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In many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (Salix spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatment plant in eastern Finland (Outokumpu) to investigate the effect of the processed wastewater (WW) on biomass production as well as the nutrients uptake capability (mainly N and P) by a willow variety (Salix schwerinii). Results indicated that WW irrigation expressively increased the willow diameter growth and biomass yield around 256% and 6510%, respectively, compared to the control treatment site (without WW). The willow was also able to accumulate approximately 41–60% of the N and 32–50% of the P in two years (2018–2019). Overall, willow showed a total 20% mortality rate under WW irrigation throughout the growing periods (2017–2019) as compared to control (39%). The results demonstrate that willow has the potential to control eutrophication (reducing nutrients load) from the wastewater with the best survival rate and can provide high biomass production for bioenergy generations in cold climatic conditions.
Muhammad Mohsin; Erik Kaipiainen; Mir Md Abdus Salam; Nikolai Evstishenkov; Nicole Nawrot; Aki Villa; Ewa Wojciechowska; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen. Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by Salix schwerinii: A Field Trial. Water 2021, 13, 2298 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Mohsin, Erik Kaipiainen, Mir Md Abdus Salam, Nikolai Evstishenkov, Nicole Nawrot, Aki Villa, Ewa Wojciechowska, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen. Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by Salix schwerinii: A Field Trial. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Mohsin; Erik Kaipiainen; Mir Md Abdus Salam; Nikolai Evstishenkov; Nicole Nawrot; Aki Villa; Ewa Wojciechowska; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen. 2021. "Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by Salix schwerinii: A Field Trial." Water 13, no. 16: 2298.
This paper provides an overview of different methods of assessing the trace metal (TM) contamination status of sediments affected by anthropogenic interference. The geochemical background determination methods are also described. A total of 25 papers covering rivers, lakes, and retention tanks sediments in areas subjected to anthropogenic pressure from the last three years (2019, 2020, and 2021) were analysed to support our examination of the assessment measures. Geochemical and ecotoxicological classifications are presented that may prove useful for sediment evaluation. Among the geochemical indices, several individual pollution indices (CF, Igeo, EF, Pi (SPI), PTT), complex pollution indices (PLI, Cdeg, mCdeg, Pisum, PIAvg, PIaAvg, PIN, PIProd, PIapProd, PIvectorM, PINemerow, IntPI, MPI), and geochemical classifications are compared. The ecotoxicological assessment includes an overview of Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) and classifications introduced nationally (as LAWA or modified LAWA). The ecotoxicological indices presented in this review cover individual (ERi) and complex indices (CSI, SPI, RAC, PERI, MERMQ). Biomonitoring of contaminated sites based on plant bioindicators is extensively explored as an indirect method for evaluating pollution sites. The most commonly used indices in the reviewed papers were Igeo, EF, and CF. Many authors referred to ecotoxicological assessment via SQG. Moreover, PERI, which includes the toxic response index, was just as popular. The most recognised bioindicators include the Phragmites and Salix species. Phragmites can be considered for Fe, Cu, Cd, and Ni bioindication in sites, while Salix hybrid cultivars such as Klara may be considered for phytostabilisation and rhizofiltration due to higher Cu, Zn, and Ni accumulation in roots. Vetiveria zizanoides demonstrated resistance to As stress and feasibility for the remediation of As. Moreover, bioindicators offer a feasible tool for recovering valuable elements for the development of a circular economy (e.g., rare earth elements).
Nicole Nawrot; Ewa Wojciechowska; Muhammad Mohsin; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen; Shahabaldin Rezania. Trace Metal Contamination of Bottom Sediments: A Review of Assessment Measures and Geochemical Background Determination Methods. Minerals 2021, 11, 872 .
AMA StyleNicole Nawrot, Ewa Wojciechowska, Muhammad Mohsin, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen, Shahabaldin Rezania. Trace Metal Contamination of Bottom Sediments: A Review of Assessment Measures and Geochemical Background Determination Methods. Minerals. 2021; 11 (8):872.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicole Nawrot; Ewa Wojciechowska; Muhammad Mohsin; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen; Shahabaldin Rezania. 2021. "Trace Metal Contamination of Bottom Sediments: A Review of Assessment Measures and Geochemical Background Determination Methods." Minerals 11, no. 8: 872.
