shows that Crude Oil Price and Global Coal Reserves are sufficient to explain 90% of the variance of the Index. However, if a model that explains 100% of the variance of the Index is chosen and other variables are added, Global Coal Reserves loses importance due to the presence of other parameters in which it is contained. Regardless of the chosen model of analysis, it is evident that there is room for revising the Index and removing variables that do not contribute to its precision. The research showed that the main disadvantage of the variables that make up the Index rests with the fact that the variables are of different degrees of generality, that is, one parameter is contained in other parameters (unclear which other). The research covers data for 25 countries over a 26-year period, with the first year of the research being 1980 and the last 2016 (the latest available report).
Iztok Podbregar; Goran Šimić; Mirjana Radovanović; Sanja Filipović; Polona Šprajc. International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings. Energies 2020, 13, 3234 .
AMA StyleIztok Podbregar, Goran Šimić, Mirjana Radovanović, Sanja Filipović, Polona Šprajc. International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings. Energies. 2020; 13 (12):3234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIztok Podbregar; Goran Šimić; Mirjana Radovanović; Sanja Filipović; Polona Šprajc. 2020. "International Energy Security Risk Index—Analysis of the Methodological Settings." Energies 13, no. 12: 3234.
Današnje globalno, konkurenčno in hitro spreminjajoče se okolje vodilne postavlja pred mnoge izzive, med katerimi pomembno vlogo igra skrb za zaposlene. Naloga je, da ugotovijo, kako ravnati in doseči, da bodo zaposleni v organizacije prispevali kar največ. Le tako lahko podjetje stremi k uspešnosti, razvoju in preživetju na trgu. Posledično morajo vodilni kadri imeti in razvijati kompetence, ki so ključne pri uspešnem vodenju. Vodilni kadri v bolnišnicah pa imajo še mnogo težjo nalogo, saj morajo imeti razvite specifične kompetence, potrebne za obvladovanje take infrastrukture. V kolikor vodilni nimajo teh potrebnih kompetenc je lahko ogroženo življenje ljudi. Cilj prispevka je ugotoviti, katere se dejanske in potrebne kompetence vodilnih kadrov v bolnišnici in kateri dejavniki vplivajo na njihove kompetence. Rezultati kažejo, da se potrebne in dejanske kompetence vodilnih v bolnišnici ne razlikujejo v veliki meri. Samo vodilni kader z ustreznimi kompetencami lahko uspešno vodi tako veliko organizacijo kot bolnišnica je.
Marina Đorđeski; Fakulteta Za Organizacijske Vede Univerza V Mariboru; Polona Šprajc; Iztok Podbregar. Kompetence vodilnih kadrov v Splošni bolnišnici Jesenice. 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMarina Đorđeski, Fakulteta Za Organizacijske Vede Univerza V Mariboru, Polona Šprajc, Iztok Podbregar. Kompetence vodilnih kadrov v Splošni bolnišnici Jesenice. 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Đorđeski; Fakulteta Za Organizacijske Vede Univerza V Mariboru; Polona Šprajc; Iztok Podbregar. 2020. "Kompetence vodilnih kadrov v Splošni bolnišnici Jesenice." 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development , no. : 1.
The purpose of the article is a theoretical and empirical analysis of the job insecurity due its influence on the employee job attitudes. Design. The design of the study was longitudinal. The empirical results were collected in 2018–2019. The empirical basis of the research is the separate structural department of the bank. The organization has realized downsizing project during the collection of empirical data. It has made possible to analyze the job satisfaction and work engagement before, during and after the downsizing project. The measures used in the present study are: 1) the “Utrecht Work Engagement Scale”; 2) “Brief Job Satisfaction Measure; 3) “The Job Insecurity Scale”. An empirical analysis of the dynamics of job attitudes in the groups differ in age and gender has found out a short-term motivating effect of the threat of job loss. The motivating effect of the threat of job loss is lost during six months. The most significance motivating effect was wound out in within the group of ordinary employees in the senior category over 45 years. The threat of dismissal also has the greatest impact on the behavior change of that part of the staff that is most susceptible to experiencing job insecurity. The employees who perceived the job insecurity are more satisfied with their work and value it more highly.
Olja Arsenijević; Polona Šprajc. The Impact of Job Insecurity on Employee Attitudes. 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleOlja Arsenijević, Polona Šprajc. The Impact of Job Insecurity on Employee Attitudes. 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlja Arsenijević; Polona Šprajc. 2020. "The Impact of Job Insecurity on Employee Attitudes." 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development , no. : 1.
Tehnologija se nenehno razvija in nas spremlja na vsakem koraku, temu primerno so potrebe po njeni uporabi vedno večje. Od tehnologije smo ljudje postali odvisni in se smatra že kot temelj delovanja v današnji družbi. Kljub temu pa samemu napredku in nenehnih spremembah, nekateri že težko sledijo. Za smotrno uporabo le te, potrebujemo tudi določeno znanje, ki naj bi ga pridobili skozi splošno izobrazbo v zakonsko obvezni osnovni šoli. Znatno se nam bliža pričetek popolne avtomatizacije določenih delovnih procesov v vseh poklicnih panogah. Kljub nižanju potreb po človeški delovni sili, se bo le ta, v določeni meri še vedno potrebovala za vpeljavo in vzdrževanje delovanja. Predhodno pridobljeno znanje o tehnologiji in procesih, morebiti ne zadostuje novostim, ki prihajajo na trg, niti ne zadostuje trenutnim. Skupaj z napredkom tehnologije, mora napredovati tudi splošno znanje ljudi o njenem delovanju in uporabi. Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo in s študijem literature opredelili problemsko stanje tehnološkega napredka v povezavi z izobrazbo ljudi in njihovo zmožnostjo dohajanja le te.
Polona Šprajc; Timotej Ribič. Vpliv tehnologije na izobraževanje. 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePolona Šprajc, Timotej Ribič. Vpliv tehnologije na izobraževanje. 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePolona Šprajc; Timotej Ribič. 2020. "Vpliv tehnologije na izobraževanje." 39th International Conference on Organizational Science Development , no. : 1.
Future cyber operations in an IoT-enabled smart environment will be much more demanding and complex. The purpose of this paper is to present the building blocks of an innovative approach to education in the field of cyber operations. Proposed model of an innovative approach to education in the field of cyber operations includes three building blocks with the set of key elements. The model is focused on the work process of cyber operations modelling, that will allow students with different levels of knowledge and specializations to work efficiently. The objective of the innovative approach to education in the field of cyber operations is to connect students with different knowledge in the field of cyber security and thus contribute to the development of highly secure IoT solutions and better security awareness. The main objective of the proposed model of an innovative approach to education in the field of cyber operations is to allow the students to develop a content-rich, in-depth knowledge in the field of cyber operations, especially in smart environment.
Blaž Ivanc; Iztok Podbregar; Polona Šprajc. Building Blocks of an Innovative Approach to Education in the Field of Cyber Operations in Smart Environment. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2019, 168 -181.
AMA StyleBlaž Ivanc, Iztok Podbregar, Polona Šprajc. Building Blocks of an Innovative Approach to Education in the Field of Cyber Operations in Smart Environment. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2019; ():168-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlaž Ivanc; Iztok Podbregar; Polona Šprajc. 2019. "Building Blocks of an Innovative Approach to Education in the Field of Cyber Operations in Smart Environment." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV , no. : 168-181.