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Abdulhafeez Muhammad
Department of Computer Sciences, Bahria University Lahore Campus, Islamabad, Punjab 54600, Pakistan

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Journal article
Published: 14 February 2021 in Sustainability
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In the higher education sector, there is a growing trend to offer academic information to users through websites. Contemporarily, the users (i.e., students/teachers, parents, and administrative staff) greatly rely on these websites to perform various academic tasks, including admission, access to learning management systems (LMS), and links to other relevant resources. These users vary from each other in terms of their technological competence, objectives, and frequency of use. Therefore, academic websites should be designed considering different dimensions, so that everybody can be accommodated. Knowing the different dimensions with respect to the usability of academic websites is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) approach has been considered to be a significant method to deal with the uncertainty that is involved in subjective judgment. Although a wide range of usability factors for academic websites have already been identified, most of them are based on the judgment of experts who have never used these websites. This study identified important factors through a detailed literature review, classified them, and prioritized the most critical among them through the FAHP methodology, involving relevant users to propose a usability evaluation framework for academic websites. To validate the proposed framework, five websites of renowned higher educational institutes (HEIs) were evaluated and ranked according to the usability criteria. As the proposed framework was created methodically, the authors believe that it would be helpful for detecting real usability issues that currently exist in academic websites.

ACS Style

Abdulhafeez Muhammad; Ansar Siddique; Quadri Naveed; Uzma Khaliq; Ali Aseere; Mohd Hasan; Mohamed Qureshi; Basit Shehzad. Evaluating Usability of Academic Websites through a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2040 .

AMA Style

Abdulhafeez Muhammad, Ansar Siddique, Quadri Naveed, Uzma Khaliq, Ali Aseere, Mohd Hasan, Mohamed Qureshi, Basit Shehzad. Evaluating Usability of Academic Websites through a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdulhafeez Muhammad; Ansar Siddique; Quadri Naveed; Uzma Khaliq; Ali Aseere; Mohd Hasan; Mohamed Qureshi; Basit Shehzad. 2021. "Evaluating Usability of Academic Websites through a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2040.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in Sustainability
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The rapid growth of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)—specifically, the Internet—has given emergence to e-learning. Resultantly, web-based e-learning systems are being increasingly developed to enhance the learning process. However, the utilization of such systems is low, mainly owing to poor quality content and overall design problems. To improve usage, it is imperative to identify the factors with the most significant impact on the quality of these systems so that the e-learning industry keeps these factors in consideration while developing e-learning systems. This study focused on the identification and prioritization of factors related to the design quality of e-learning systems through a hierarchical quality model. Thus, firstly, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify the factors that most affect the quality of web-based e-learning systems. Secondly, among the identified factors, only those with the most significant effect were considered. To identify the most important quality criteria, a survey was conducted. An instrument was deployed among 157 subjects, including e-learning designers, developers, students, teachers, and educational administrators. Finally, a second instrument was distributed among 51 participants to make a pairwise comparison among the criteria and rank them according to their relative importance. The identified and prioritized factors were classified into four main categories. Among these four factors, content was identified as the most important factor, whereas design was found to be the least important factor.

ACS Style

Abdul Hafeez Muhammad; Ansar Siddique; Ahmed E. Youssef; Kashif Saleem; Basit Shahzad; Adnan Akram; Al-Batool Saleh Al-Thnian. A Hierarchical Model to Evaluate the Quality of Web-Based E-Learning Systems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4071 .

AMA Style

Abdul Hafeez Muhammad, Ansar Siddique, Ahmed E. Youssef, Kashif Saleem, Basit Shahzad, Adnan Akram, Al-Batool Saleh Al-Thnian. A Hierarchical Model to Evaluate the Quality of Web-Based E-Learning Systems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Hafeez Muhammad; Ansar Siddique; Ahmed E. Youssef; Kashif Saleem; Basit Shahzad; Adnan Akram; Al-Batool Saleh Al-Thnian. 2020. "A Hierarchical Model to Evaluate the Quality of Web-Based E-Learning Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4071.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2020 in IEEE Access
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In the last few years, most of the public universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have adopted electronic learning (e-learning) as an evolutionary educational platform both by choice and by demand. Despite its many advantages, it has increased the ethical and moral challenges faced in the form of the violations of academic integrity that exist in traditional education. Universities all over the world are struggling to overcome these issues. Keeping this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to investigate and priorities the factors of violating academic integrity within Saudi Arabian universities. Based on the previously published literature and using Delphi - based discussions with e-Learning experts, this paper has identified twelve major factors which were related to e-Learning environment, Awareness on Academic Integrity, and e-Learning guiding principles. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize these factors. It was concluded that inappropriate guidelines provided to students was the most contributing factor while Shortage of feedbacks was least contributing factor among all the identified factors.

ACS Style

Abdulhafeez Muhammad; Asadullah Shaikh; Quadri Noorulhasan Naveed; Mohamed Rafik Noor Qureshi. Factors Affecting Academic Integrity in E-Learning of Saudi Arabian Universities. An Investigation Using Delphi and AHP. IEEE Access 2020, 8, 16259 -16268.

AMA Style

Abdulhafeez Muhammad, Asadullah Shaikh, Quadri Noorulhasan Naveed, Mohamed Rafik Noor Qureshi. Factors Affecting Academic Integrity in E-Learning of Saudi Arabian Universities. An Investigation Using Delphi and AHP. IEEE Access. 2020; 8 (99):16259-16268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdulhafeez Muhammad; Asadullah Shaikh; Quadri Noorulhasan Naveed; Mohamed Rafik Noor Qureshi. 2020. "Factors Affecting Academic Integrity in E-Learning of Saudi Arabian Universities. An Investigation Using Delphi and AHP." IEEE Access 8, no. 99: 16259-16268.