The pulp and paper industry produces a diverse range of side-streams from multi-stage processes, but these remain underutilized despite their high potential for use as biofuels. This study investigated acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731 from the side-streams of three different stages of the pulp and paper manufacturing process (PI, PII, and PIII). Biomass specimens with and without water washing were pretreated with 0.2% H2SO4 at 180 °C for 10 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, to obtain fermentable sugars. The results showed that the produced ABE solvent concentrations were 12.8 g/L, 5.2 g/L, and 6.3 g/L from PI, PII, and PIII, respectively. The butanol yields of PI, PII, and PIII were 0.25, 0.18, and 0.19 g/g sugars, respectively. Among the tested side-streams, PI was shown to have potential as a feedstock for butanol production without prewashing prior to dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation.
Sandra Sandar; Ming Yang; Ossi Turunen; Jouko Vepsäläinen; Ari Pappinen; Suvi Kuittinen. Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation from different pulp and paper manufacturing process side-streams. BioResources 2020, 15, 1 .
AMA StyleSandra Sandar, Ming Yang, Ossi Turunen, Jouko Vepsäläinen, Ari Pappinen, Suvi Kuittinen. Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation from different pulp and paper manufacturing process side-streams. BioResources. 2020; 15 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Sandar; Ming Yang; Ossi Turunen; Jouko Vepsäläinen; Ari Pappinen; Suvi Kuittinen. 2020. "Acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation from different pulp and paper manufacturing process side-streams." BioResources 15, no. 4: 1.
This study assesses the wood waste generation, its management practices, and its effects on the forests in Ghana. The rate of logging in Ghana has increased and this can be attributed to the increase in the establishment of Sawmilling companies in the country. Increased in the installation of sawmilling companies has increased the sawn timber production. The use of outmoded milling machines has led to an increase in waste generation. An increase in production has led to an increase in the annual allowable cut in the country, which has overrun the limit of sustainable forestry. A qualitative research method was employed for the research work. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to the study to solicit the views of the wood industries about wood waste generation and its management practices. The study population comprised of 50 sawmilling companies. From the data collected, it was observed that most of the timber production companies do not know how to manage the waste generated and the waste is left un-utilized. In general 80% of the timber production companies responded that they have an idea of wood waste management but do not have the technical know-how to manage the waste. It was observed that 80% of the timber production companies do not manage the waste they generate during their operations. Wood shavings, sawdust, wood slabs, offcuts, branches, and others are left un-utilized. From the observations made in the visited sawmills, chunks of waste are generated on the site. The fact that the wood which is un-utilized (waste) and the wood, which is utilized as sold products, are equal in cost to the company which highlights the poor material and cost-efficiency. Wood industry materials and cost efficiency, together with waste management practices and their contribution to deforestation in the country, are discussed.
Obed Asamoah; Suvi Kuittinen; Jones Abrefa Danquah; Ebo Tawiah Quartey; Dastan Bamwesigye; Charles Mario Boateng; Ari Pappinen. Assessing Wood Waste by Timber Industry as a Contributing Factor to Deforestation in Ghana. Forests 2020, 11, 939 .
AMA StyleObed Asamoah, Suvi Kuittinen, Jones Abrefa Danquah, Ebo Tawiah Quartey, Dastan Bamwesigye, Charles Mario Boateng, Ari Pappinen. Assessing Wood Waste by Timber Industry as a Contributing Factor to Deforestation in Ghana. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):939.
Chicago/Turabian StyleObed Asamoah; Suvi Kuittinen; Jones Abrefa Danquah; Ebo Tawiah Quartey; Dastan Bamwesigye; Charles Mario Boateng; Ari Pappinen. 2020. "Assessing Wood Waste by Timber Industry as a Contributing Factor to Deforestation in Ghana." Forests 11, no. 9: 939.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the current level of awareness, implementation and need for knowledge of game-oriented forest management (GOFM) among forest owners and professionals. This information is necessary to understand the grounds for improving awareness and implementation of new forest management guidelines and to evaluate suitable policy instruments for the future. The study joins the body of research on innovation diffusion and institutional adaptation, in regard to new forest management methods. Our results from Finland indicated that a high proportion of forest owners have not adopted GOFM, despite the information provided. A wider implementation of the method might require other knowledge dissemination methods, such as providing tangible examples and peer learning to forest owners. The role of forest professionals as change agents was seen to be important for the generalization of GOFM among forest owners and inside institutions. The observed level of awareness of GOFM and its implementation among forest owners, and the engagement of professionals reflects a situation where the informing process is ongoing, and where the forestry advisors need tools to engage forest owners more effectively. At the same time, it is difficult to estimate the effectiveness of the voluntary-based approach of GOFM. In this study, the double sampling design removed volunteer bias and increased the reliability of the results.
