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Sophida Phuthong
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

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Original paper
Published: 24 June 2021 in Neurochemical Research
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Reprogramming cell fates towards mature cell types are a promising cell supply for treating degenerative diseases. Recently, transcription factors and some small molecules have turned into impressive modulating elements for reprogramming cell fates. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has neuroprotective functions including neural stem cell (NSC) proliferative and differentiative modulation in both embryonic and adult brain. We developed a protocol that could be implemented in the direct reprogramming of human skin fibroblast towards neural cells by using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor (CHIR99021), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), cAMP activator, and melatonin treatment. We found that melatonin enhanced neural-transcription factor genes expressions, including brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 2 (BRN2), Achaete-Scute Family BHLH transcription Factor 1 (ASCL1), and Myelin Transcription Factor 1 Like (MYT1L). Melatonin also increased the expression of different neural-specific proteins such as doublecortin (DCX), Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) compared with other five small molecules (valproic acid (VPA), CHIR99021, Forskolin, 1,9 pyrazoloanthrone (SP600125), and Y-27632) combination in the presence and absence of melatonin. A noticeable upregulation of autophagy proteins (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1) were seen in the melatonin treatment during the induction period while these were reverted in the presence of L-leucine, an autophagy inhibitor. In addition, the expression of NeuN was also significantly reduced by L-leucine. Collectively, our findings revealed an activation of autophagy during neural induction; melatonin enhanced reprogramming efficiency for neuron induction through the modulation of autophagy activation.

ACS Style

Areechun Sotthibundhu; Chutikorn Nopparat; Sitakan Natphopsuk; Sophida Phuthong; Parinya Noisa; Piyarat Govitrapong. Combination of Melatonin and Small Molecules Improved Reprogramming Neural Cell Fates via Autophagy Activation. Neurochemical Research 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Areechun Sotthibundhu, Chutikorn Nopparat, Sitakan Natphopsuk, Sophida Phuthong, Parinya Noisa, Piyarat Govitrapong. Combination of Melatonin and Small Molecules Improved Reprogramming Neural Cell Fates via Autophagy Activation. Neurochemical Research. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Areechun Sotthibundhu; Chutikorn Nopparat; Sitakan Natphopsuk; Sophida Phuthong; Parinya Noisa; Piyarat Govitrapong. 2021. "Combination of Melatonin and Small Molecules Improved Reprogramming Neural Cell Fates via Autophagy Activation." Neurochemical Research , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Fetal undernutrition programs cardiometabolic diseases, with higher susceptibility in males. The mechanisms implicated are not fully understood and may be related to sex differences in placental adaptation. To evaluate this hypothesis, we investigated placental oxidative balance, vascularization, glucocorticoid barrier, and fetal growth in rats exposed to 50% global nutrient restriction from gestation day 11 (MUN, n = 8) and controls (n = 8). At gestation day 20 (G20), we analyzed maternal, placental, and fetal weights; oxidative damage, antioxidants, corticosterone, and PlGF (placental growth factor, spectrophotometry); and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), 11β-HSD2, p22phox, XO, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, catalase, and UCP2 expression (Western blot). Compared with controls, MUN dams exhibited lower weight and plasma proteins and higher corticosterone and catalase without oxidative damage. Control male fetuses were larger than female fetuses. MUN males had higher plasma corticosterone and were smaller than control males, but had similar weight than MUN females. MUN male placenta showed higher XO and lower 11β-HSD2, VEGF, SOD2, catalase, UCP2, and feto-placental ratio than controls. MUN females had similar feto-placental ratio and plasma corticosterone than controls. Female placenta expressed lower XO, 11β-HSD2, and SOD3; similar VEGF, SOD1, SOD2, and UCP2; and higher catalase than controls, being 11β-HSD2 and VEGF higher compared to MUN males. Male placenta has worse adaptation to undernutrition with lower efficiency, associated with oxidative disbalance and reduced vascularization and glucocorticoid barrier. Glucocorticoids and low nutrients may both contribute to programming in MUN males.

ACS Style

Sophida Phuthong; Cynthia Guadalupe Reyes-Hernández; Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez; David Ramiro-Cortijo; Marta Gil-Ortega; Raquel González-Blázquez; M. Carmen González; Angel Luis López De Pablo; Silvia M. Arribas. Sex Differences in Placental Protein Expression and Efficiency in a Rat Model of Fetal Programming Induced by Maternal Undernutrition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 22, 237 .

AMA Style

Sophida Phuthong, Cynthia Guadalupe Reyes-Hernández, Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez, David Ramiro-Cortijo, Marta Gil-Ortega, Raquel González-Blázquez, M. Carmen González, Angel Luis López De Pablo, Silvia M. Arribas. Sex Differences in Placental Protein Expression and Efficiency in a Rat Model of Fetal Programming Induced by Maternal Undernutrition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 22 (1):237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophida Phuthong; Cynthia Guadalupe Reyes-Hernández; Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez; David Ramiro-Cortijo; Marta Gil-Ortega; Raquel González-Blázquez; M. Carmen González; Angel Luis López De Pablo; Silvia M. Arribas. 2020. "Sex Differences in Placental Protein Expression and Efficiency in a Rat Model of Fetal Programming Induced by Maternal Undernutrition." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1: 237.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2020 in Nutrients
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We aimed to design and validate a new questionnaire of adherence to healthy food pyramid (HFP) (AP-Q), to improve previous instruments. The questionnaire was self-administered and included 28 questions from 10 categories (physical activity, health habits, hydration, grains, fruits, vegetables, oil type, dairy products, animal proteins, and snacks). A population of 130 Spanish adults answered it, obtaining scores from each category and a global score of HFP adherence (AP-Q score). Validation was performed through principal components analysis (PCA) and internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha. AP-Q was also externally validated with Kidmed-test, answered by 45 individuals from the cohort. The global AP-Q score was 5.1 ± 1.3, with an internal consistency of 64%. The PCA analysis extracted seven principal components, which explained 68.5% of the variance. The global AP-Q score was positively associated with Kidmed-test score. Our data suggest that AP-Q is a complete and robust questionnaire to assess HFP adherence, with several advantages: easy to complete, cost-effective, timesaving and has the competency to assess, besides diet, several features affecting health status, lacking in other instruments. We suggest that AP-Q could be useful in epidemiological research, although it requires additional calibration to analyze its reproducibility and validation in other populations.

ACS Style

Andrea Gila-Díaz; Silvia M. Arribas; Ángel Luis López De Pablo; Ma Rosario López-Giménez; Sophida Phuthong; David Ramiro-Cortijo. Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid in Spanish Adults. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1656 .

AMA Style

Andrea Gila-Díaz, Silvia M. Arribas, Ángel Luis López De Pablo, Ma Rosario López-Giménez, Sophida Phuthong, David Ramiro-Cortijo. Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid in Spanish Adults. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (6):1656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Gila-Díaz; Silvia M. Arribas; Ángel Luis López De Pablo; Ma Rosario López-Giménez; Sophida Phuthong; David Ramiro-Cortijo. 2020. "Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Adherence to the Healthy Food Pyramid in Spanish Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1656.