Piia Ikonen; Mirja Rantala; Janne Miettinen; Suvi Kuittinen; Teppo Hujala; Lauri Mehtätalo; Ari Pappinen. Grounds for improving the implementation of game-oriented forest management – A double sampling survey of Finnish forest owners and professionals. Forest Policy and Economics 2020, 119, 102266 .
AMA StylePiia Ikonen, Mirja Rantala, Janne Miettinen, Suvi Kuittinen, Teppo Hujala, Lauri Mehtätalo, Ari Pappinen. Grounds for improving the implementation of game-oriented forest management – A double sampling survey of Finnish forest owners and professionals. Forest Policy and Economics. 2020; 119 ():102266.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiia Ikonen; Mirja Rantala; Janne Miettinen; Suvi Kuittinen; Teppo Hujala; Lauri Mehtätalo; Ari Pappinen. 2020. "Grounds for improving the implementation of game-oriented forest management – A double sampling survey of Finnish forest owners and professionals." Forest Policy and Economics 119, no. : 102266.
Agriculture is considered the backbone of the Namibian economy. However, bush encroachment affects approximately 45 million hectares of Namibian farmland and in the absence of appropriate restoration measures, negatively affects local biodiversity and the national economy. Bush thinning operations on three freehold farms were assessed to examine the response of local ungulates (small, medium, large) and predators (meso, large). Camera traps were used to capture wildlife in bush encroached and previously thinned habitats. We hypothesized that thinning would increase the activity of small, medium, and large ungulates, meso and large predators, and that the magnitude of the increase in activity at thinned sites would differ among animal types. Our results revealed that the expected animal captures were not equal – small, medium, and large ungulates were common, large predators were least common; thinned areas had more expected animal captures and overall animal-treatment interactions were almost significant (p = 0.051). The post-hoc tests of treatment by animal types showed significant differences between treatments for large predators (p = 0.016), with a positive response to the thinning treatment. The response to thinning was also positive for all other animal types, but insignificant. Our results suggest that activity patterns of large predators could be substantially shifted by thinning operations in the Namibian farmland ecosystem. Consequentially, large predators may impact other animal types severely, especially if thinning is done on a small scale. Thinning at a larger scale might spread the predatory risk over a wider landscape, thus reducing the predatory risk effects. This would provide more options for animals to escape or avoid habitat edges that are highly frequented by predators. This study demonstrated that bush thinning had overall positive to neutral effects and can be used as a method to restore wildlife habitats. To maintain a sparse vegetation structure and improved carrying capacity in previously restored areas, post-thinning management is required to control the re-established saplings.
Matti T. Nghikembua; Laurie L. Marker; Bruce Brewer; Lauri Mehtätalo; Mark Appiah; Ari Pappinen. Response of wildlife to bush thinning on the north central freehold farmlands of Namibia. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 473, 118330 .
AMA StyleMatti T. Nghikembua, Laurie L. Marker, Bruce Brewer, Lauri Mehtätalo, Mark Appiah, Ari Pappinen. Response of wildlife to bush thinning on the north central freehold farmlands of Namibia. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 473 ():118330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatti T. Nghikembua; Laurie L. Marker; Bruce Brewer; Lauri Mehtätalo; Mark Appiah; Ari Pappinen. 2020. "Response of wildlife to bush thinning on the north central freehold farmlands of Namibia." Forest Ecology and Management 473, no. : 118330.
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), the most abundant renewable feedstock for bioenergy generation, is commonly converted to second generation bioalcohols, the main drop-in fuels for petroleum gasoline, through three technologies based on sugar, carboxylic acid and syngas platforms. The hybridization of either any two or three platforms altogether is a novel concept aimed at improvement of yield and quality (high heating value) of bioalcohols. This article reviews the present status of the integration techniques of hybrid platforms with an overall assessment of their advancement with respect to their individual counterpart as well as the challenges involved. It has been indicated that to extract the maximum benefit of hybridization, research studies should be spurred in the fields of kinetic analysis of all thermochemical and biochemical processes, microbial interaction, optimization of process parameters (pH, temperature), performance analysis of engine for the utilization of mixed product bioalcohols, sustainability analysis through the development of mathematical models for lab-scale operations and process simulation models for large scale units along with life cycle assessment. Moreover, pyrolysis of LCB has been identified as a unique central process for the supply of all intermediate compounds, namely, sugar, carboxylic acid and syngas during the hybrid networking of three platform technologies. In this context, the scheme of CONVER-B, a joint research project under the INNO-INDIGO partnership program, aiming at sustainable integration of the platforms to produce bio-alcohols from LCBs leaving zero effluent simultaneously with carbon sequestration potential has been introduced and discussed.
Ranjana Chowdhury; Shiladitya Ghosh; Dinabandhu Manna; Sumona Das; Sambit Dutta; Sabine Kleinsteuber; Heike Sträuber; Kamrul Hassan; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen. Hybridization of sugar-carboxylate-syngas platforms for the production of bio-alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) – A state-of-the-art review and recommendations. Energy Conversion and Management 2019, 200, 112111 .
AMA StyleRanjana Chowdhury, Shiladitya Ghosh, Dinabandhu Manna, Sumona Das, Sambit Dutta, Sabine Kleinsteuber, Heike Sträuber, Kamrul Hassan, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen. Hybridization of sugar-carboxylate-syngas platforms for the production of bio-alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) – A state-of-the-art review and recommendations. Energy Conversion and Management. 2019; 200 ():112111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRanjana Chowdhury; Shiladitya Ghosh; Dinabandhu Manna; Sumona Das; Sambit Dutta; Sabine Kleinsteuber; Heike Sträuber; Kamrul Hassan; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen. 2019. "Hybridization of sugar-carboxylate-syngas platforms for the production of bio-alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) – A state-of-the-art review and recommendations." Energy Conversion and Management 200, no. : 112111.
The present study investigated the phytoextraction ability of Salix schwerinii E.L. Wolf enhanced with an application of the chelate N10O. Salix schwerinii were grown in garden soil that was also amended with Cu (400 mg kg−1), Ni (30 mg kg−1) and Zn (200 mg kg−1). Multiple doses of N10O were applied to the treatments as follows: Cu (3.45 g and 6.9 g), Ni (1.2 g and 2.4 g), and Zn (1.45 g and 2.9 g). Furthermore, N10O doses were also repeated with the control soil. The effect of N10O on height growth, biomass production, ecophysiological attributes, and the accumulation of metals (Cu, Ni, and Zn) in Salix in polluted soils was studied. Compared to the control, the total metal concentrations in S. schwerinii growing in the soils amended with N10O increased substantially by up to 895% for Cu, 324% for Ni and 722% for Zn. The translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BF) values for S. schwerinii increased with the application of N10O and varied from 0.30–1.01 for Cu, 0.45–1.25 for Ni, and 4.40–5.89 for Zn, whereas, BF values varied from 0.60–1.15 for Cu, 0.80–1.50 for Ni, and 4–8 for Zn. This study indicated that S. schwerinii can be used for phytoextraction of Cu, Ni and Zn from contaminated soils. However, further research is needed to examine the phytoextraction potential of other Salix species using N10O to remediate soils polluted with various toxic metals.
Muhammad Mohsin; Suvi Kuittinen; Mir Md Abdus Salam; Sirpa Peräniemi; Saila Laine; Pertti Pulkkinen; Erik Kaipiainen; Jouko Vepsäläinen; Ari Pappinen. Chelate-assisted phytoextraction: Growth and ecophysiological responses by Salix schwerinii E.L Wolf grown in artificially polluted soils. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 2019, 205, 106335 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Mohsin, Suvi Kuittinen, Mir Md Abdus Salam, Sirpa Peräniemi, Saila Laine, Pertti Pulkkinen, Erik Kaipiainen, Jouko Vepsäläinen, Ari Pappinen. Chelate-assisted phytoextraction: Growth and ecophysiological responses by Salix schwerinii E.L Wolf grown in artificially polluted soils. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 2019; 205 ():106335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Mohsin; Suvi Kuittinen; Mir Md Abdus Salam; Sirpa Peräniemi; Saila Laine; Pertti Pulkkinen; Erik Kaipiainen; Jouko Vepsäläinen; Ari Pappinen. 2019. "Chelate-assisted phytoextraction: Growth and ecophysiological responses by Salix schwerinii E.L Wolf grown in artificially polluted soils." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 205, no. : 106335.
In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) uptake by four Salix cultivars grown in Cu and Zn contaminated soils collected from a mining area in Finland were tested to assess their suitability for phytoextraction. The cultivars displayed tolerance to heavily contaminated soils throughout the experiment. After uptake, total mean Cu concentrations in the leaves, shoots and roots in all cultivars and treatments ranged from 163 to 474 mg kg-1 and mean Zn concentrations ranged from 776 to 1823 mg kg-1. Lime and wood ash addition increased dry biomass growth (25-43%), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values (3-6%), the translocation factor (TF) (15-60% for Cu; 10-25% for Zn), the bio-concentration factor (BCF) (40-85% for Cu; 70-120% for Zn), and metal uptake (55-70% for Cu; 50-65% for Zn) compared to unamended treatment across all cultivars. The results revealed that Salix cultivars have the potential to take up and accumulate significant amounts of Cu and Zn. Cultivar Klara (Salix viminalis × S. schwerinii × S. dasyclados) was found to be the most effective cultivar for phytoextraction since it displayed greater dry biomass production, Fv/Fm, TF, BCF values and uptake percentage rates of Cu and Zn compared to the other three cultivars. This study indicates that further research is needed to clarify the wider phytoextraction capabilities of different Salix cultivars.
Mir Md Abdus Salam; Muhammad Mohsin; Erik Kaipiainen; Aki Villa; Suvi Kuittinen; Pertti Pulkkinen; Paavo Pelkonen; Ari Pappinen. Biomass growth variation and phytoextraction potential of four Salix varieties grown in contaminated soil amended with lime and wood ash. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2019, 21, 1329 -1340.
AMA StyleMir Md Abdus Salam, Muhammad Mohsin, Erik Kaipiainen, Aki Villa, Suvi Kuittinen, Pertti Pulkkinen, Paavo Pelkonen, Ari Pappinen. Biomass growth variation and phytoextraction potential of four Salix varieties grown in contaminated soil amended with lime and wood ash. International Journal of Phytoremediation. 2019; 21 (13):1329-1340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMir Md Abdus Salam; Muhammad Mohsin; Erik Kaipiainen; Aki Villa; Suvi Kuittinen; Pertti Pulkkinen; Paavo Pelkonen; Ari Pappinen. 2019. "Biomass growth variation and phytoextraction potential of four Salix varieties grown in contaminated soil amended with lime and wood ash." International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, no. 13: 1329-1340.
Rhizophora spp. are grown for wood charcoal production in many tropical estuaries and coastal areas. However, a lack of species-level information stands in the way of promoting this resource for sustainable practices. The present study investigated management practices and aboveground biomass (AGB) production patterns of Rhizophora apiculata plantations in the Yeesarn area of Samut Songkhram Province, Central Thailand. Interviews of farmers and a field survey were main instruments for collecting and analyzing of the data. It was found that farmers collect mature propagules locally and use traditional knowledge for maintenance of the plantation including site preparation and planting. Beating-up and weeding are the main operations applied in establishing a plantation; otherwise, little effort is directed towards post-planting maintenance. The plantation was reforested in a harvesting rotation of 8 to 15 years. Observed stand growth in terms of annual turnover rate (ATR) of height and diameter was highest in a 12-year old plantation; 0.82 m/year and 0.46 cm/year, respectively. Highest AGB production, stem wood volume (SWV), and commercial wood volume (CWV) were observed in a 14-year old plantation; 201.95 tonnes/ha, 181.49 m3/ha, and 178.98 m3/ha, respectively. Growth and productivity patterns indicate that the plantation has a high yield potential in terms of wood biomass production.
Kamrul Hassan; Vipak Jintana; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen. Management Practices and Aboveground Biomass Production Patterns of Rhizophora apiculata Plantation: Study from a Mangrove Area in Samut Songkram Province, Thailand. BioResources 2018, 13, 7826-7850 .
AMA StyleKamrul Hassan, Vipak Jintana, Suvi Kuittinen, Ari Pappinen. Management Practices and Aboveground Biomass Production Patterns of Rhizophora apiculata Plantation: Study from a Mangrove Area in Samut Songkram Province, Thailand. BioResources. 2018; 13 (4):7826-7850.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamrul Hassan; Vipak Jintana; Suvi Kuittinen; Ari Pappinen. 2018. "Management Practices and Aboveground Biomass Production Patterns of Rhizophora apiculata Plantation: Study from a Mangrove Area in Samut Songkram Province, Thailand." BioResources 13, no. 4: 7826-7850.
The objective of this survey-based study was to investigate farmers’ willingness to supply biomass for power generation in the south and in the centre of Poland. In total, 210 farmers participated in this study by filling in a self-instructed questionnaire. The results indicate that the majority of farmers (two-thirds) in both regions appeared unwilling to collect, store and transport biomass to the market or to the energy production facility. It is likely that an unstable biomass market marked by low demand and low prices has led to unwillingness by farmers to engage in bioenergy production in Poland. Increasing the role of biomass as a renewable energy resource and recovering the farmers’ confidence in the market would require fixing the shortcomings in the biomass market and the provision of clear public policies that aim at long-term market stability.
Anas Zyadin; Karthikeyan Natarajan; Bartłomiej Igliński; Anna Iglińska; Aleksandra Kaczmarek; Jakub Kajdanek; Ari Pappinen; Paavo Pelkonen. Farmers’ willingness to supply biomass for energy generation: evidence from South and Central Poland. Biofuels 2016, 8, 421 -430.
AMA StyleAnas Zyadin, Karthikeyan Natarajan, Bartłomiej Igliński, Anna Iglińska, Aleksandra Kaczmarek, Jakub Kajdanek, Ari Pappinen, Paavo Pelkonen. Farmers’ willingness to supply biomass for energy generation: evidence from South and Central Poland. Biofuels. 2016; 8 (4):421-430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnas Zyadin; Karthikeyan Natarajan; Bartłomiej Igliński; Anna Iglińska; Aleksandra Kaczmarek; Jakub Kajdanek; Ari Pappinen; Paavo Pelkonen. 2016. "Farmers’ willingness to supply biomass for energy generation: evidence from South and Central Poland." Biofuels 8, no. 4: 421-430.
India is experiencing energy crisis and a widening gap between energy supply and demand. The country is, however, endowed with considerable, commercially and technically available renewable resources, from which surplus agro-biomass is of great importance and a relatively untapped resource. In the policy making process, knowledge of existing biomass use, degree of social reliance, and degree of biomass availability for energy production is unequivocal and pre-conditional. Field observations, documentation, and fill-in sheet tools were used to investigate the potential of biomass resources and the existing domestic, commercial, and industrial uses of biomass in selected Indian states. To do so, a team of field observers/supervisors visited three Indian states namely: Maharashtra (MH), Madhya Pradesh (MP), and Tamil Nadu (TN). Two districts from each state were selected to collect data regarding the use of biomass and the extent of biomass availability for energy production. In total, 471 farmers were interviewed, and approximately 75 farmers with various land holdings have been interviewed in each district. The existing uses of biomass have been documented in this survey study and the results show that the majority of biomass is used as fodder for domestic livestock followed by in-site ploughing, leaving trivial surplus quantities for other productive uses. Biomass for cooking appeared to be insignificant due to the availability and access to Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders in the surveyed districts. Opportunities exist to utilize roadside-dumped biomass, in-site burnt biomass, and a share of biomass used for ploughing. The GIS-based maps show that biomass availability varies considerably across the Taluks of the surveyed districts, and is highly dependent on a number of enviromental and socio-cultural factors. Developing competitive bioenergy market and enhancing and promoting access to more LPG fuel connections seem an appropriate socio-economic and environmental approach to reduce the use of biomass for indoor cooking and increasing the share of surplus biomass for energy production.
Karthikeyan Natarajan; Petri Latva-Käyrä; Anas Zyadin; Suresh Chauhan; Harminder Singh; Ari Pappinen; Paavo Pelkonen. Biomass Resource Assessment and Existing Biomass Use in the Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu States of India. Challenges 2015, 6, 158 -172.
AMA StyleKarthikeyan Natarajan, Petri Latva-Käyrä, Anas Zyadin, Suresh Chauhan, Harminder Singh, Ari Pappinen, Paavo Pelkonen. Biomass Resource Assessment and Existing Biomass Use in the Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu States of India. Challenges. 2015; 6 (1):158-172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarthikeyan Natarajan; Petri Latva-Käyrä; Anas Zyadin; Suresh Chauhan; Harminder Singh; Ari Pappinen; Paavo Pelkonen. 2015. "Biomass Resource Assessment and Existing Biomass Use in the Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu States of India." Challenges 6, no. 1: 158-172.
Utilization of renewable energy resources is imperative due to energy access, energy security, and energy sustainability coupled with the rising environmental concern. India is one of the largest land mass countries in the world and amply bestowed with biomass resources. Investigations on biomass supply potential, socio-economic challenges, local people attitudes, current bioenergy markets, and technologies are prerequisite while seeking to develop sustainable energy plants. The study aimed to assess expert attitudes on wood-based energy development in India. This assessment was based on the opinions of Indian Forest Service (IFS) officers who are involved in managing wood-based biomass resources in different parts of the country. The study gave emphasis to the advantages, problems, and directions of the biomass based energy development in the country. The results showed that the development of biomass-based energy plants involves a number of challenges both locally and nationally. In addition, the study also highlighted the possible benefits of developing biomass based energy plants at local and national levels. The outcomes of this study provide useful information to the policy decision makers, energy entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders in the development of biomass based energy in India.
Kamrul Hassan; Karthikeyan Natarajan; Paavo Pelkonen; Anas Zyadin; Ari Pappinen. Perspectives of Feedstock Supply for Biomass-Based Energy Plant Development in India: Views from an Expert Survey. Challenges 2015, 6, 71 -87.
AMA StyleKamrul Hassan, Karthikeyan Natarajan, Paavo Pelkonen, Anas Zyadin, Ari Pappinen. Perspectives of Feedstock Supply for Biomass-Based Energy Plant Development in India: Views from an Expert Survey. Challenges. 2015; 6 (1):71-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKamrul Hassan; Karthikeyan Natarajan; Paavo Pelkonen; Anas Zyadin; Ari Pappinen. 2015. "Perspectives of Feedstock Supply for Biomass-Based Energy Plant Development in India: Views from an Expert Survey." Challenges 6, no. 1: 71-87.
The main objectives of this socio-technical study are to investigate the Indian farmers’ biomass production capacities and their perceptions and willingness to supply their surplus biomass to fuel an envisioned biomass-based power plant in three selected Indian states: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. For doing so, 471 farmers (about one-third from each state) have been interviewed in the field with info-sheet filled in by the field investigators. The farmers from all of the states appeared very much willing to sell their surplus biomass directly to a power plant. The farmers seem to depreciate the involvement of a middleman in the biomass procurement process. The farmers, however, appeared to highly appreciate a community-based association to regulate the biomass prices, with varying perceptions regarding government intervention. The majority of the farmers perceived the establishment of a biomass-based power plant in their region with positive economic outcomes. The farmers identified several barriers to supply biomass to a power plant where transportation logistics appeared to be the main barrier. The study recommends considering biomass collection, storage and transportation logistics as a fundamental segment of any envisioned investment in a biomass-based power plant. Biomass processing, such as pelletization or briquetting is recommended for efficient transportation of biomass at longer distances to reduce the transportation costs. The study further encourages the establishment of a farmers’ association aimed at collecting and selling biomass in agriculture areas predominant for small land holdings.
Anas Zyadin; Karthikeyan Natarajan; Suresh Chauhan; Harminder Singh; Kamrul Hassan; Ari Pappinen; Paavo Pelkonen. Indian Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Supply Surplus Biomass to an Envisioned Biomass-Based Power Plant. Challenges 2015, 6, 42 -54.
AMA StyleAnas Zyadin, Karthikeyan Natarajan, Suresh Chauhan, Harminder Singh, Kamrul Hassan, Ari Pappinen, Paavo Pelkonen. Indian Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Supply Surplus Biomass to an Envisioned Biomass-Based Power Plant. Challenges. 2015; 6 (1):42-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnas Zyadin; Karthikeyan Natarajan; Suresh Chauhan; Harminder Singh; Kamrul Hassan; Ari Pappinen; Paavo Pelkonen. 2015. "Indian Farmers’ Perceptions and Willingness to Supply Surplus Biomass to an Envisioned Biomass-Based Power Plant." Challenges 6, no. 1: 42-54.